90 research outputs found

    Mapping and Describing Geospatial Data to Generalize Complex Models: The Case of LittoSIM-GEN

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    For some scientific questions, empirical data are essential to develop reliable simulation models. These data usually come from different sources with diverse and heterogeneous formats. The design of complex data-driven models is often shaped by the structure of the data available in research projects. Hence, applying such models to other case studies requires either to get similar data or to transform new data to fit the model inputs. It is the case of agent-based models (ABMs) that use advanced data structures such as Geographic Information Systems data. We faced this problem in the LittoSIM-GEN project when generalizing our participatory flooding model (LittoSIM) to new territories. From this experience, we provide a mapping approach to structure, describe, and automatize the integration of geospatial data into ABMs

    : Recueil de fiches pédagogiques du réseau MAPS

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    DoctoralLe réseau thématique MAPS «Modélisation multi-Agent appliquée aux Phénomènes Spatialisés » propose depuis 2009 des évènements scientifiques ayant pour but de diffuser les pratiques de modélisations multi-agents au sein des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société (SHS). Ce collectif pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs, d’enseignants-chercheurs et de doctorants est labellisé en tant que â‰Ș réseau thématique » par le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes (GIS RNSC) et bénéficie du soutien du CNRS au titre de la Formation Permanente. Depuis 2009, plusieurs modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s au cours d'Ă©vĂ©nements MAPS. Ces modĂšles ont fait l'objet de fiches pĂ©dagogiques dĂ©taillĂ©es destinées aux communautés éducatives et universitaires et en particulier aux enseignants qui souhaiteraient faire découvrir la modélisation à leurs étudiants, mais aussi à ceux qui envisagent d’approfondir certains aspects avec un public plus averti. Elles sont également destinées à tous les curieux qui souhaiteraient découvrir ce que la modélisation apporte aux SHS, du point de vue heuristique et du point de vue opérationnel. Enfin, elles sont aussi des supports pour toutes les personnes qui souhaiteraient diffuser les réflexions scientifiques sur la modélisation et la simulation qui ont présidé à la rédaction de ces fiches

    Propolis can potentialise the anti-adhesion activity of proanthocyanidins on uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Escherichia coli</it>, the main bacteria found in recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), is now frequently resistant to several currently used antibiotic treatments making new solutions essential. In this study, we evaluated the association propolis and proanthocyanidins type A to reduce bacterial anti-adhesion activity of <it>E. coli </it>on urothelial cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This first double-blind, randomized, cross-over human trial included 5 volunteers that followed 6 different regimens with or without variable doses of cranberry and propolis with a washout period of at least 1 week between each regimen. Urine samples were collected at 0 h, 4-6 h, 12 h and 24 h after cranberry plus propolis or placebo capsule consumption. In vivo urinary bacterial anti-adhesion activity was assessed with a bioassay (a human T24 epithelial cell-line assay) and an in vivo <it>Caenorhabditis elegans </it>model. HPLC-PDA-MS was used to detect propolis and cranberry compounds in urine. Bioassays indicated significant bacterial anti-adhesion activity in urine collected from volunteers who had consumed cranberry plus propolis powder compared to placebo (<it>p </it>< 0.001). This inhibition was clearly dose-dependent, increasing with the amount of PACs and propolis equivalents consumed in each regimen. Results suggested that propolis had an additional effect with PACs and prevent a bacterial anti-adhesion effect over 1 day. An in vivo model showed that the <it>E. coli </it>strain presented a reduced ability to kill <it>C. elegans </it>after their growth in urine samples of patients who took cranberry plus propolis capsules. HPLC confirmed that propolis is excreted in urine.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study presents an alternative to prevent recurrent UTI. Administration of PACs plus propolis once daily offers some protection against bacterial adhesion, bacterial multiplication and virulence in the urinary tract, representing an interesting new strategy to prevent recurrent UTI.</p

    La réception sociale de la gestion du risque littoral : un éclairage au prisme de la simulation participative

