Study of natural bitumen of Nagornoye deposit, Troitskneft JSC (the Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation) aimed at processing options determination

© 2014, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All Rights Reserved. The cost of natural bitumen production at present is very high and 3-5 times exceeds the cost of conventional oils production; the technology developers are facing the challenge of developing processes which allow producing high sale price products at a low cost. The present study was aimed at finding out the composition and properties of natural bitumen from Nagornoye deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan (JSC Troitskneft) to determine the possible ways for its processing as well as to definite the processing options. A conclusion made, that the production of residual bitumen of the high-viscosity oils and natural bitumen of Tatarstan Republic (as well as any other region having raw materials with similar composition) will contribute to increase in their production volume and quality by means of compounding of residual and air-blown bitumen, as in this particular case their advantages are combined. In addition, this will contribute to solution of the problem related to introduction of water-bitumen emulsions and bitumen-polymer binders into the road construction of Tatarstan Republic. The use of natural bitumen for production of various commercial bitumen marks and various bitumen products, makes its recovery economically feasible as its conventional recovery and transportation is noncompetitive against conventional oils. At the same time, profitability of a pure bitumen option can be increased by means of a bitumen-fuel option, provided that the diesel fraction is brought in full compliance with the GOST for S (summer), W (winter) and A (arctic) marks of diesel fuel

Developing reagents to reduce the flow resistance in the liquid stream

© Copyright 2016.It was established that the best efficiency for reduction of the hydraulic friction in condition of the closed circulating loop has reagent compositions D 157 (diproksamine) + CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), and MEA (monoethanolamine) + CMC. With increasing of water content up to 35 % the highest efficiency of the compositions of the reactants is observed due to the increase of the effect of Toms, according to the theory, the action of a composition can be managed in a needed way by choosing the right water-soluble and oil-soluble portions of reagents, affecting water and the hydrocarbon parts in the emulsion so that to achieve a certain Toms effect. With increasing of water content in oil emulsion up to 70 % and above, the addition of the reagent becomes ineffective. By experimental results we can expect a high economic effect in the practical use of the reagents, since the effectiveness of some of the reactants compared to the pumping oil emulsion without reactants reaches 35 %

Thermal-steam cyclic processing technology of development objects in Karazhanbas Kazakhstan field

Background: This paper investigates the Karazhanbas oil field, according to the development condition and with application of impact thermal methods on layer. For this purpose, simultaneous application of thermal-steam cyclic wells processing are utilized. Methods: At the first step, geological structure data are provided on new wells. Then various indexes such as in homogeneity, filtration and capacitor properties of layer-collectors, physical and chemical properties analysis and petroleum composition are evaluated. Results: The statistical analysis on wells processing is conducted and the main factors which has the most effects are specified. On the basis of the analysis, the optimum mode of carrying out Thermal-Steam Well Processing (TSWP) is determined. Results demonstrate that productions with water content are optimal. Finally technological and economic effects of carrying out processing are proposed. Conclusion: The payback period of TSWP costs is about 1 year, in other words, the extra initial costs are covered over a year

Characteristic features of the hydrocarbon composition of Spiridonovskoe (Tatarstan) and Pitch Lake (Trinidad and Tobago) asphaltites

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.A comparative study of the composition of natural asphaltites from surface deposits of oil-and-gas territories of the republics of Tatarstan and Trinidad and Tobago has been performed. Distinctive features of their component, structural-group, and hydrocarbon compositions have been revealed, as well as the fractional and structural-group composition of asphaltenes. It has been shown that the interlayer space in asphaltenes (dispersed phase) contains part of the dispersion medium, the composition of which stores information about the origin of asphaltites due to upward streams of deep waxy oil that has undergone both hydrothermal and bacterial alteration during migration and subsequent transformations

Folk songs do magic in teaching speech and grammar patterns in EFL class

The authors in searching for new ways and stimuli of teaching vocabulary and grammar to students in EFL class present their own vision of meeting the challenge. In this study it was hypothesized that folk songs significantly stimulate and encourage students to learn more lexis and grammar they encounter in lyrics. In this paper, the authors fairly claim that rhymed speech and grammar patterns help students to learn and reinforce the correct articulation and pronunciation of sounds, accent and rhythm features. Materials and study instruments aiming at the solution of the outlined problem are investigated with regard of the roles that the song genre fulfills. An experiment conducted by the authors with the aim in view to prove that the repeated playback of a song expands students' vocabulary and helps them to better assimilate grammar, was chosen as a leading research method in this study. The research made it possible for the authors to empirically prove that folk songs can do magic in EFL class contributing to the comprehension of the foreign language in the context of culture, transforming a monotonous memorization and reproduction of language material into creative work, solving the problem of multiple repetition of a single model. The findings of the study can serve as a general guideline for university and high school faculty and pre-service teachers

