Collisional methods with applications to charged particle beams

In this work, we present our development of new collisional numerical methods which are the first methods that can provide an accurate microscopic description of beam dynamics with high computational efficiency. The first method is the Simò integrator which solves the N-body problem of beams by direct integration of the particles\u27 equations of motion in the presence of external electromagnetic fields. Its development included very unique techniques to obtain accuracy while resolving all the efficiency challenges known to N-body integrators. Consequently, the Simò integrator is the first large-scale collisional numerical method in beam physics that is accurate up to machine precision with a relatively high efficiency. Then, we incorporate the Simò integrator to model collisions into our other collisional method referred to as the Particles\u27 High-Order Adaptive Dynamics (PHAD). PHAD employs an advanced version of the fast multipole method (FMM) along with Strang splitting method, and the addition of the Simò integrator makes PHAD the first most efficient, numerically symplectic, collisional method in beam physics. For an enhanced performance, the algorithms of both the Simò integrator and PHAD were fully parallelized on a large-scale high-performance hybrid cluster. We present simulations performed by our codes of three complicated beam dynamics problems. One application is for the electron cooling of ion beams to which our simulations demonstrate and give the first insight of the microscopic description of electron cooling with accurate prediction of cooling time. The other application illustrates density modulations of electron beams due to ions from a collisional picture of the dynamics and provide conditions to obtain a strong modulation signal necessary for variants of coherent electron cooling systems. The last application considers microscopic simulations of the relaxation of certain beam perturbations which illustrates finite N effects in contrast to the kinetic limit of the collisionless methods, and the resulted relaxation times are important for applications like the beam echo

Collisional Methods with Applications to Charged Particle Beams

Accurate and efficient computational methods are essential to study the dynamics of charged particle beams. Most of the available numerical methods in beam physics are based on the collisionless model which is sufficient for applications that does not depend on Coulomb collisions of the simultaneously interacting particles. However, the development of collisional numerical methods has become greatly important in recent years for applications where collisions play an important role such as the electron cooling of high energy hadron beams. While collisional methods can provide very accurate simulations, their algorithms are very complex, and they face efficiency challenges. In this work, we present our development of new collisional numerical methods which are the first methods that can provide an accurate microscopic description of beam dynamics with high computational efficiency. The first method is the Simo` integrator which solves the N-body problem of beams by direct integration of the particles\u27 equations of motion in the presence of external electromagnetic fields. Its development included very unique techniques to obtain accuracy while resolving all the efficiency challenges known to N-body integrators. Consequently, the Simo` integrator is the first large-scale collisional numerical method in beam physics that is accurate up to machine precision with a relatively high efficiency. Then, we incorporate the Simo` integrator to model collisions into our other collisional method referred to as the Particles\u27 High-Order Adaptive Dynamics (PHAD). PHAD employs an advanced version of the fast multipole method (FMM) along with Strang splitting method, and the addition of the Simo` integrator makes PHAD the first most efficient, numerically symplectic, collisional method in beam physics. For an enhanced performance, the algorithms of both the Simo` integrator and PHAD were fully parallelized on a large-scale high-performance hybrid cluster. We present simulations performed by our codes of three complicated beam dynamics problems. One application is for the electron cooling of ion beams to which our simulations demonstrate and give the first insight of the microscopic description of electron cooling with accurate prediction of cooling time. The other application illustrates density modulations of electron beams due to ions from a collisional picture of the dynamics and provide conditions to obtain a strong modulation signal necessary for variants of coherent electron cooling systems. The last application considers microscopic simulations of the relaxation of certain beam perturbations which illustrates finite N effects in contrast to the kinetic limit of the collisionless methods, and the resulted relaxation times are important for applications like the beam echo

Opportunities for Bright Beam Generation at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA)

Bright electron beams have played a critical role in many recent advances in accelerator technology. Producing bright beams via photo-emission is ultimately limited by the mean transverse energy (MTE), which is determined by the photocathode. This paper discusses the opportunity to generate bright electron beams using an upgraded version of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) photo-injector. The focus of this study is to examine the optimal configurations of the AWA photo-injector to produce 100 pC with a ∼100 nm transverse emittance (corresponding to a 5D brightness B5≥1015 A·m−2). The numerical optimization of the AWA photo-injector operating point, including realistic electromagnetic field maps, is presented for the different types of photocathodes under consideration