Phenolics Comparison between Twinning and Celestial Peppermint Teas using HPLC-DAD

Twinings and Celestial pure peppermint herbal tea is made from 100% select peppermint leaves and is naturally caffeine and gluten-free and parts of their differences lie in the packaging. The HPLC profile of Twinning peppermint and celestial peppermint teas showed that both the teas samples contain caffeic acid, ellagic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid and rutin while celestial peppermint tea had an extra phenolic compound called quercetin. Quercetin was known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and these properties could be found in celestial peppermint tea compared to the twinning counterpart. Keywords: Twinning, Celestial, Peppermint, Tea, Phenoli

Influence of Oral Administration of Peppermint Tea on Biochemical and Histological Markers of the Liver of Wistar Rats

Reports have linked the consumption of peppermint tea to improve liver cell functioning and the consumption of peppermint tea has been on the increase. The aim of this experiment was to assess the influence of the oral administration of peppermint tea on the liver of Wistar rats using biochemical and histological findings. 20 male Wistar albino rats were grouped into 4, consisting of 5 rats in each group. They were given 10mg/kg b.wt, 30mg/kg b.wt and 50mg/kg b.wt concentration of peppermint tea in tap water for 4 weeks. The first group was on normal diet and received tap water instead of tea. Their blood samples were analyzed for alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,albumin, glucose and lactate dehydrogenase. The liver tissues were also processed for histological examination. The liver tissues were essentially normal and similar to the control tissues. The biochemical parameters studied were also normal and similar to the results obtained from the control animals. The consumption of peppermint tea days has no effect on the liver biomarkers and the histology of the liver of Wistar rats which confirmed the safety in the consumption of the studied. Keywords: Peppermint, Tea, Wistar rats, Live

Phytochemical Evaluation of Dry, Wet and Oil of Leaf of Annona muricata for Medicinal Activities

Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were carried out on the dry, wet and oil of the leaves of Annona muricata using standard methods. The phytochemicals detected in the aqueous extracts of dry, wet and oil of the leaf were flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, tannins, saponin, terpenoids and steroids. The result of the quantitative analyses showed that oil extract had the highest total phenolics content (TPC: 3.09 mg GEA/g), total flavonoids content (TFC: 16.67 mg QE/g), total saponins content (TSC: 16.86 mg DE/100g) and Total tannins content (TTC: 1.13 mg GAE/g) followed by dry leaf extract (TPC: 1.66 mg GEA/g; TFC: 7.067 mg QE/g; TSC: 14.55 mg DE/100g; and TTC: 0.78 mg GAE/g) and the least was recorded for the wet leaf extract (TPC: 0.83 mg GEA/g; TFC: 3.92 mg QE/g; TSC: 12.07 mg DE/100g; and TTC: 0.44 mg GAE/g). The findings indicate that an Annona muricata leaf is a potential source of phytomedicine with the oil rich in phytochemicals, than dry and wet leaf extracts and any other biochemical analyses should be done using the oil. Keywords: Phytochemicals, leaf, Annona muricata, dry, wet, oi

Qualitative and Quantitave Evaluation of the Phytochemicals in Dry, Wet and Oil Extracts of the Leaf of Morinda lucida

This study was carried out to assess the quality and quantity of phytochemicals present in the dry, wet and oil of the leaves of Morinda lucida using standard methods. The phytochemicals detected were flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, tannins, saponin, terpenoids and steroids. The quantitative analyses showed that oil extract had the highest total phenolics content (TPC: 2.11 mg GEA/g), total flavonoids content (TFC: 10.21 mg QE/g), total saponins content (TSC: 14.95 mg DE/100g) and Total tannins content (TTC: 1.09 mg GAE/g) followed by dry leaf extract (TPC: 1.34 mg GEA/g; TFC: 5.18 mg QE/g; TSC: 10.24 mg DE/100g; and TTC: 0.55 mg GAE/g) and the least was recorded for the wet leaf extract (TPC: 0.45 mg GEA/g; TFC: 2.61 mg QE/g; TSC: 7.19 mg DE/100g; and TTC: 0.37 mg GAE/g). The overall results showed that the oil extract of a Morinda lucida leaf is rich in phytochemicals than dry and wet leaf extracts and any analyses should be done using the oil. Keywords: Phytochemicals, leaf, Morinda lucida, dry, wet, oi