64 research outputs found
How Pakistan is coping with the Challenge of High Oil Prices
The paper is a review of possible consequences and challenges presented by high oil prices in Pakistan. Pakistan is heavily dependent on imported fuels and this dependence is expected to increase even further in future given the depleting gas resources. The rising oil prices in the international market has had effected negatively balance of payment position as well as on the budgetary position of the country and contributed in creating inflationary pressures in the economy. For long run development oil will remain an important source of energy. The government should chalk out strategies for ensuring efficiency in use; and development, adequacy and reliability of supply. Unless appropriate steps are taken this trend of rising oil prices will further aggravate the negative impacts on the economy.Oil; Prices; Deregulation; Pakistan; Macro-economy
Effectiveness of Regulatory Structure in the Power Sector of Pakistan
This paper is an attempt to study the regulatory environment in the electricity sector of Pakistan. NEPRA, a regulatory authority was formed in 1997 to protect consumer interests in the area of electricity provision, and to ensure an efficient and competitive environment for the electricity generators and distributors, but it has so far not been able to achieve anything. The power sector (dominated by WAPDA and KESC) is still affected by institutional and organisational weaknesses, with inefficient and non-optimal tariffs, high line losses, and high level of corruption. It has been found weak administrative governance in NEPRA in the form of lack of autonomy, resulting in the overall institutional inability to carry out the desired functions effectively. In addition, NEPRA is lacked in professional expertise to supervise and control the power sector and establish a rational and equitable pricing regime.Electricity, NEPRA, Pakistan, Reforms, Regulation
Crude Oil Price, Monetary Policy and Output: The Case of Pakistan
This paper has analysed the impact of rising crude oil prices on output. Crude oil prices and real output are found to be strongly related, and this relationship has a bellshape. That is, when crude oil prices are below the critical level (i.e., 22 $s/bbl), the relationship between crude oil prices and real output is positive; whereas when the crude oil price rises and exceeds that critical level the relationship becomes negative. Moreover, high debt-GDP ratio, high deficit spending, and high real effective exchange rate would have a negative impact on output. While the existence of foreign exchange reserves and capital investment would cause output to rise.Oil Prices, Output, Pakistan, Macroeconomy
Naila Kabeer, Geetha B. Nambissan, and Ramya Subrahmanian. Child Labour and the Right to Education in South Asia: Needs versus Rights? New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2003. 412 pages. Paperback. Indian Rs 365.00.
The volume is based on the proceedings of a workshop,
organised on the issue of child labour and the right to education. The
studies in the volume reflect on topics related to the problems of
universalising education in South Asia. All the studies are based on the
experience of either Bangladesh or India, with the exception of one or
two studies where a comparison with other South Asian countries is
considered. The problem of child labour is quite widespread in South
Asia and that has prevented children in these societies from
participating in schooling. At the same time, there are children who are
neither at school nor at work. The reason identified for this is not
only poverty but also the school system, as well as discrimination on
the basis of caste, gender, tribal, or religious reasons. The volume
generally examines the patterns of social discrimination and how this
problem has been aggravated by the formal educational system. It also
reflects on policy interventions addressing the problem—the efforts by
the government, on the one hand, and by the non-governmental
organisations, on the other
Debt and Economic Growth in South Asia
After 1980s, in most developing countries, the rate of debt accumulation and increase in debt servicing are highlighted as major factors affecting the growth rate of output. Most of these countries lost their competitiveness in the international market mainly as a result of insufficient exchange rate adjustments. In addition, the weakening of terms of trade, economic mismanagement and crisis of governance also lowered growth rates in the developing countries. The downward pressure was larger in the countries facing higher debt burden as these countries faced higher interest rates, decline in the external resource inflow, lower export earnings, lower domestic output and lower imports. In case of South Asian countries, the external debt scenario has changed over time. According to World Bank (2001) Pakistan’s ranking worsened to ‘severely-indebted low income country’ from ‘moderately-indebted low income country’ in 1997, where as India’s ranking improved to ‘less indebted low income’ country from ‘moderately indebted’ in 1997. The rapid accumulation of debt, rising repayment burden and the economically and politically resource inflow or rescheduling motivated rescheduling of debt (as in case of Pakistan) has raised concerns regarding the impact of debt on the growth process of the South Asian countries. Khanobis and Bari (2001) claim that foreign resource inflow increased the resource availability and as a result it contributed to economic growth in South Asia. However, the study does not examine the effect of debt accumulation on economic growth. In this paper, given the diversity of growth experience, we examine the impact of rising debt burden on economic growth of South Asian countries.
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