Nutritive Value of Sorghum Ogi Fortified with Groundnut Seed (Arachis) hypogaea

The utilization of groundnut seed as a constituents of sourghum ogi was investigated by preparing mixtures of ogi with increasing level of groundnut in 0, 25, 50, 70 and 100% addition. The product, sorghum groundnut-ogi was evaluated for proximate composition, titratable acidity and vitamins B. A taste panel evaluation was conducted to evaluate the acceptability of the products. The data obtained indicated an increase in protein, ash, and fat content. There were no apparent effect of groundnut addition of pH and titratable acidity in the mixtures. The taste panel evaluation and the amylograph pasting characteristics of the groundnut-ogi blends concluded that blends with 50% groundnut addition and beyond were acceptable improving the nutritive value of ogi for neonate

Functional and Nutritive Properties of Spent Grain Enhanced Cookies

The generation of large tonnages of spent grains as byproduct has become major disposal problem in brewing industry. This necessitate sourcing utilization alternatives to complement present use as animal feeds. The incorporation of this brewery spent grain, BSG, into cookie formulations to 15% maximum levels and its effects on the nutritional and functional properties of cookies was investigated. About 6.14% dried and 610 μm milled BSG were added to cookie formulation mix at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% levels. Other recipes added include: wheat flour, salt, sodium carbonate, water, non-fatty milk and additives. The trace metal content of the blended products were also compared with local and imported cookies. The results obtained indicated free fatty acid, moisture content, extracted fat and sensory evaluation of the final cookies were limited to 6% optimum inclusion while the spread ratio analysis suggested 3% BSG usage. The undesirable flavor of BSG as additives influenced the taste of the cookies to a great extent and did not change the nutritional status of the samples from 6% BSG inclusion. The trace metals statistical analysis of the BSG supplemented cookies compared well with both locally baked and imported cookies (p≤0.05). However, addition of brewery spent grains significantly increased the nutritional properties of the cookies up to 6% level of BSG addition

Adsorption properties of Azadirachta indica extract on corrosion of Aluminium in 1.85 M Hydrochloric acid

The crude extract of Azadirachta indica was used in the corrosion inhibition study of aluminium metal coupons in 1.85 M hydrochloric acid environment by gasometric technique. The coupons were immersed in test solutions of uninhibited 1.85 M HCl and those containing extract concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% (v/v) at room temperature. The rate of the reaction was captured by monitoring the volume of hydrogen gas evolved as a result of the interaction. The inhibition efficiency of the extracts and the adsorption isotherm of the process were calculated using Frumkin, Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin adsorption theories and the surface morphology studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the plant extract retarded the acid induced corrosion of aluminium and the volume of hydrogen gas evolved reduced with increasing extract concentration. The adsorption studies revealed that Langmuir isotherm is the best model for the adsorption of Azadirachta indica (R2 = 0.999) on aluminium surface. This implied that the Azadirachta indica extracts with aluminium metal undergoes chemisorption

Dietary Fortification of Sorghum-Ogi using Crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) as Supplements in Infancy

Malnutrition in neonates is a concern in developing countries where there is deficiency in nourishing foods for young ones. The utilization of fresh crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) in enhancing the nutrient value of commonly used sorghum grain weaning food for infancy was investigated. The study was carried out using a 10 – 50 wt% mixture of sorghum grain and crayfish in three categories of soaked sorghum grains with unroasted crayfish (Case A); de-hulled roasted sorghum grains with roasted crayfish (Case B) and de-hulled, un-roasted sorghum grain with un-roasted crayfish (Case C). The proximate analysis, functional and pasting properties in addition to taste panel evaluation of the batch composition were determined. The result indicated beneficial fat and protein contents of the blend with increase addition of crayfish with Case B and Case C preferred. The overall acceptability at 5% confidence level of organoleptic evaluation identified Case B with over 70% acceptance value, while the amylograph pasting analysis indicated that crayfish blend improved the stability of sorghum-ogi, hence it is beneficial as weaning food for infancy

Comparative study of microwave assisted and conventional synthesis of novel 2-quinoxalinone-3- hydrazone derivatives and its spectroscopic properties

A series of novel quinoxalin-2(1H)-one-3-hydrazone derivatives, 2a - 8d were synthesized via condensation of 3-hydrazinoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, 1, with the corresponding ketones under microwave irradiation. The microwave assisted reaction was remarkably successful and gave hydrazones in higher yield at less reaction time compared to conventional heating method. The chemical structures of the compounds prepared were confirmed by analytical and spectral dat

Eco-Friendly Impact of Vernonia amygdalina as Corrosion Inhibitor on Aluminium in Acidic Media

Corrosion inhibition effect of Vernonia amygdalina extract on aluminium in 0.5 M HCl solution was studied using gravimetric method at 40 oC temperature. Aluminium coupons of dimension 3x1.5 cm were immersed in test solutions of uninhibited acid and those containing extract concentrations of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 g/L concentration at intervals of 30 minutes progressively for 150 minutes. The results revealed that V. amygdalina could be used as an ecofriendly corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in HCl solution. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the extract increases with concentrations in the corrosion media. The surface coverage of the extract obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Hence,the corrosion inhibition effect of the extract was rationalized via adsorption mechanism

