Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) for Wireless Application

This paper describes a simple design on dielectric resonator antenna using disk shape. The dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) consists of high dielectric constant materials, high quality factors and mounted on a grounded dielectric substrate of lower permittivity. The selected dielectric disk is operating at frequency of 2.4 GHz with dielectric constant of 34.73. The miscrostrip transmission line has been used as a feeding line for the resonator. The simulation process was done using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio and Microwave office. The antenna has been fabricated on the FR-4 microstrip board using the wet etching technique. The DRA is operating at the frequency bands used for IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless LANs. The performance between simulation and measurement give a very good approximation result

Wideband Sierpinski carpet monopole antenna

This paper described the design and fabrication of the fractal Sierpenksi carpet monopole antenna. The properties of antennas such as bandwidth and radiation pattern have been investigated. Wide bandwidth with input return loss of -10 dB has been achieved from 1 GHz to 10 GHz using this fractal antenna. The radiation patterns have been investigated at 2.73 GHz and 4.29 GHz. The cross polar isolation is in the range of -20 dB for both frequencies. The radiation pattern is in the direction of the main lobe

Design of Low Cost Greenhouse Monitoring using ZigBee Technology

Greenhouses are often used for growing flowers, vegetables, fruits, and tobacco plants. Most greenhouse systems still use the manual system in monitoring the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, a lot of problems can occur not for worker but also affected production rate because the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse must be constantly monitored to ensure optimal conditions. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can be used to gather the data from point to point to trace down the local climate parameters in different parts of the big greenhouse to make the greenhouse automation system work properly. This paper presents the design of low cost greenhouse monitoring system to monitor a greenhouse temperature and humidity parameters by applying the ZigBee technology as the WSN system. During the design process, Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC), LCD Display and Zigbee as the main hardware components is used as hardware components while C compiler and MP Lab IDE were used for software elements. The data from the greenhouse was measured by the sensor then the data will be displayed on the LCD screen on the receiver which support up to 100 m range. By using this system, the process of monitoring is easier and it also cheaper for installation and maintenance. The feasibility of the developed node was tested by deploying a simple sensor network into the Agriculture Department of Melaka Tengah greenhouse in Malaysia

Development of Greenhouse Monitoring using Wireless Sensor Network through ZigBee Technology

Greenhouses are often used for growing flowers, vegetables, fruits, and tobacco plants. Most greenhouse systems still use the manual system in monitoring the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, a lot of problems can occur not for worker but also affected production rate because the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse must be constantly monitored to ensure optimal conditions. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can be used to gather the data from point to point to trace down the local climate parameters in different parts of the big greenhouse to make the greenhouse automation system work properly. This paper presents the design of low cost greenhouse monitoring system to monitor a greenhouse temperature and humidity parameters by applying the ZigBee technology as the WSN system. During the design process, Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC), LCD Display and Zigbee as the main hardware components is used as hardware components while C compiler and MP Lab IDE were used for software elements. The data from the greenhouse was measured by the sensor then the data will be displayed on the LCD screen on the receiver which support up to 100 m range. By using this system, the process of monitoring is easier and it also cheaper for installation and maintenance. The feasibility of the developed node was tested by deploying a simple sensor network into the Agriculture Department of Melaka Tengah greenhouse in Malaysia

Design of Low Power Wideband Low Noise Amplifier for Software Defined Radio at 100 MHz to 1 GHz

This paper describes the design of wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) for mobile software defined radio (SDR) application which targeted to be applied in two-way communication mobile system architecture. The technical specification was deduced from the TIA- 603C standard receiver system sensitivity and intermodulation. The proposed LNA exhibit low power consumption and adopts a negative feedback wideband amplifier topology, operated from 100 MHz to 1 GHz which covers the whole Land Mobile FM Communication Equipment (136 941 MHz) frequency band. The proposed topology solve the RF tracing problem inherited in the targeted frequency and also the problem of economically impractical PCB size rendered by other wideband amplifier methods. The Advanced Design System software is used to perform the simulations. The measured result show the proposed LNA has a stable gain of more than 15 dB, noise figure less than 1.5 dB, S11 and S22 less than -10 dB, with current consumption of 8 mA from voltage supply at 1.8 V

