18 research outputs found

    Analysis of inter- and -intra specific variability of five pasture species in response to temperature during germination and initial heterotrophic growth

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    La germination et la croissance hétérotrophe sont des phases clés de l'établissement des plantes. Ils sont sous contrÎle génétique et affectés par la température. L'objectif de cette thÚse est d'analyser la variabilité inter et intra-spécifique de cinq espÚces prairiales dans leurs réponses à la température pendant la germination et la croissance hétérotrophe. Trente-deux populations de Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, Medicago sativa, et Onobrychis viciifolia ont été évalués sous huit températures constantes entre 5 et 40°C.La nouveauté de ce travail vient de la large gamme de températures et le nombre de populations évaluées. Il a été observé que, au sein des espÚces, la réaction des populations à la température indique une forte variabilité et des différences significatives. La germination n'a été pas observée à 40°C pour l'une des 23 graminées, l'O. viciifolia germé peu tandis que les variétés de M. sativa ont été peu affectées. La croissance hétérotrophe des 32 populations a été affectée par la température. La croissance des axes fortement fiable ou nulle à 40°C. Les courbes de réponse du taux de croissance maximale de l'axe sont asymétriques en forme de cloche.Des interactions significatives entre la température et la population ont été détectées pour la germination et la croissance hétérotrophe. La germination des populations des sites froids est renforcée par des températures plus chaudes et limité par les plus froids et vice-versa pour les populations chaudes adaptées.Germination and heterotrophic growth are key phases for plant establishment. They are under genetic control and affected by temperature. The objective of this thesis was to analyse the inter- and intra-specific variability of five pasture species in their responses to temperature during germination and heterotrophic growth.Thirty two populations of Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, Medicago sativa, and Onobrychis viciifolia were evaluated under eight constant temperatures between 5 and 40°C.The novelty of this work comes from the wide range of temperatures and the number of populations evaluated. It was observed that, within species, the response of populations to temperature shows high variability and significant differences. No germination was observed at 40°C for any of the 23 grasses, O. viciifolia germinated poorly while M. sativa varieties were little affected. Heterotrophic growth of the 32 populations was affected by temperature. The growths of the axes were negligible or lethal at 40°C. Response curves of maximum growth rate of the axis were asymmetric bell-shaped.Significant interactions between temperature and population were detected for germination and heterotrophic growth. Germination of populations from cold sites is enhanced by warmer temperatures and limited by colder ones and vice versa for warm-adapted populations. This study demonstrates that genetic variability does exist within the five studied species. This variability could be exploited to breed new varieties adapted to the future climate

    Variability in germination under extreme temperatures of two perennial pasture legumes

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    Variability in germination under extreme temperatures of two perennial pasture legumes. 26. General meeting of the European Grassland Federation (EGF

    Genetic diversity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in response to temperature during germination

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    Temperature is one of the major factors controlling plant development, in particular seed germination. Alfalfa is a perennial pasture legume that holds an important place in cultivated grasslands. Breeding alfalfa cultivars adapted to new ranges of temperature could be necessary, requiring knowledge of the variability in response to temperature among different accessions. Six accessions of Medicago sativa subsp. sativa and one wild population of M. sativa subsp. falcata were evaluated for their germination temperature response. Seeds were tested for germination in the dark at eight constant temperatures, from 5 to 40°C. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were found. The optimum temperature for germination ranged between 11.7 and 21.1°C, whereas two varieties, ‘Demnate’ and ‘Luzelle’ had a very wide range of temperatures favouring maximum germination. The findings of this study suggest that the germination of alfalfa was little affected by low temperature (5°C) whereas germination at 40°C was lower and showed high variability. Our results revealed variability in the response to temperature for germination of M. sativa that gives room for breeding new varieties adapted to future environmental conditions induced by the global climate change

    Les températures cardinales des grandes fonctions de production chez deux plantes fourragÚres pérennes

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    La tempĂ©rature est l’un des facteurs les plus affectĂ©s par le changement climatique. C’est Ă©galement un facteur de croissance central dans le fonctionnement des vĂ©gĂ©taux. Du fait d’une large rĂ©partition gĂ©ographique et d’hybridations entre sous-espĂšces, les espĂšces herbacĂ©es sont adaptĂ©es Ă  de nombreux climats. Des diffĂ©rences entre gĂ©notypes d’origines climatiques contrastĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es en champs. Celles-ci s’expliquent-elles par des diffĂ©rences de rĂ©ponse Ă  la tempĂ©rature ? Pour cela, nous avons menĂ© 8 expĂ©rimentations en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es de 5 Ă  40°C et condition ferti-hydrique non-limitante. Nous avons caractĂ©risĂ© les courbes de rĂ©ponse Ă  la tempĂ©rature de deux espĂšces fourragĂšres a priori adaptĂ©es au changement climatique (luzerne et fĂ©tuque Ă©levĂ©e) pour diffĂ©rents processus physiologiques (croissance, dĂ©veloppement, photosynthĂšse, respiration, fixation de l’azote atmosphĂ©rique
). Les diffĂ©rences saisonniĂšres de production de matiĂšre sĂšche entre gĂ©notypes observĂ©es en champs ne s’expliquent pas par des diffĂ©rences de rĂ©ponses Ă  la tempĂ©rature. D’autres hypothĂšses sont Ă  explorer comme la rĂ©ponse Ă  la photopĂ©riode ou l’évolution de la rĂ©ponse Ă  la tempĂ©rature due Ă  l’induction florale

    EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA Y LA LUZ EN LA GERMINACIÓN DE SEMILLAS DE DOS LEGUMINOSAS / EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT ON SEED GERMINATION OF TWO LEGUMES

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    La principal vĂ­a de propagaciĂłn de las leguminosas forrajeras es a travĂ©s de la semilla botĂĄnica, por lo que conocer los requerimientos necesarios (temperatura y luz) durante la germinaciĂłn resulta indispensable para garantizar altos porcentajes de germinaciĂłn en las semillas de estas especies. El objetivo de esta investigaciĂłn es determinar los requerimientos de temperatura y luz (fotoperiodos) necesarios para alcanzar altos porcentajes de germinaciĂłn en las semillas de Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng, cv. “Semilla Oscura” y Neonotonia wightii (Wight &amp; Ann), cvs. “Tinaroo” y “Copper”. Se estudiaron ocho temperaturas constantes (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 y 45ÂșC) y cinco fotoperiodos diferentes (0/24, 6/18, 12/12, 18/6 y 24/0; horas luz/oscuridad). Las semillas de T. labialis mostraron su mayor capacidad de germinaciĂłn entre 25 y 35ÂșC, mientras que en las semillas de N. wightii se obtuvieron entre 20ÂșC y 30ÂșC. Para T. labialis a 40ÂșC no se observĂł germinaciĂłn, mientras que para los cultivares de N. wightii cesĂł a 35ÂșC. La temperatura de germinaciĂłn Ăłptima para las semillas de T. labialis y N. wightii fueron 30ÂșC y 25ÂșC respectivamente. La temperatura de germinaciĂłn Ăłptima para las semillas de T. labialis y N. wightii fue de 30ÂșC y 25ÂșC respectivamente. Las semillas de las dos especies se pueden clasificar como no fotoblĂĄsticas debido a que la luz (fotoperĂ­odo) no afectĂł la capacidad de germinaciĂłn

    How variable are non-linear developmental responses to temperature in two perennial forage species?

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    Developmental responses to temperature are critical to yield formation in crops and perennial grassland species. However, their characterisation over a broad range of temperatures relevant to climate change studies has been limited in these species. The present study sought to determine the non-linear developmental responses to temperature of two major grassland species, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and to assess i) whether a coordinated response occurred between different developmental processes, ii) if genotypes from contrasting origins differed in their responses, and iii) to quantify how a lack of coordination and genetic variability might affect estimates of thermal time progression under present and future climate scenarios. Two series of experiments were carried out under controlled conditions with eight constant temperatures ranging from 5 degrees C to 40 degrees C applied to seedlings and mature plants. Different growth and developmental processes were characterized, including shoot development and radicle, leaf and stem growth. Once normalized to a temperature of 20 degrees C, the temperature responses of the different processes displayed no significant variability between temperate and Mediterranean genotypes. On the other hand, not all developmental processes within a genotype displayed a coordinated response to temperature. Significant departures from the response of shoot development in mature plants were observed regarding several processes, particularly at low and supra-optimal temperatures (up to +/- 5 degrees C and +/- 2 degrees C for minimal and maximal temperature estimates, respectively). Differences were particularly marked relative to node and stem elongation responses. Overall, when using the temperature dependencies of different processes to estimate cumulative thermal time, significant bias was observed in alfalfa when considering stem elongation by comparison with other processes. The consequences for improvements to forage crop models, and for the meta-analyses often used to calibrate them, are discussed

    Heteromorphic seed germination and seedling emergence in the legume Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng (Fabacaeae)

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    Seed heteromorphism can influence germination and ultimately seedling establishment, particularly in disturbed habitats. This study compared seed and seedling traits across three distinctly colored seed morphs (viz. light-brown, brown, and dark-brown) of the forage legume, Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng. The best quality seeds (i.e., un-parasitized, filled and un-cracked) were brown: 389.3 quality seeds per 1000 units compared with <270/1000 units for the other two morphs. Length, width, volume, and water content were lowest in the light-brown and highest in the dark-brown seeds. Seed thickness and mass were lower in the light-brown seeds. Dark-brown seeds imbibed fastest from 2 h onwards. Germination was comparable across the morphs after 7 days but was lowest in the light-brown (17% at 21 days) and highest in the dark-brown seeds (36% at 21 days) at 14 and 21 days. At 7 days, seedling emergence in the dark-brown seeds (15.0%) was higher than in the other two morphs (4%–6%); this remained so at 14 and 21 days. Seedling growth (number of leaves, stem height and diameter, and root length) was superior in the dark-brown seeds. Seed heteromorphism in T. labialis may allow its persistence in disturbed habitats, and the dark-brown seeds are best suited for seeding in revegetation projects, given their superior germination capacity and seedling vigor.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

    Quelle est la variabilitĂ© intra- et interspĂ©cifique des caractĂšres d’adaptation des espĂšces prairiales pĂ©rennes aux variables du changement climatique ?

