MARINE: Man-in-the-middle attack resistant trust model IN connEcted vehicles

Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET), a novel technology holds a paramount importance within the transportation domain due to its abilities to increase traffic efficiency and safety. Connected vehicles propagate sensitive information which must be shared with the neighbors in a secure environment. However, VANET may also include dishonest nodes such as Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) attackers aiming to distribute and share malicious content with the vehicles, thus polluting the network with compromised information. In this regard, establishing trust among connected vehicles can increase security as every participating vehicle will generate and propagate authentic, accurate and trusted content within the network. In this paper, we propose a novel trust model, namely, Man-in-the-middle Attack Resistance trust model IN connEcted vehicles (MARINE), which identifies dishonest nodes performing MiTM attacks in an efficient way as well as revokes their credentials. Every node running MARINE system first establishes trust for the sender by performing multi-dimensional plausibility checks. Once the receiver verifies the trustworthiness of the sender, the received data is then evaluated both directly and indirectly. Extensive simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance and accuracy of MARINE rigorously across three MiTM attacker models and the bench-marked trust model. Simulation results show that for a network containing 35% MiTM attackers, MARINE outperforms the state of the art trust model by 15%, 18%, and 17% improvements in precision, recall and F-score, respectively.N/A

Towards Divine Economics: Some Testable Propositions

Throughout the human history, the religion has remained a fundamental feature of social construct and human behaviour. Religious orientation plays important role in shaping human perceptions about economic and non-economic activities. With few exceptions, religion has remained an un-explored area in economics. For most economists, narrative and metaphor have no place in a rational choice theory, which is a wrong belief. In fact, any approach that considers behavioural laws satisfying the criteria of objectivity, reproducibility, and refutability is scientific and falls in purview of rational choice framework. A few studies, however, do exist on economics of religion under rational choice concerning to households, groups, and entire “religious markets”. [Becker (1976); Iannaccone (1988, 1990, 1992, 1993); Mack and Leigland (1992)]. Rosenberg (1985) presents discussion of the limitations of neoclassical economic theory due to its reliance on exogenous differences in taste and preference. It is argued that these limitations cannot be circumvented by findings and theories in other disciplines (e.g., psychology), because any measurement of preferences must begin with neoclassical assumptions about rationality. The alternative to tasteendogeniety advanced by [Becker (1976)] is found to only circumvent the usual difficulties if “stable preferences” notion is interpreted as needs. Further advancement is not taking place because of the important heterogeneous variables, which have yet received little attention from economists. Such variables may be found in attitudes and values acquired by consumers in variety of social and religious environments.

Are Islamic Equity Indices More Efficient Than Their Conventional Counterparts? Evidence from Major Global Index Families

The Islamic financial institutions are gaining popularity in recent years. Although this popularity and increasing number of Islamic financial organizations, the Pragmatic research on this topic is less. This pragmatic study will find out the competency of Islamic indices using various statistical techniques. This study also intend to find out the if there is chances to invest in multiple businesses within the Shariah-obedient indices and also check the connection between traditional indices and Shariah-obedient using correlation technique. The sample will include four indices, two of them will comprise of Islamic Shariah-obedient indices and the other two comprise of traditional one. This study disclose that the in competencies intensity of Islamic indices and traditional are same while the indices of MSCI and FTSE is less incompetent. In order to check the relationship between Islamic indices, the correlation technique is used  which disclose that Islamic indices of Dow Jones and Standard & poor have negative correlation value with their benchmark, which means that the favorable situation to invest in multiple businesses exist that analysis interpreted as  if one indices are not getting profit or facing loss in business then at the same time other indices are gaining profit which thus lower the overall risk of the portfolio and hence provide the favorable circumstances to invest. Key words: Islamic finance, indices, diversification, co integration, efficiency, variance ratios