Solidaridad Obligacional Pasiva

La solidaridad obligacional pasiva es un régimen jurídico que pueden seguir las obligaciones y que refuerza la posición del acreedor en contra de la parte pasiva de la obligación, que estará formada por una pluralidad de sujetos. En el presente trabajo se va a realizar una exposición de las características que aparecen en las obligaciones con solidaridad pasiva y se realiza un estudio de los problemas doctrinales que han ido apareciendo entorno a esta figura. Primero se va a analizar las obligaciones que presentan una pluralidad de sujetos, estableciendo las diferencias más relevantes entre las deudas mancomunadas y las deudas solidarias objeto de estudio del presente trabajo. Una vez vista esta diferencia se realizará un análisis de las características más relevantes de la solidaridad pasiva, prestando especial atención a las controversias doctrinales y soluciones jurisprudenciales que han ido surgiendo y las diferentes posturas que defienden cada una de ellas. A lo largo de todo el trabajo queda latente la importancia de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia a la hora de interpretar los preceptos legales relativos a la solidaridad.Grado en Derecho y Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Fondos de Inversión

Los fondos de inversión son un instrumento muy utilizado por los particulares para colocar sus ahorros y obtener una rentabilidad a cambio de ello. En este trabajo se va a realizar un análisis de los fundamentos de esta institución de inversión colectiva, prestando especial atención a los elementos que lo conforman, como los partícipes y la sociedad gestora y la entidad depositaria. Además clasificaremos a los fondos atendiendo a los principales criterios existentes en la literatura, analizaremos las participaciones, centrándonos en la suscripción, traspaso y rembolso, y estudiaremos su rentabilidad, riesgo y algunos ratios que los ponen en relación. Después de analizar la fiscalidad, sobre todo desde la perspectiva del inversor individual, terminaremos analizando algunos de los fondos más destacados del último año. De este análisis, se puede observar como existe un fondo de inversión, Santander Small Caps España, que destaca por encima del resto; y otro fondo, Sabadell España Dividendo Base, que a pesar de tener unos valores no muy buenos en años anteriores, ha tenido una gran rentabilidad en el último año.Investment funds are instruments widely used by individuals to place their savings and to obtain a rent in return. In this work, an analysis of the basis of this collective investment institution will be carried out, paying special attention to the elements that comprise it, such as the participants and the management company and the depository entity. We will also classify the funds according to the main existing criteria in the literature, analyze the participations focusing on the subscription, transfer and reimbursement, and we will study its profitability, risk and some ratios that put them in relation. After analyzing the taxation, especially from the perspective of the individual investor, we will end up analyzing some of the most outstanding funds the last year. From this analysis, we can observe how there is an investment fund, Santander Small Caps España, that stands out above the rest; and another fund, Sabadell España Dividendo Base, which despite having not very good values in previous years, has had a large profitability in the last year.Departamento de Economía AplicadaGrado en Derecho y Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Truncating FLNC Mutations Are Associated With High-Risk Dilated and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathies

BACKGROUND: Filamin C (encoded by the FLNC gene) is essential for sarcomere attachment to the plasmatic membrane. FLNC mutations have been associated with myofibrillar myopathies, and cardiac involvement has been reported in some carriers. Accordingly, since 2012, the authors have included FLNC in the genetic screening of patients with inherited cardiomyopathies and sudden death. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the association between truncating mutations in FLNC and the development of high-risk dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies. METHODS: FLNC was studied using next-generation sequencing in 2,877 patients with inherited cardiovascular diseases. A characteristic phenotype was identified in probands with truncating mutations in FLNC. Clinical and genetic evaluation of 28 affected families was performed. Localization of filamin C in cardiac tissue was analyzed in patients with truncating FLNC mutations using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Twenty-three truncating mutations were identified in 28 probands previously diagnosed with dilated, arrhythmogenic, or restrictive cardiomyopathies. Truncating FLNC mutations were absent in patients with other phenotypes, including 1,078 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Fifty-four mutation carriers were identified among 121 screened relatives. The phenotype consisted of left ventricular dilation (68%), systolic dysfunction (46%), and myocardial fibrosis (67%); inferolateral negative T waves and low QRS voltages on electrocardiography (33%); ventricular arrhythmias (82%); and frequent sudden cardiac death (40 cases in 21 of 28 families). Clinical skeletal myopathy was not observed. Penetrance was >97% in carriers older than 40 years. Truncating mutations in FLNC cosegregated with this phenotype with a dominant inheritance pattern (combined logarithm of the odds score: 9.5). Immunohistochemical staining of myocardial tissue showed no abnormal filamin C aggregates in patients with truncating FLNC mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Truncating mutations in FLNC caused an overlapping phenotype of dilated and left-dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies complicated by frequent premature sudden death. Prompt implantation of a cardiac defibrillator should be considered in affected patients harboring truncating mutations in FLNC.Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI11/0699, PI14/0967, PI14/01477, RD012/0042/0029, RD012/0042/0049, RD012/0042/0066, RD12/0042/0069]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SAF2015-71863-REDT]; Plan Nacional de I+D+I; Plan Estatalde I+D+I, European Regional Development Fund; Health in Code SLS

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Scientific capacity and industrial development as locomotors of international competitiveness in Latin America

Different bodies of literature emphasise the separate impact of the manufacturing sector and scientific capacity for competitiveness in developing countries. Scientific knowledge can increase productivity and promote innovation, while the manufacturing sector creates spillovers and generates processes of learning-by-doing. Yet, do these two processes complement each other? Do they, together, contribute to even higher international competitiveness? This paper explores these questions, drawing on an eleven-years panel data set for ten South American economies. We develop a moderation hypothesis model based on the congruence between science, industry, and international competitiveness. Our results support our hypothesis that scientific capacity and manufacturing development have a joint impact on international competitiveness that goes beyond their marginal effects and thus calls for future efforts to implement industrial policy

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe