Coping Strategies of Mothers having Children with Special Needs

Families with a child who has special health care needs experience life differently than other families. Mothers appear to carry the larger burden of care and may feel a need to be with their child at all times and experience stress related to coping with the heavy load of care giving. the current descriptive research design is aimed to identify existing coping strategies of mothers who have children with special needs and determine whether there is a relationship between the coping strategies and the mothers’ demographic variables. Mother's coping strategies were assessed using the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (F-COPES). The study concluded that there is significance relationship between age and both reframing and passive appraisal, as well as between birth order and mobilizing family to acquire and accept help. The study recommended that future research should be done on larger populations and additional research might address the coping strategies of other family members, such as siblings and the extended family. Key Wards : Coping strategies, mothers, children, special needs, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (F-COPES).

Nurses' perception of obstacles and supportive behaviors in providing end of life care to critically ill pediatric patients

Pediatric critical care nurses care for dying children daily. The process of dying in an intensive care unit is complicated, and research on specific obstacles that impede delivery of end-of-life care and/or supportive behaviors that help in delivery of end-of-life care in pediatric intensive care units is limited. So, this descriptive research design aimed to describe pediatric critical care nurses’ perceptions of obstacles to provide end-of-life care and supportive behaviors that help in providing end-of life care in the intensive care units. The study concluded that the most supportive behaviors in providing end- of- life care to critically ill pediatric patients that perceived by nurses were, nurses scheduled so that child receives continuity of care and physicians agreeing about direction of child care while the most obstacles behaviors in providing end- of- life care were, child having pain that is difficult to control or alleviate, nurse too busy offering life saving measures to provide quality end of life care and family continually calls the nurse for update rather than the designated contact person. The study recommended that future researches are needed to identify and implement ways to decrease highly perceived obstacles and to continue to support highly perceived supportive behaviors. Furthermore, differences between ICU and non-ICU staff members’ perceptions of end-of-life care are needed to be studied. Key Wards: Perception, obstacles, supportive behaviors, end of life care, critically ill, childre

Knowledge of Pediatric Critical Care Nurses Regarding Evidence Based Guidelines for Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a costly, preventable, and often fatal consequence of medical therapy that increases hospital and intensive care stays in mechanically ventilated patients. The prevention of VAP is primarily the responsibility of the bedside nurse whose knowledge, beliefs, and practices influence the health outcome of ICU patients. Unfortunately little is known about the degree of nursing knowledge on evidence based guidelines for  the  prevention  of  VAP. This descriptive study aimed to assess knowledge of pediatric critical care nurses regarding evidence based guidelines for prevention of VAP in both pediatric and neonatal  intensive care units. The current study revealed inadequate knowledge of pediatric critical care nurses regarding evidence based guidelines for prevention of ventilator associated. There is strong correlation between years of experiences, previous training on guidelines of prevention of VAP  and knowledge of nurses on the evidence based guidelines for prevention of VAP. Moreover, there is no correlation  between  age and knowledge of nurses on evidence based guidelines for prevention of VAP. The study concluded that written unit protocols should be present and reviewed regularly as updates and new evidence for best practice are constantly emerging and staff should be educated on the updated protocols. Keywords: Knowledge, pediatric critical care nurses, evidence based guidelines, Ventilator Associated      Pneumonia (VAP

The Relationship between use of Technology and Parent- Adolescents Social Relationship

Today’s adolescents have unprecedented access to modern technology and use them in expected and unexpected ways. Adolescents spend many hours a day using the technology, and the vast majority of them have access to Internet, cell phones, smart phone, video games and many other forms of modern technology. With the increased role of modern technology in the adolescents’ lives has come the increased concern about how adolescents might be affected. This may take them away from important social interactions that develop in-person relationships. A good parent-teen relationship is important for adolescent health and development. The more time spent on television, computers, cell phone and video games leads to a lower quality of attachment to parents. This descriptive correlation study was aimed to investigate the relationship between adolescents' use of technology and their parent' social relationship. The study was conducted on randomly selected Preparatory and Secondary Schools from two governorates, Egypt. The data was collected during the first term of academic year 2015/2016. The participants for this study were 230 students (92 boys and 138 girls), with their ages ranging from 12 to 18 years. The self-report questionnaire sheet was developed by the researchers. The study concluded that there was a highly statistical correlation between adolescents' technology usage and social interaction with their parents. The study recommended that Parents need to educate themselves about social media and the ways their teens may use it, as well as the common risks, to help them understand and navigate the technologies. Moreover, parents' discussions are positive for teens and can result in less risky online behaviors. Future researches are needed to consider interviewing both parent and child together at the same time to get both parties’ perspectives on the same issues discussed. Key Wards: Technology, Parent, Adolescents, Teen age, Youth, Social Relationship

Developing Proactive Protocol for Blood-borne and Body Fluids Infections Prevention among Students of Health Professional Colleges in King Khalid University