Inhibitive properties of Carica papaya leaf extract on Aluminium in 1.85M HCl

The inhibition of aluminium metal corrosion in 1.85 M hydrochloric acid solution using extract of Carica papaya leaf was studied using gasometric technique. Aluminium coupons were immersed in test solutions of un-inhibited 1.85 M HCl and those containing extract concentrations of 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % and 50 % (v/v) at room temperature. The volume of hydrogen gas evolved as a result of the rate of reaction between aluminium coupons and the acid extracts was recorded. The inhibition efficiency of the extract was determined and the adsorption isotherm of the process was estimated using Temkin, Freundlich, Frumkin and Langmuir adsorption theories. The microstructure examination was also determined. The result of the investigation induced that the Carica papaya leaf extract retarded the acid induced corrosion of aluminium with a reduction in the volume of hydrogen gas evolved per increasing extract concentrations. The adsorption studies revealed Langmuir isotherm as the best model for the adsorption of Carica papaya extract (R2 =1) on aluminium surface. The adsorption result with the microstructure of the coupons implied an involvement of chemisorption process in the interaction of the extract with aluminium metal

Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes of sulphadoxine mixed with pyramethamine: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and toxicology study

Two new mixed ligands metal complexes of sulphadoxine and pyramethamine were prepared by using CuCl2.6H2O and FeCl3.6H2O. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, melting point determination, molar conductivity, metal content analysis (AAS), IR, magnetic susceptibility measurements and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Based on the analytical and spectroscopic data, the complexes were proposed to have the formulae [M1L1L2(Cl)2] and [M2L1L2(Cl)3] (where M1 = Cu(II), M2 = Fe(III)), L1 = sulphadoxine, L2 = pyramethamine). The spectroscopic data proposed L1 to be a monodentate ligand and coordinated through N atom of the NH2 group in both complexes. Also, L2 was proposed to be tridentate ligand and coordinated through N atom of the NH2 groups and through N atom of imine group. However, [M1L1L2(Cl)2] and [M2L1L2(Cl)3] were proposed to possess distorted octahedral geometry. Conductivity measurement values supported the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of pathogenic bacteria [g(+) Escherichia coli, g(+) Proteus species, g(+) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and g(+) Salmonella typhi] by using disc diffusion method. Obtained results indicated that the metal complexes exhibited better antibacterial activities as compared to the ligands. Toxicology tests against some tissues of albino rat (Rattus novergicuss) revealed toxicity of the complexes in the kidney as compared to the parent drugs. [M1L1L2(Cl)2] was found to be toxic to the sera, livers and kidneys of the rats used, while [M2L1L2(Cl)3] was found to be non-toxic to the sera, livers and kidneys of the rats as their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values showed non-significant difference to the control value

Corrosion Inhibitive Effect of 2-(1-(2-Oxo-2H-Chromen-3-Yl) Ethylidene) Hydrazine Carboxamide on Zinc-Aluminum Alloy in 1.8M Hydrochloric Acid

The corrosion inhibition of Zinc-Aluminum alloy in 1.8 M of hydrochloric acid solution by 2-(1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) hydrazine carboxamide was carried out using weight loss method. Zinc-Aluminum coupons were immersed in test solution of blank and solutions of 0.001 M, 0.002 M, 0.003 M and 0.004 M of the inhibitor at room temperature and 50oC consistently for seven days duration. The percentage inhibition efficiency (% I.E) and surface coverage (θ) of the Zinc-Aluminum was calculated and result indicated corresponding increase with concentration of inhibitor. The adsorption isotherm of the process was estimated using four adsorption isotherm theories namely: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Frumkin. The adsorption studies revealed that Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9997) is the best model for the adsorption of 2-(1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) at room temperature and at 50oC on Zinc-Aluminum surface

CORROSION INHIBITION STUDY OF Cratevaadansonii PLANT EXTRACT ON MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIA

A study on the inhibitive properties of Cratevaadansonii plant extracts on mild steel in 1.75 M HCl was embarked upon in this research using gasometric and potentiodynamic polarization technique at room temperature. The mild steel coupons were immersed in blank of 1.75 M HCl and the procedure repeated for the various extract concentrations of 10% - 50% v/v. The amount of hydrogen gas evolved due to the reaction between acidic extract and the mild steel coupons were evaluated. The observed inhibition efficiency using gasometric method indicated a direct relationship with increase in concentration of the inhibitors up to 50% concentration for both extracts. A similar trend was observed in the Tafel plot using the polarization technique. The adsorption study revealed the use of Cratevaadansoniiextract obeyed the Freundlich isotherm which characterizes physisorption. The use of Cratevaadansoniiextractis hereby proposed a suitable inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in acidic media