Preparation and Characterization of Barium Titanate Nano Particles Using Solution Combustion

Ferroelectric materials are gaining increased importance as a result of their high dielectric constants making them useful for electrical capacitors, high piezoelectric constants to make sensors, actuators, RF Filters, ferroelectric hysteresis suit making non-volatile memories, high pyroelectric properties for infra-red detectors, thermistors, and strong electro-optic effects to be used in optical switches, data storage, etc. Barium titanate undergoes change in shape from perovskite into cubic structure Curie temperature which causes polarization, or spontaneous, polarization. Many techniques were described for the synthesis of Barium titanate including solid-state reaction, sol-gel method, hydrothermal and solution combustion. Solution combustion. The last method offers good control of the properties to meet specific requirements of the products and allows the preparation of nanomaterials  to suit energy saving and protection of environment made it attractive for many purposes. In the present work barium titanate is synthesized as submicro to nano sized particles using the solution combustion technique utilizing urea and glycerin as fuel / oxidant mixture. The experimental parameters were varied to suit the optimization of the process

Prevalence of Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Center in Bab-Al-Moudham

Background: Anemia is define as decreased hemoglobin level, or circulating red blood cells and it is the most common hematological disorder during pregnancy. Objective(s): To identify prevalence of anemia, risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of anemia, and to explain the main types of anemia during pregnancy. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross- sectional study conducted at primary health care  in Bab- Al-Moudham center in Baghdad city, the sample was selected by non- probability (convenient sampling) and sample size (150). The study started from 1nd March to 10th June 2012, the data was collected by direct interview technique.  Previous questionnaire was structured by the researchers to measure the variable of the study; these information infants include (age, educational level, number of children, type of delivery, and type of feeding, .etc). Results: The results shows that most frequent age group was (2-29) years, (34.7%) of mothers were primary school graduate and about (54%) of the pregnant women with anemia had no abortion and no bleeding. Conclusions: The study concluded that higher percentage of pregnant mothers was low rate hemoglobin. Recommendations: The study recommended that encourage pregnant mothers to visit primary health care centers early and regularly and take drugs that prevent the occurrence of anemia during pregnancy period.