Background: Exposure to blood and body fluids is an important hazard for health professional students, which places them at a high risk for blood-borne infections. They are exposed to blood-borne diseases most commonly through accidental needle sticks and sharp injuries. Blood-borne infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The introduction of safety measures guide to prevent accidental blood-borne infections in health professional college curricula are essential. Hence, the present study aims develop proactive protocol for prevention of blood borne and body fluids infections among nursing, medical, and dental students in King Khalid University. Setting; the study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Dental, and Nursing in University Center for the Study of Female Students at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia. Subjects; a purposive sample of 300 female students, 130 from nursing, 126 from medical, and 44 from dental program were included in the present study. Tool; a questionnaire sheet developed by researchers based on reviewing related literature and consists of five parts was used for data collection. Results and Conclusion; the majority of studied participants reported the needle-stick injuries occur when drawing intravenous blood and giving patient intravenous injection, the primary factor lead to sharp injures is broken some ampoule and using sharp instruments, they need to know preventive and precautions to prevent blood-born infection and equipment uses to avoid it. Also it was found no significant difference between participant students regarding their attitude toward standard percussion and preventive measures for blood borne infection. Recommendations; Findings of the present study have important implication for developing a Proactive Protocol of Blood-borne and Body Fluids Infections prevention among students of nursing, medical, dental colleges. This focused on proactive and controlling blood-borne infection diseases, needle-stick, and sharp injuries and lead to a healthy life of students. Key words: proactive protocol, blood-borne infection, Needle stick injuries, Sharps injuries, health professional collages Abbreviations: HCWs healthcare workers, HIV immunodeficiency virus, HBV hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, NSISIs needle stick & sharp injuries, OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration, PEP post-exposure prophylaxis, CDC Disease Control and Prevention, SPs standard precautions, UP universal precautions, BBFEs blood and body fluid exposures, PPE personnel protective equipment.

Effect of Instructional Sessions on Nurses' and Doctors' Knowledge and Practice regarding Developmental Care in NICU in Abha City

Preterm / low birth weight (LBW) infant is a live born infant delivered before 37 weeks from the first day of last menstrual period (LMP). It represents the highest percentage of high risk group and accounts for the largest number of admissions to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Preterm infants can develop a range of problems because their organs are not mature and an unfavorable environment in the neonatal intensive care unit may compound this morbidity. Developmental care (DC) is a non-traditional kind of care and it represents a framework for practice in NICU which optimizes this environment through reducing its stresses, help preterm infants cope better with this environment and has been proposed to ensure healthy outcomes for premature babies. These interventions include reducing noise and light, control of external stimuli, minimal handling, kangaroo care ( KC; skin-to-skin contact between an infant and parent), co-bedding, positioning or swaddling, clustering of nursery care activities, and giving longer rest periods. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of instructional sessions on nurses' and doctors' knowledge and practice regarding developmental care in NICU in Abha city. The study was conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in both Abha General Hospital and Asser Central Hospital, Abha city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study involved 54 nurses and 12 doctors. A pre - post assessment questionnaire was developed after extensive literature review and validated by the research investigators to measure the knowledge and practice of nurses and doctors before and after the instructional sessions. The study concluded that there was change in nurses and doctors' knowledge about developmental care post instructional session's implementation. Furthermore, nurses' practice regarding developmental care was improved post instructional session's implementation which means that  the  instructional sessions had an effective role in enhancing both their knowledge and their practice. The study recommended that when designing a new neonatal intensive care unit or refitting an older one with more modern equipment, the infrastructure and design of it must be suitable to facilitate the application of developmental care. Moreover, the economic impact of the implementation and maintenance of developmental care practices should be considered by individual institutions. Key Wards: Developmental care, premature and low birth weight infants, neonatal intensive care unit

Impact of applying virtual reality computer games on complications among children undergoing chemotherapy

Background: Virtual reality computer games are often used to district child attention during chemotherapy. As it is an attractive intervention to prevent complications such as nausea and vomiting among children undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of applying virtual reality computer games on complications among children undergoing chemotherapy. Research design: A Quasi-experimental design was utilized for this study (study /control group). Subjects: A purposive sample of 100 children undergoing chemotherapy was equally and randomly assigned into two groups, the first was the control group and the second was the virtual reality computer games group. Setting: The study was conducted years at the Oncology Institute in Sohag City. Tools: Tool one: A structured interviewing questionnaire and Tool two: Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting Likert scale was utilized for collecting the data. Results: The current study results revealed that there a statistically significant difference was detected among the studied children as regards the occurrence frequency of nausea per 24 hours post the intervention compared to pre the intervention. A statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups as regards vomiting before and after the intervention

The impact of educational guidelines-based video-assisted on nurses' performance regarding pediatric blood transfusion-dependent β- thalassemia major

Background: Patients with thalassemia major require significant setup management of routine blood transfusion each three to four weeks, and chelation treatment to push out iron from the body makes a refinement that creates well again the result. Aim: To determine the impact of educational guidelines based on video-assisted on nurses' performance regarding pediatric blood transfusion-dependent β- thalassemia major. Methods: Design: To carry out the current investigation, a quasi-experimental research design was employed. Settings: The study was carried out in inpatient and outpatient pediatric departments affiliated with Mansoura University Hospitals. Subjects: All 50 nurses who were included in the convenient sample. Tools of data collection: Tool 1: A structured interviewing questionnaire, consisting of three parts; part 1: Nurses’ demographic data, part 2: and Nurses’ knowledge Questionnaire; Tool 2: Routine Blood Transfusion Knowledge Questionnaire; and Tool (3): Nurses’ observational checklists. Results: Following educational guidelines based on video-assisted, a considerable improvement was found in nurses' overall knowledge and practices addressing pediatric blood transfusion-dependent -thalassemia major. Additionally, there was a correlation between all nurses' knowledge and practices after the implementation of the educational guidelines based on video-assisted learning