11 research outputs found
The Two Carnegie Reports: From the Balkan Expedition of 1913 to the Albanian Trip of 1921
Among the significant features of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) was not only the study of the causes but also of the impacts of the wars on civilian populations. In 1913, the CEIP sent an international commission to the Balkans. The result was the well-known report of 1914, the first widely circulated description on civilians in warfare. Seven years later, dâEstournelles de Constant, president of the CEIP Balkan Commission, sent a representative, Justin Godart to study the borders issues of Albania and to report on the crisis with Greece and Yugoslavia. Godartâs report emphasized the continuity with the one of 1913 and pointed out how Albania was a key element in the stabilization of the Balkans.Drawing from the Carnegie archives, the paper offers an innovative reading of CEIPâs initiatives in the Balkans before and after World War I within the context of the last chapter of the Eastern Question.Although both reports fell short of their objectives as the one of 1914 coincided with the onset of the war and the fragile conditions of the new states post 1918 prevented the success of the second one; the principles of stabilization, integration and economic prosperity were visionary as they are still âon the tableâ in the Balkans today
Nationalisme et terrorisme en Macédoine vers 1900
Vers 1900, la MacĂ©doine Ă©tait lâun des derniers territoires de la pĂ©ninsule balkanique qui nâavait pas encore rĂ©ussi Ă obtenir lâautonomie ou lâindĂ©pendance de la part des Ottomans. Accompagnant le dĂ©clin de lâempire ottoman, lâidĂ©e de combattre le âjougâ du sultan pour construire un Ătat-nation libre et indĂ©pendant selon lâun des principes de la rĂ©volution de 1848, le droit des peuples Ă disposer dâeux-mĂȘmes, avait dĂ©jĂ fait son chemin parmi les mentalitĂ©s balkaniques. DĂšs cette Ă©poque, la M..
"Lâappel Ă lâAmĂ©rique. Lâaction de N. Murray-Butler et Paul dâEstournelles de Constant en faveur de la paix pendant la Grande Guerre (1914-1917)"
International audienc
Penser la Grande Guerre au prisme des BalkansLe témoignage de la Dotation Carnegie pour la paix internationale
International audienceIn 1914, the Carnegie Endowment published the results of an international investigation, denouncing the atrocities of the Balkan Wars. Up to 1918, the CEIP maintained a strong interest for the region emphasizing that the Great War had started in 1912. This paper addresses the link between the Balkan reportsâ topics and how the âCarnegie menâ built their perception of the Great War. The CEIP advocated for a new diplomacy based on arbitrage and an international organization and a peace that integrated the lessons learnt from the Balkan Wars.En 1914, la Dotation Carnegie publie un rapport dĂ©nonçant les atrocitĂ©s des guerres balkaniques. Jusquâen 1918, la Dotation maintient un intĂ©rĂȘt continu pour les Balkans, soulignant que la guerre a commencĂ© dĂšs 1912. Lâarticle prĂ©sente comment les thĂšmes abordĂ©s dans le rapport de 1914 servent de rĂ©fĂ©rence aux dirigeants Carnegie dans leur perception, puis dans la construction de leur rĂ©flexion sur la Grande Guerre. La Dotation prĂ©conise une nouvelle diplomatie placĂ©e sous lâarbitrage dâune organisation internationale et une paix intĂ©grant les leçons de 1912-1913
Défendre un autre rÚglement de la paix : la Dotation Carnegie pour la paix internationale 1917-1920
En 1917, la Dotation Carnegie pour la paix internationale est lâune des organisations dâoutre-Atlantique les plus renommĂ©es pour ses activitĂ©s philanthropiques. NĂ©anmoins, pendant la guerre, la Dotation a jouĂ© un rĂŽle significatif, quoique mĂ©connu, dans le dĂ©veloppement de nouvelles approches de la paix, ainsi que dans la mise en place du nouveau systĂšme international tel quâil apparaĂźt aprĂšs 1918. Cette organisation est unique et mĂȘme exceptionnelle pour son temps parce que bien que fondamen..
"Comment dĂ©finir une paix durable ? Paul dâEstournelles colloque et Nicholas Murray-Butler. Automne 1916-printemps 1918 "
International audienc
En guerre pour la paix. Correspondance Paul d'Estournelles de Constant et Nicholas Murray-Butler 1914-1919
International audienceFrom the summer of 1914 to the conclusion of the Treaty of Versailles (1919), a Frenchman and an American regularly wrote one another, maintaining a gripping chronicle of the war's daily life and the world's transformation. Two men of great influence in their respective spheres, both were recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize. Their common goal? To combat the militarism, nationalism, and violence imposed on civilians during the war. Furthermore, to lay out a vision of a democratic Europe, a plan to avert the brutalization of society. " Americans, you are the ones who condemned and executed, over a century ago, the imperialism of Great Britain. Europe, then, condemned and executed the imperialism of Napoleon; and now she is going to condemn and execute the imperialism of Germany. Take advantage of this triple experience to put imperialism to death, in your country, and do Europe the immeasurable service of offering your good example. "De l'été 1914 à la conclusion du traité de Versailles (1919) un Français et un Américain s'écrivent réguliÚrement, tenant une chronique saisissante de la guerre au quotidien et de la mutation du monde. Ce sont deux hommes d'influence qui, tous deux, reçurent le prix Nobel de la Paix. Leur but ? Lutter contre le militarisme, le nationalisme et la violence faite aux populations civiles. Proposer aussi un projet visionnaire d'Europe démocratique, afin de conjurer la brutalisation de la société. Sélection de lettres annotées et mises en contexte. Index nominatu