Analysis and Modification of an Electro-Oculometer

This paper describes an electro-oculometer and analyzes the electronic circuits required to process the signal. This electro-oculometer is a passive, two-channel device which detects the eye orientation using commercially available electrodes attached near the eyes. The electro-oculometer is composed of a special amplifier followed by a parabolic filter. The amplifier has high common mode rejection ratio, low drift, and low input bias current. Both DC and AC analyses of the electro-oculometer have been performed. The common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of the input stage of the device is computed both at low and high frequencies. The experimental data were then compared with theoretical results. A parabolic low pass filter was designed and implemented as part of the electro-oculometer. A parabolic filter was chosen because it gives a minimum overshoot step response. The input stage (preamplifier) of the electro-oculometer is modified so as to prevent a latch up problem. This latch up is a saturated state of the system. When the output of the system reaches saturation, the system cannot reset itself. The new configuration of the preamplifier does not require any extra active elements

A NEW RISK AND SAFETY ANALYSIS MODEL FOR PETROL FILLING STATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE OF PAKISTAN FUEL STATIONS

A petrol filling station (PFS) is a common facility that is available in urban and rural areas. It stores and sells a highly flammable liquid. A PFS has potential hazards to the people, asset, and environment. Variety of hazards such as fire hazards, static electricity, fuel tank explosions, transportation hazards and air pollution evoked by aromatic organic compounds are found to be the major causes of accident/incident occurrences at PFS. Many companies are using different risk assessment methods to priorities hazards related to their work activities. In this study, a new risk and safety analysis model for PFS is to be develope

A New Bias Corrected Version of Heteroscedasticity Consistent Covariance Estimator

In the presence of heteroscedasticity, different available flavours of the heteroscedasticity consistent covariance estimator (HCCME) are used. However, the available literature shows that these estimators can be considerably biased in small samples. Cribari–Neto et al. (2000) introduce a bias adjustment mechanism and give the modified White estimator that becomes almost bias-free even in small samples. Extending these results, Cribari-Neto and Galvão (2003) present a similar bias adjustment mechanism that can be applied to a wide class of HCCMEs’. In the present article, we follow the same mechanism as proposed by Cribari-Neto and Galvão to give bias-correction version of HCCME but we use adaptive HCCME rather than the conventional HCCME. The Monte Carlo study is used to evaluate the performance of our proposed estimators