Formation of discursive competence in EFL class

The educational system of the present day in Russia puts forward new and new challenges: searching for novel ways of forming various competences of university students, with discursive competence dominating. In this paper, the authors make an attempt to prove that teaching students to write with argumentation in EFL class can become the basis for the formation of their discursive competence. Materials and instruments as well as teaching techniques of forming discursive competence in EFL class are investigated. The leading research method implemented in this study is an experiment conducted by the authors with the aim in view to assess the level of discursive competence that students can reach in EFL class. Drawing on methodical literature and personal teaching experience, the authors offer an authentic model of forming discursive competence in EFL class. The findings of the research can serve as general recommendations for university faculty and can be used in EFL class

Learning to read newspapers in efl class, or neologisms in english newspaper texts

No doubt, reading newspapers in EFL class has become a must, for newspapers provide relevant information telling the reader all about what is happening in the world, and, in this way, deepening and broadening the outlook of students. Another feature of newspapers is that they include texts of different types and language styles not easily found in belles-lettres. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that modern lingua-didactics pays much attention to the functioning of new words in texts of different types, including newspaper texts. However, the problem of teaching students to read newspapers containing new words (neologisms) is not sufficiently studied. This determined the purpose of this research. The authors were able to analyze the functioning of neologisms in English newspaper texts and pinpoint the frequency of their use, which resulted in compiling a glossary and developing a set of training and test exercises which were approbated in the experiment with the aim in view to help students deal with the large amount of vocabulary they confront, and learn to distinguish neologisms associated with a particular content area from general academic vocabulary. The findings of the research can serve as general recommendations for university faculty and can be used in EFL class

Structural dynamic study of roof waterproofing materials

© 2014 by the author(s). The present research was aimed to develop the scientific applied principles and technologies of composite bituminous materials for civil engineering based on the investigation of the structures of polymer modifier and bitumen-polymer binder (BPB) on its basis with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The method of pulsed NMR was chosen as one of the rapid analysis methods that can be used for the analysis of bitumen-polymer systems, especially when assessing the group chemical composition of residual oil feedstock (ROF), bitumens and composite materials based on them. Using the method of pulsed NMR the regularities of the impact of modifier component composition on the changes of structural-group composition of the original and modified products were specified. Based on the results of research the optimal ratio of bitumen-polymer binder components was investigated, the manufacturability of the process for obtaining of composite bituminous materials for civil engineering with the aim of optimizing the quality of the final products was evaluated. Pulsed NMR - spectroscopy is suggested as input and output quality control of bituminous products. The regularities of redistribution of the phases with different molecular mobility and their relationship with the binder components were investigated. Rapid technique for quantifying the content of polymer in the solvent was developed

Composition of Hydrothermal–Catalytic Conversion Products of Asphaltite from the Spiridonovskoe Oilfield

© 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Abstract: It has been shown that the hydrothermal–catalytic conversion of solid natural asphaltite of the Spiridonovskoe oilfield (Republic of Tatarstan) at 250°C in the presence of hematite yields liquid products with a reduced amount of resins and asphaltenes. At the same time, a dispersed phase of insoluble carburized substances of the carbene and carboid types appears in the conversion products. The structural-group and molecular compositions of oils in the liquid products of conversion, which are enriched in aromatic, polycycloaromatic, and carbonyl-containing structural units and sulfoxides according to 1H NMR and IR data, have been determined. It has been established that the molecular composition of oils from the initial asphaltite and its conversion products is almost the same, but there are changes in the relative amount of various types of compounds. A low concentration of alkanes and an increased concentration of triterpanes characterize the initial Spiridonovskoe asphaltite as a biodegraded object. In the conversion products, the relative amount of alkanes has sharply increased and the concentrations of tri- and tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HC) and dibenzothiophenes have become greater. The proportion of phenanthrenes and tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has increased by factors of 9.3 and 2.6, respectively, and alkylcyclohexanes have been identified, which are absent in the original asphaltite. But the relative amount of polycyclic naphthenes (pregnanes, steranes, cheilanthanes, and hopanes) significantly decreased. The revealed differences are apparently determined by the scale of generation of these compounds by the degradation of resins and asphaltenes, in which the compounds occur as structural units of molecules or in an adsorbed and/or occluded form

Folk songs do magic in teaching speech and grammar patterns in EFL class

The authors in searching for new ways and stimuli of teaching vocabulary and grammar to students in EFL class present their own vision of meeting the challenge. In this study it was hypothesized that folk songs significantly stimulate and encourage students to learn more lexis and grammar they encounter in lyrics. In this paper, the authors fairly claim that rhymed speech and grammar patterns help students to learn and reinforce the correct articulation and pronunciation of sounds, accent and rhythm features. Materials and study instruments aiming at the solution of the outlined problem are investigated with regard of the roles that the song genre fulfills. An experiment conducted by the authors with the aim in view to prove that the repeated playback of a song expands students' vocabulary and helps them to better assimilate grammar, was chosen as a leading research method in this study. The research made it possible for the authors to empirically prove that folk songs can do magic in EFL class contributing to the comprehension of the foreign language in the context of culture, transforming a monotonous memorization and reproduction of language material into creative work, solving the problem of multiple repetition of a single model. The findings of the study can serve as a general guideline for university and high school faculty and pre-service teachers