Comparison of Commercial and Locally Identified Yeast Strains in Relation to Young Wine Quality of Cabernet Sauvignon

The present study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation efficiency of locally identified yeast strains againstthe commercial yeast preparations in the case of Cabernet Sauvignon wines. For this purpose, must of CabernetSauvignon was inoculated separately with three each of commercial (KIV 1116, EC 1118 and Premier Cuvee) andlocally identified (RS1, RS2 and RS3) yeast strains. The physicochemical parameters of wines made with these twogroups of yeast strains showed significant differences during fermentation. The pH values ranged from 3.40 to 3.55,which fall in the agreeable limit. The minimum alcohol content, i.e. 10.32%, was found in the wine with maximumreducing sugars. Wine made from the inoculation of strain EC 1118 contained 11.06% alcohol. The anthocyanincontent differed significantly among all the yeast strains. The maximum anthocyanin content was found in wineprepared from RS1 (15.70 g/l). Maximum colour intensity (14.66) was observed in the RS2 yeast strain. The winesmade from locally identified yeast strains contained more antioxidant reducing power (FRAP) than commerciallyavailable yeast strains. Significant differences were noted among the yeast strains in relation to FRAP values. Thelocally identified yeast strains were found to be on par with commercial yeast strains. These strains can be used forfurther studies on other important varieties

Influence of Rootstocks on Growth Yield and Fruit Composition of Thompson Seedless Grapes Grown in the Pune Region of India

The use of rootstocks is gaining importance in Indian viticulture due to problems associated with abiotic stresses,such as drought and salinity, and also to improve scion characteristics. Thompson Seedless is the only commercialcultivar grown for both fresh consumption and raisin making. Dog Ridge was the only popular rootstock usedby grape growers prior to late 1990s. But this rootstock was known to induce more vigour in scions, resulting inreduced bud fruitfulness and thereby fruit yield. To identify alternate rootstocks suitable for Thompson Seedless, astudy was initiated in the National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India during the year 2001. Five rootstockswith own rooted vines were evaluated in this study. During the initial years, Thompson Seedless grafted on DogRidge produced the highest yield, with good quality fruit. Over the years we could observe uneven bud sprouting,gaps on the cordon due to dead wood formation, and reduced yield in vines grafted on Dog Ridge rootstocks. Incontrast, Thompson Seedless grafted on 110R performed well in terms of moderate vigour, increased fruitfulnessand consistently higher yield. Dog Ridge and St. George produced a lower yield, owing to increased vigour measuredin terms of pruning weight, total shoot length and cane diameter. Rootstocks 110R, 1103P and 99R are also known toincrease water-use efficiency during critical growth stages of fruit bud differentiation and full bloom. No significantinfluence of rootstocks was observed for most of the fruit composition parameters. Larger and bolder berries wereproduced on Dog ridge and 110R rootstock, while they were the smallest on own rooted vines

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Not AvailableGrape is considered as one of the important fruit crops in India. It is being grown mainly in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Among the different white seedless grape grown in different parts of country, Thompson Seedless is most popular among the growers. The productivity of grape showed reduction when grown on own roots after few years of heavy fruiting. This is because of the gradual build up of salinity in soil, chlorides in irrigation water and also scarcity of water. To sustain the grape production under these adverse conditions, growers are establishing their vineyards on Dog Ridge rootstock.Not Availabl

