The synthesis and characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films from melt reactions using xanthate precursors

Kesterite, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), is a promising absorber layer for use in photovoltaic cells. We report the use of copper, zinc and tin xanthates in melt reactions to produce Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films. The phase of the as-produced CZTS is dependent on decomposition temperature. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra show that films annealed between 375 and 475 °C are tetragonal, while at temperatures <375 °C hexagonal material was obtained. The electrical parameters of the CZTS films have also been determined. The conduction of all films was p-type, while the other parameters differ for the hexagonal and tetragonal materials: resistivity (27.1 vs 1.23 Ω cm), carrier concentration (2.65 × 10+15 vs 4.55 × 10+17 cm−3) and mobility (87.1 vs 11.1 cm2 V−1 s−1). The Hall coefficients were 2.36 × 103 versus 13.7 cm3 C−1

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tin Sulfide from Diorganotin(IV) Dixanthates

We report the synthesis and single-crystal X-ray characterization of diphenyltin bis(2-methoxyethylxanthate) and diphenyltin bis(iso-butylxanthate). These xanthates have been used as a single-source precursor to deposit tin chalcogenide thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscope imaging coupled with elemental mapping show that films deposited from diphenyltin bis(iso-butylxanthate) contain orthorhombic SnS, while films deposited from diphenyltin bis(2-methoxyethylxanthate) between 400 and 575 °C form a SnS/SnO2 nanocomposite. In synthesizing the thin films, we have also demonstrated an ability to control the band gap of the materials based on composition and deposition temperature

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of organotin(IV) complexes of flumequine and cetirizine

Six new organotin(IV) derivatives [Me3SnL1] (1), [Bu3SnL1] (2), [Ph3SnL1] (3), [Me3SnL2] (4), [Bu3SnL2] (5) and [Ph3SnL2] (6) (where HL1 = = 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5-methyl-1-oxo-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (flumequine) and HL2 = 2-[2-[4-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl]- -1-piperazinyl]ethoxy] acetic acid (cetirizine)) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, multinuclear 1H-, 13C- and 119Sn-NMR, mass spectrometry and thermal analysis techniques. The obtained data reveal trigonal-bipyramidal geometry in case of complexes 1, 2, 4 and 5, and tetrahedral geometry for complexes 3 and 6 around the tin atom, whereas in complexes 3 and 6 the carboxylate ligand act as monodentate ligand through one of its oxygen atoms while it acts as bidentate ligand through two oxygen atoms for complexes 1, 2, 4 and 5. The antibacterial and antifungal efficacies of complexes 1–6 were assessed and the majority of the compounds showed good activities. The present research showed that the trimethyltin(IV) derivatives were particularly more effective than tributyltin(IV) and triphenyltin(IV) derivatives against all the bacterial and fungal strains. Antioxidant and DNA binding studies were also performed and promising results were obtained

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of organotin(IV) complexes of flumequine and cetirizine

Six new organotin(IV) derivatives [Me3SnL1] (1), [Bu3SnL1] (2), [Ph3SnL1] (3), [Me3SnL2] (4), [Bu3SnL2] (5) and [Ph3SnL2] (6) (where HL1 = = 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5-methyl-1-oxo-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-car-boxylic acid (flumequine) and HL2 = 2-[2-[4-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl]--1-piperazinyl]ethoxy] acetic acid (cetirizine)) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, multinuclear 1H-, 13C- and 119Sn-NMR, mass spectrometry and thermal analysis techniques. The obtained data reveal trigonal-bipyramidal geometry in case of complexes 1, 2, 4 and 5, and tetrahedral geometry for complexes 3 and 6 around the tin atom, whereas in complexes 3 and 6 the carboxylate ligand act as monodentate ligand through one of its oxygen atoms while it acts as bidentate ligand through two oxygen atoms for complexes 1, 2, 4 and 5. The antibacterial and antifungal efficacies of complexes 1–6 were assessed and the majority of the compounds showed good activities. The present research showed that the trimethyltin(IV) derivatives were particularly more effective than tributyltin(IV) and triphenyltin(IV) derivatives against all the bacterial and fungal strains. Antioxidant and DNA binding studies were also performed and promising results were obtained

Asymmetrical liquid crystals synthesis for effective sensing: Fluorescence investigations

Currently, a new set of asymmetrical dimeric molecules with a Schiff-base at one end and a chalcone alkali substitution by di-ether are made and their liquid crystal and fluorescence properties are investigated. The proposed chemical structure was confirmed by routine analytical methods using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, polarized optical microscopy (POM); was used to assess the pointed compounds' liquid crystalline characteristics, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); was employed to confirm the compounds' transitions. The results report the length of the alkali chain at one end of the molecule is critical to the creation of the mesophase type. Compounds with medium-length chains exhibit nematic mesophases with moderate transition temperatures. The fluorescence of compounds was analyzed, with blue-emitting results indicating the presence of blue-light-emitting features. The 10a had higher ɛ; as well as red-shifted λmax; and Fmax; compared to the others and has blue light emission properties. Eventually; the expanding range of possible uses to include OLED material and fluorescent probes for sensing applications