Antibacterial Activities of Selected Fruit Peels against Organisms Associated with Urinary Tract Infection

The use of natural products as anti-infective agents, have given rise to new chemical diversity and are preferred in modern world. Among all these natural sources, plants and its products is more reliable because of its renewability.Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases occurring in either the community or healthcare setting. Orange and Plantain peels were used to determine the antibacterialactivities. A measure of 50 grams of powder was filled in the thimble and extracted with 150 ml of ethanol successively up to 48 hours. The solvent extracts were concentrated separately under reduced pressure, 2g of each concentrated solvent extracts weredissolved in 20 ml of 20% dimethyl sulphoxide and used for antibacterial assays using agar well diffusion and broth method. The phytochemical analysis of sweet orange peel shows that carbohydrate, reducing sugars, tannins and flavonoids were present, The zone of inhibition effect of the extracts on selected organism was concentration dependent (25<50<75<100). Higher concentration of extract recordedlarger/wider effect on each test organism.Musa paradisiacalpeel showed no effect on test organism except at 100mg/ml that recorded 4.7±0.47mm against E. coligrowth. The MIC and MBC of both orange peel and plantain peels suggest potency against test organisms.Orange peel has advantage over plantain peel;S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosawere susceptible tothe extract exemptingK. pneumonia, whichshowed no susceptibility to the duo extracts. The peels of Citrus sinensisand Musa paradisiacalexhibited inhibitory activity against certain bacteria, which can be attributed to the presence of certain secondary metabolites. But when compared with standard antibiotics, the ethanoic extracts of the duo was less efficient as there was a smaller size of zone of inhibition against the luxurious growth of tested organism

Antimicrobial Activities of Different Honeys Sold in Ado-Ekiti on Bacteria Associated with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Honey has been used for various purposes including treatment of some diseases locally especially in wounds and upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). There is paucity of information on the scientific basis for the use of honey in the treatment of uppe r respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria. This study was carried out to determine antibacterial activities of different brands of honey marketed in Ado-Ekiti and relate with those of some orthodox antibiotics used in the treatment of URTIs. The an timicrobial activities of the honeys were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar well diffusion technique. Broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the honey against the bacteria. Screening concentrations of neat honey and 80% honey inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae with zone of inhibition ranging between 2-10 mm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all concentrations of honeys except for one honey (Dr Bee) that inhibited the organism at 100% concentration. Orthodox antibiotics showed significantly higher mean zone of inhibition in relation to honey (P < 0.001). The sensitive organisms were inhibited in dose related manner. The mean MIC of the different honey brands was generally at 31.25% against Staphylococcus aureus while concentration of 50% showed bactericidal effect on S. aureus. Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited at mean concentration of 31.5% and bactericidal effect was observed against the organism at 40% mean concentration