An Array of Dielectric Resonator Antenna for wireless application

This project describes a design on array dielectric resonator antenna using disk shape. The dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) consists of high dielectric constant materials, high quality factors and mounted on a grounded dielectric substrate of lower permittivity. DRA is fabricated from low-loss and high relative dielectric constant material of various shapes whose resonant frequencies are functions of the size, shape and permittivity of the material. Two dielectric resonators is introducing as an array. The selected dielectric disks are operating at frequency of 2.4 GHz with dielectric constant of 34.73. The miscrostrip transmission line has been used as a feeding line for the resonator. The microstrip line is quarter wavelength where the frequency that applied from the input can get same with the output and divider was introduced in this layout. The simulation process was done using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The antenna has been fabricated on the FR-4 microstrip board using the wet etching technique. The DRA is operating at the frequency bands used for IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless LANs

Design of Low Noise Amplifier for Radio over Fiber at 5.2 GHz

This paper presents the design and simulation of low noise amplifier (LNA) used in an active radio access point (RAP) for Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology at 5.2 GHz. RoF is integration of optical fiber for radio signal transmission within network infrastructures that is considered to be cost effective, practical and relative system configuration for long haul transport of millimeter frequency band wireless signal. The LNA designed function is to amplify extremely low signals without adding noise, thus preserving the required Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) of system at extremely low power signal. The implementation of design is based on Agilent ATF-5143 transistor and Microwave Office software is used to perform the simulation in S-parameters. The design and simulation process including selecting the transistor based on RoF requirements, stability of transistor, matching network, biasing and optimization. The design has shown an acceptable behavior with gain of 16.046 dB and noise figure of 0.9368 dB using conjugate matching method

Design of Wideband Low Noise Amplifier using Negative Feedback Topology for Motorola Application

This paper describes the design of wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) for Motorola application which targeted to be applied in two-way communication mobile system architecture. The technical specification was deduced from the TIA-603C standard receiver system sensitivity and inter-modulation. The proposed LNA exhibit low power consumption and adopts a negative feedback wideband amplifier topology, operated from 100 MHz to 1 GHz which covers the whole Land Mobile FM Communication Equipment (136 – 941 MHz) frequency band. The proposed topology solve the RF tracing problem inherited in the targeted frequency and also the problem of economically impractical PCB size rendered by other wideband amplifier methods. The Advanced Design System software is used to perform the simulations. The measured result show the proposed LNA using FR4 board has a stable gain of more than 15 dB, noise figure less than 1.5 dB, S11 and S22 less than -10 dB, with current consumption of 8 mA from voltage supply at 1.8 V

Simulation of 2.4 GHz Low Power RF Front End Design for Radio over Fiber Technology

This paper presents the simulation low power RF front end design of radio access point (RAP) for Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology at 2.4 GHz. Wireless network based on radio over fiber (RoF) technology has been proposed as a promising cost effective solution to meet ever increasing user bandwidth and wireless demands. In this network, a central station (CS) is connected to numerous functionally simple radio access point (RAP) via an optical fiber.The only components required at the passive RAP are Electro Absorption Modulator (EAM) and antenna where EAM is used as a remote transceiver. Pico cell has a coverage range up to 100 m. To achieve this distance, RAP needs to operate in active mode, by inserting RF power amplifier and Bandpass Filter (BPF) between EAM and the antenna for the downlink path. BPF is needed remove out of band interference after EAM while the power amplifier is used to improve the dynamic range of RAP. The implementation of the design is based on microstrip technology and Advanced Design System (ADS) software used to perform the simulation. In the simulation, the analyses of scattering parameters are concerned which presents the gain and return loss of the front end. At the end of design, the combination between parallel couple BPF and power amplifier is purposed as a RF front end of RAP for RoF technology

A Novel Structure of Multilayer SIW Filter And Patch Antenna

This paper presents the investigation based upon the resonant circuit approach to distinguish in between the microwave filter and antenna from the equivalent circuit to physical layout where this system is used to reduce the overall volume of RF front-end subsystem especially in wireless communication systems. The physical layouts of the Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) filter and microstrip patch antenna based on single-mode is established based on multilayer technique. This study focuses on the integrated rectangular SIW filter with rectangular microstrip patch antenna to produce radiating and filtering system in a single device. To prove the concept of microwave filter and antenna, the operating centre frequency of 2 GHz is demonstrated and validated through simulation and measurement. The experimental shows promising results and in-line with the simulated results. This study is useful for any microwave system design where the reduction of overall physical volume and weight as well as cost is very important such as in base stations