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    Ce numĂ©ro de la revue Fourrages prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats des travaux du projet Climagie du mĂ©taprogramme Adaptation au changement climatique de l'agriculture et de la forĂȘt (ACCAF) de l'InraThis review presents the main results of the INRA ACCAF-Climagie project pertaining to intra- and interspecific variability in climate-related responses in the most common perennial C3 forage species. More specifically, the project examined (1) how germination and growth are affected by temperature and (2) how plants escape from drought (via early ear emergence) or tolerate drought conditions (via summer dormancy and fructan accumulation). The results underscore two major reasons for studying Mediterranean natives. First, relevant model species may reveal how well intraspecific variability will allow plants to deal with increased stress levels. Second, such species provide valuable genetic resources that should be included in breeding programs, which have thus far focused on temperate species. The ultimate goal is to create productive and marketable cultivars that display a range of adaptive responses to climate change.Cette synthĂšse prĂ©sente les principaux rĂ©sultats obtenus dans le cadre du projet Climagie du mĂ©ta-programme INRA (ACCAF) sur la variabilitĂ© intra- et interspĂ©cifique de : (1) la rĂ©ponse de la germination et de la croissance Ă  la tempĂ©rature et (2) l'adaptation Ă  la sĂ©cheresse par Ă©chappement (date d'Ă©piaison prĂ©coce) et par tolĂ©rance Ă  la dĂ©shydratation (dormance estivale et accumulation de fructanes) des principales espĂšces fourragĂšres pĂ©rennes en C3. Ces travaux montrent l'importance d'Ă©tudier le matĂ©riel d'origine mĂ©diterranĂ©enne : (1) comme modĂšle d'Ă©tude pertinent pour identifier les limites de la variabilitĂ© intraspĂ©cifique Ă  l'adaptation aux stress croissants et, (2) comme ressource gĂ©nĂ©tique d'intĂ©rĂȘt Ă  valoriser dans les schĂ©mas d'amĂ©lioration basĂ©s jusqu'Ă  prĂ©sent surtout sur du matĂ©riel d'origine tempĂ©rĂ©e, dans l'objectif de crĂ©er des variĂ©tĂ©s combinant une gamme de stratĂ©gies d'adaptation au changement climatique tout en prĂ©servant de bonnes performances agronomiques

    Quelle est la variabilitĂ© intra- et interspĂ©cifique des caractĂšres d’adaptation des espĂšces prairiales pĂ©rennes aux variables du changement climatique ?

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    Ce numĂ©ro de la revue Fourrages prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats des travaux du projet Climagie du mĂ©taprogramme Adaptation au changement climatique de l'agriculture et de la forĂȘt (ACCAF) de l'InraThis review presents the main results of the INRA ACCAF-Climagie project pertaining to intra- and interspecific variability in climate-related responses in the most common perennial C3 forage species. More specifically, the project examined (1) how germination and growth are affected by temperature and (2) how plants escape from drought (via early ear emergence) or tolerate drought conditions (via summer dormancy and fructan accumulation). The results underscore two major reasons for studying Mediterranean natives. First, relevant model species may reveal how well intraspecific variability will allow plants to deal with increased stress levels. Second, such species provide valuable genetic resources that should be included in breeding programs, which have thus far focused on temperate species. The ultimate goal is to create productive and marketable cultivars that display a range of adaptive responses to climate change.Cette synthĂšse prĂ©sente les principaux rĂ©sultats obtenus dans le cadre du projet Climagie du mĂ©ta-programme INRA (ACCAF) sur la variabilitĂ© intra- et interspĂ©cifique de : (1) la rĂ©ponse de la germination et de la croissance Ă  la tempĂ©rature et (2) l'adaptation Ă  la sĂ©cheresse par Ă©chappement (date d'Ă©piaison prĂ©coce) et par tolĂ©rance Ă  la dĂ©shydratation (dormance estivale et accumulation de fructanes) des principales espĂšces fourragĂšres pĂ©rennes en C3. Ces travaux montrent l'importance d'Ă©tudier le matĂ©riel d'origine mĂ©diterranĂ©enne : (1) comme modĂšle d'Ă©tude pertinent pour identifier les limites de la variabilitĂ© intraspĂ©cifique Ă  l'adaptation aux stress croissants et, (2) comme ressource gĂ©nĂ©tique d'intĂ©rĂȘt Ă  valoriser dans les schĂ©mas d'amĂ©lioration basĂ©s jusqu'Ă  prĂ©sent surtout sur du matĂ©riel d'origine tempĂ©rĂ©e, dans l'objectif de crĂ©er des variĂ©tĂ©s combinant une gamme de stratĂ©gies d'adaptation au changement climatique tout en prĂ©servant de bonnes performances agronomiques
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