Performance aAnalysis of HRO-B+ scheme for the nested mobile networks using OPNet

As a demand of accessing Internet is increasing dramatically, host mobility becomes insufficient to fulfill these requirements. However, to overcome this limitation, network mobility has been introduced. One of its implementation is NEMO Basic Support protocol which is proposed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). In NEMO, one or more Mobile Router(s) manages the mobility of the network in a way that its nodes would be unaware of their movement. Although, it provides several advantages, it lacks many drawbacks in term of route optimization especially when multiple nested mobile networks are formed. This paper presents a new hierarchical route optimization scheme for nested mobile networks using Advanced Binding Update List (BUL+), which is called HRO-B+. From performance evaluation, it shows that this scheme performs better in terms of throughput, delay, response time, and traffic, and achieves optimal routing. Keywords: Mobile IPv6, Network Mobility (NEMO), Route Optimization, OPNe

Cost minimisation technique in geo-distributed data centres

Significant growth of Big Data leads to a great opportunity for data analysis. Data centres are continuously becoming more popular. At the same time data centres’ cost are increasing as the amount of data is growing. Simply as Big Data is significantly increasing, data centres are facing new challenges. Hence the idea of geo-distributed data centre is introduced. This project investigates on the main challenges that data centres face and presents an enhanced technique for cost optimisation in geographical distributed data centres. Parameters involved such as task assignment, task placement, big data processing and quality of service are analysed. Analytical evaluation results show that joint parameters technique proposed outperformed separate parameter techniques in some cases even with 20% enhancement. Academic Gurobi solver is used for the evaluation

Investigation of gateway placement optimization approaches in wireless mesh networks using genetic algorithms

Recently wireless mesh networks (WMNs) gained significant roles in the current communication technologies and have been used in numerous applications such as transportation systems, rescue systems, Surveillance systems, community and neighborhood networking and etc. Therefore, many researchers pay their attention to the wireless mesh network issues especially the gateway placement optimization problems. In this paper, we study and investigate the efforts of many researchers that dealt with the gateway placement optimization problem based on combinatorial optimization concepts in comparison with other conventional algorithms as well as comparing the combinatorial based algorithms with each other. The investigation result shows that the genetic algorithms based approaches on solving gateway optimization problem relatively outperform many other approaches in addition to that the strength of the genetic algorithm depends on the fitness function which is used in measuring the quality of the individuals (fitness value)

Hierarchical route optimization scheme using advanced binding update list (BUL+) for nested mobile networks

Supporting networks that roam as one unit is needed to provide the transparency of Internet in mobile frameworks, like cars, trains, planes, buses, etc. To accomplish this, NEMO (Network Mobility) Basic Support protocol has been proposed and developed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Although, it achieves continuous, optimal and secure communication to and from all nodes, it still suffers from many drawbacks, especially when the level of nesting increases. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a new route optimization scheme for nested mobile network using hierarchical structure with Advanced Binding Update List (BUL+). From performance evaluation, it shows that this scheme reduces packet overhead, handoff latency, packet transmission delay, and achieves optimal routing. Keywords: Mobile IPv6, Network Mobility (NEMO), Nested mobile networks, Route Optimizatio

An overview of scalable video streaming

As the number of networks, types of devices, and content representation formats increase, interoperability between different systems and different networks is becoming more important. Video streaming addresses the problem of transferring video data as a continuous Stream, typically there are two modes for transmission of stored video over the Internet, namely the download mode and the streaming mode (i.e., video streaming). In the download mode, a user downloads the entire video file and then plays back the video file. However, full file transfer in the download mode usually suffers long and perhaps unacceptable transfer time. Internet's transmission resources exhibit variability at multiple time-scales, and the available bandwidth fluctuates over a broad range because of the wide distribution of packet loss burst duration, changes in bottleneck capacity, and multiple time-scale queuingtime variation. This dynamic behavior of the Internet makes it difficult to provide perceptually good quality of streaming video In contrast, in the streaming mode, the video content need not be downloaded in full, but is being played out \\hile parts of the content are being received and decode

H.264/advance video coding standard

A remarkable development was achieved in the field of video compression in the past few decades. The first MPEG and H.264 generations were engines behind the triumph and marketability of digital video compression. The ITU-T and ISO/IEC are the main actors in developing image and video coding standard. These two bodies have emerged jointly in developing the newer standard H.264/AVC in the world of telecommunication particularly in the area of video compression. With the aim of doubling the compression effectiveness, the ITU-T video coding expert group proposed a new video coding standard which would overshadow the existing one [1]. The joint video team (JVT) was formed consisting of the members of ITU-T VCEG and the ISO/IEC moving picture experts group (MPEG) in 2001 to start the development of the resulting effort based on the expertise of the two faction

H.264/AVC video coding tools and functions

The H.264/AVC standard offers a wide range of coding tools to achieve a high level of compression efficiency. Some of the important coding tools and functions of the H.264/AVC standard will be briefly discussed in this section. The encoder process, staIting from the input video to the bit stream output, is presented by Figure I. In intra prediction, the current macroblock is predicted from the neighbouring samples in the current slice which have been encoded, decoded and reconstructed by the encoder. By contrast, in inter prediction, the prediction signal is obtained through motion estimation and compensation using one (or two) reference picture(s) from the reference picture buffer. The reference picture buffer contains previously coded and decoded pictures that can be selected for inter predictio

Adaptive speech synthesis module with emotional expression

Computer generated speech replaces the conventional text based interaction methods. Initially, speech synthesis generated human voice that lacked emotional expression. This kind of speech does not encourage users to interact with computers. Emotional speech synthesis is one of the challenges of speech synthesize research. The quality of emotional speech synthesis is judged by its intelligibility and similarity to natural speech. High quality speech is achievable using the high computational cost unit selection technology. This technology relays on huge sets of recorded speech segments to achieve optimum quality. On the other hand, diphone synthesis technology utilizes computational resources and storage spaces. Its quality is less than unit selection, however, due to the introduction of many digital signal processing algorithms such as the PSOLA algorithm, more natural results was achievable

Throughput evaluation for the downlink scenario of co-tier interference in heterogeneous network

To extend the coverage and capacity of Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), femtocells (HeNodeBs) has been impressive to deploy in in-house or apartment. Owing to co-channel spectrum involvement these HeNodeB sources Co-Tier interference (CTI) with neighbor HeNodeBs and users of HeNodeB (HUE) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Access (OFDMA). As a result, CTI is occurred which causes of system throughput degradation. This paperinvestigates the OFDMA subcarrier allocation techniques and algorithms. A Genetic Algorithm based SubcarrierAllocation (GA-SA) framework is evaluated to enhanced throughput of HeNodeB and HUE. The enhancement of the system throughput and Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) is analyzed to mitigate CTI. The system level simulation is considered to evaluate the performance of the framework. The results show that the throughput is enhanced for HUE and HeNodeB, which can mitigate the CTI in OFDMA

Compression using Wavelet Transform

Audio compression has become one of the basic technologies of the multimedia age. The change in the telecommunication infrastructure, in recent years, from circuit switched to packet switched systems has also reflected on the way that speech and audio signals are carried in present systems. In many applications, such as the design of multimedia workstations and high quality audio transmission and storage, the goal is to achieve transparent coding of audio and speech signals at the lowest possible data rates. In other words, bandwidth cost money, therefore, the transmission and storage of information becomes costly. However, if we can use less data, both transmission and storage become cheaper. Further reduction in bit rate is an attractive proposition in applications like remote broadcast lines, studio links, satellite transmission of high quality audio and voice over internet