The effect of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Leukemia

Background: Stem cells play a key role in tissue repair and regeneration due to their self-renewal properties. In recent years, the use of stem cells as an important and valuable treatment method has created a new hope for the treatment of diseases and disorders that were previously difficult to treat. In this review article, the introduction of stem cells and their capabilities for treatment, as well as the sources of stem cells and the use of these sources for the treatment of diseases, including the treatment of leukemia, have been discussed. Material and Methods: Extensive search in Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords related to the article and review of various articles published between 1957 and 2022 about stem cells and the use of these cells to treat diseases.  Results: Recently, it has been proven that hematopoietic stem cells can be produced from pluripotent embryonic stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells can make different blood cells. These findings help medical science in the treatment of various types of blood cancer. Also, during the conducted research, it has been determined that induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs) can be used in the treatment of various diseases, including leukemia.NOTCH, Wnt, TGF-B1 signaling pathways play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Evidence shows that cancer stem cells have a high ability to create tumors. The presence of cancer stem cells has been reported in some patients, including those with acute myeloid leukemia.Also, the results of research conducted in recent years show that the SALL4 gene can be used in the treatment of leukemia. Conclusions: The results of various researches show that treatment with stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, can be a suitable method for treating patients with leukemia

RNA Editing and Its Application in Medicine

Background & objectives: One of the functions of RNA editing is to change the RNA sequence without changing the genomic DNA sequence and changing the fate of cellular RNA. Therefore, studying the clinical application of RNA editing for targeted therapies is necessary. Methods: All articles related to the subject of the study were searched in the Scopus, PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar database. Results: The changes that occur within the RNA editing are A to I base replacement by adenosine deaminase (ADAR) on RNA and C to U replacement by the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide1 (APOBEC1). Recently, the role of RNA editing in human diseases has been reported. Conclusion: RNA editing can be used as a new strategy to identify new disease biomarkers and more personalized treatments for various diseases