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Not Available‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes grafted on five rootstocks and ownrooted vines were evaluated for yield, fruit composition, and raisin recovery percentage. Biochemical constituents were analyzed in fresh grapes before drying into raisins and also in raisins. Among different rootstocks, raisin recovery was highest in ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes grafted on 110 R followed by those on ‘Dogridge’, 1103 P and 99 R. Significant differences were observed in total proteins, reducing sugars, phenol contents, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in both fresh grapes and raisins made from all rootstock scion combinations. Increase in the content of proteins and reducing sugars was observed in raisins compared to fresh grapes. However, there was a reduction in phenolic concentrations in raisins compared to fresh grapes. PPO activity was highest in ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes grafted on ‘Dogridge’, while it was least in 110 R.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGrape byproducts are a rich source of phenolics having immense medicinal properties, but usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. The present study investigates the phenolic antioxidants and the insulinotropic effect of extracts prepared from seed, skin and stems of two red wine grape cultivars: Pusa Navarang and Merlot. Pusa Navarang cultivar has shown high amounts of total phenolics (95.8 mg/ml), flavonoids (30.5 mg/ml) and flavan - 3 - ols (21.8 mg/ml) in seed extract and total anthocyanin (4.9 mg/ml) in its skin extract as compared to Merlot cultivar. As determined using HPLC, higher amounts of catechin hydrate (14909 mg/l) and epicatechin (9299 mg/l) were observed in its seed extract, while quercetin hydrate (5849 mg/l) was abundant in its skin extract. Similarly, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ABTS+. [2,2′ - azinobis (3 - ethylbenzothiazoline) - 6 - sulfonic acid] and DPPH. (1,1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhy - drazyl) radicals scavenging, were higher in its seed extract, respectively being 134.8 mg/ml of Quercetin equivalent (QE), 18.7 mM of trolox equivalent (TE) and 33.5 mM of TE. Strong correlation was obtained between FRAP and total phenolics, flavonoids and flavan - 3 - ols contents with correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.915, 0.738 and 0.838 respectively. Interestingly, there was a 2–8 fold increase in insulin secretion by isolated mice pancreatic islets at 5.5 mM and 16.5 mM glucose concentration in presence of various extracts. Overall, the seed, skin and stem byproducts of both cultivars are rich sources of phenolics and antioxidants and represent a source of new insulin secretagogues.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA single quadrupole GC–MS method was optimized for multiresidue determination of 47 pesticides in grapes with limit of quantifications of each compound in compliance with the EU-MRL requirements. Sample preparation involved extraction of 10 g sample with 10 ml ethyl acetate ( + 10 g sodium sulphate) by homogenization at 15,000 rpm followed by centrifugation at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was cleaned by dispersive solid phase extraction with primary secondary amine and acidified with 0.1% formic acid. Residues were estimated in selected ion monitoring mode with programmable temperature vaporizer-large volume injection (8 μl). All the GC and MS parameters were thoroughly optimized to achieve satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.99) within 0.01–0.25 mg kg−1 with minimum matrix interferences. Recoveries at 0.01 and 0.02 mg kg−1 were within 67–120% with associated precision RSD below 19%. The method was successfully applied for analysis of the real world samples for incurred residues.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe main objective of this study was to evaluate fine wine lees in value addition of ice cream besides appropriate use of byproduct of wine industry. The fine wine lees was collected from 2nd racking of Cabernet Sauvignon wine. Standard methodology of ice cream making was followed and 5, 10, 20, 40 g/kg fine wine lees was added at homogenization stage. The physico-chemical parameters of ice cream were significantly affected over the control. The antioxidant properties comprising DPPH, phenols and anthocyanins content were also significantly increased in comparison to control. The rheological activities viz.; melting and specific gravity also influenced in positive way. With the increased doses of fine lees, colour intensity was also increased. As per results based on sensory evaluation, the ice cream prepared by adding 20 g/kg (T4) was recorded with higher values of acceptance for flavour, texture, taste, body and overall acceptability while in case of colour, addition of 40 g/kg (T5) had more acceptability than other treatments. The result of present study indicates that the addition of fine wine lees was found to improve the physic-chemical, rheological and sensory properties of ice cream. As per sensory evaluation, addition of 20 g/kg lees was found best among the treatments. However, wine grape variety, quality of grapes, fermentation temperature, yeast strain, racking duration, type of lees, and stage of lees addition may affect the acceptability of wine lees adding in ice cream.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe use of rootstocks is gaining importance in Indian viticulture due to problems associated with abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, and also to improve scion characteristics. Thompson Seedless is the only commercial cultivar grown for both fresh consumption and raisin making. Dog Ridge was the only popular rootstock used by grape growers prior to late 1990s. But this rootstock was known to induce more vigour in scions, resulting in reduced bud fruitfulness and thereby fruit yield. To identify alternate rootstocks suitable for Thompson Seedless, a study was initiated in the National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India during the year 2001. Five rootstocks with own rooted vines were evaluated in this study. During the initial years, Thompson Seedless grafted on Dog Ridge produced the highest yield, with good quality fruit. Over the years we could observe uneven bud sprouting, gaps on the cordon due to dead wood formation, and reduced yield in vines grafted on Dog Ridge rootstocks. In contrast, Thompson Seedless grafted on 110R performed well in terms of moderate vigour, increased fruitfulness and consistently higher yield. Dog Ridge and St. George produced a lower yield, owing to increased vigour measured in terms of pruning weight, total shoot length and cane diameter. Rootstocks 110R, 1103P and 99R are also known to increase water-use efficiency during critical growth stages of fruit bud differentiation and full bloom. No significant influence of rootstocks was observed for most of the fruit composition parameters. Larger and bolder berries were produced on Dog ridge and 110R rootstock, while they were the smallest on own rooted vines.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field dissipation study was conducted to evaluate the pre-harvest interval (PHI) and processing factor (PF) for kresoxim methyl (Ergon 44.3 SC) residues in grapes and during raisin making process at recommended dose (RD) and double the recommended dose (DRD). Kresoxim methyl residues dissipated following 1st-order kinetics with a half-life of 10 and 18 days at RD and DRD, respectively. The PHIs with respect to the European Union maximum residue limit (EU-MRL) of 1 mg/kg for grapes were 13 and 30 days at RD and DRD, respectively. The degradation data during grape to raisin making process were best fitted to nonlinear 1st+1st-order kinetics with a half-life ranging between 4 and 8 days for both shade drying and with raisin dryer at different doses. The PFs were 1.19 and 1.24 with shade drying and 1.09 and 1.10 with raisin dryer, respectively, which indicates concentration of the residues during raisin making process. The dietary exposure of kresoxim methyl on each sampling day was less than the respective maximum permissible intake both at RD and DRD. The residues of kresoxim methyl in market samples of grapes and raisins were well below the EU-MRL and were also devoid of any risk of acute toxicity related to dietary exposure.Not Availabl