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    International audienceEn proposant des modes alternatifs de gestion du risque littoral, les pouvoirs publics français font face aux rĂ©ticences des collectivitĂ©s locales. La rĂ©ception sociale de la gestion du risque se pose d’autant plus que la perspective des effets du changement climatique rend le besoin de dĂ©finir de maniĂšre de plus en plus prĂ©gnante, des stratĂ©gies optimisĂ©es et Ă  long terme. En se basant sur une expĂ©rience de simulation participative, nous montrons comment se constitue le processus de rĂ©ception sociale d’une politique de gestion du risque, en prĂ©sentant une Ă©tude de cas Ă  OlĂ©ron, pendant laquelle les participants Ă  des ateliers expĂ©rimentent des modes de gestion alternatifs du risque de submersion. L’article montre que la mise en place d’un dispositif participatif permet de qualifier la rĂ©ception sociale d’une politique publique de gestion du risque, du point de vue des connaissances sur les risques, des Ă©chelles de gestion des risques littoraux et de la sensibilitĂ© aux effets du changement climatique. Le dispositif s’avĂšre une maniĂšre pour les participants des ateliers de s’emparer des arĂšnes de dĂ©bat que constituent les ateliers : la discussion montre qu’il s’agit d’une forme de « dĂ©bordement » du dispositif scientifique, au service de l’appropriation de la politique publique

    Etude de la sensibilisation d'une lignée cellulaire tumorale de la vessie à l'action cytotoxique de la mitomycine C par induction de la Dt-diaphorase

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    TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Allées (315552109) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Un protocole de mĂ©thodes mixtes pour Ă©valuer les effets d’une simulation participative sur la gestion du risque de submersion marine

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    International audienceHAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépÎt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés

    Approche et mĂ©thode d’évaluation de la participation dans un dispositif de simulation participative : le cas de LittoSIM

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    International audienceThis paper describes the use of the notion of participation in a participatory simulation device (LittoSIM) applied to the prevention of coastal risks, and more specifically to marine submersion. The role of participation is described from the perspective of the design of the simulation, and the methodology of the monitoring and evaluation of the effects, which takes into account the conditions and modalities of the deployment of the approach in a territory. The results focus on the differences in the definition of marine submersion hazard according to individuals, on the reception of various risk management strategies (hard defence, strategic withdrawal), and on the knowledge acquired in this field thanks to the simulation experiment.Cet article dĂ©crit l’usage de la notion de participation dans un dispositif de simulation participative (LittoSIM) appliquĂ©e Ă  la prĂ©vention des risques cĂŽtiers, et plus spĂ©cifiquement Ă  la submersion marine. La dimension participative est dĂ©crite sous l’angle du design de la simulation et de la mĂ©thodologie de suivi-Ă©valuation du dispositif et de ses effets qui tient compte des conditions et modalitĂ©s de dĂ©ploiement de la dĂ©marche sur un territoire. Les rĂ©sultats portent sur les diffĂ©rences de conception de l’alĂ©a de submersion selon les individus, sur la rĂ©ception des diverses stratĂ©gies de gestion des risques (dĂ©fense dure, recul stratĂ©gique) et sur les apprentissages gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s en la matiĂšre par l’expĂ©rience de simulation

    Feedback on a “Territory-Responsive” Participatory Simulation on Coastal Flooding Risk Applied to Two Case Studies in France

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    One of the most important risks that threatens coastal cities is coastal flooding, and the effects of climate change will aggravate this risk. As a response, adaptation strategies need to be developed through the defense of the coastline and planning actions for example. We propose a "territory-responsive" participatory simulation (PS) method called "LittoSIM-GEN" to raise awareness among elected officials and agents of collectivities on different measures of coastal flooding prevention. This PS is carried out during workshops and is based on system modeling and participatory approach to establish links between the reference system and the simulation played. It lies between a descriptive and an abstract model as it does not describe a unique territory but is adapted to some extent to the territory on which it is applied. The analysis of 7 workshops conducted in two French regions questions: 1) the territorial adaptation of the PS through the deployment process, and the development of archetypes and their observability for the participants, 2) how the played experience is used to test strategies and to reconsider how risk management works in reality, and 3) how the attitudes of the participants may depend on the level of territorial adaptation of the PS
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