Combined Effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid and Glutamine on Bacterial Translocation in Obstructive Jaundiced Rats:

Background: Bacterial Translocation is believed to be an important factor on mortality and morbidity in Obstructive Jaundiced. .Aims: We investigated the probable or estimated positive effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which has antibacterial and regulatory effects on intestinal flora, together with glutamine on BT in an experimental obstructive jaundiced rat model. Study Design:Animal experimentation.Methods: Forty adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Animals were randomised and divided into five groups of eight each: sham (Sh); control (common bile duct ligation, CBDL); and supplementation groups administered tauroursodeoxycholic acid (CBDL+T), glutamine (CBDL+G), or tauroursodeoxycholic acid plus glutamine (CBDL+TG). Blood and liver, spleen, MLN, and ileal samples were taken via laparotomy under sterile conditions for investigation of bacterial translocation and intestinal mucosal integrity and hepatic function tests on the tenth postoperative day. Results: There were statistically significant differences in BT rates in all samples except the spleen of the CBDL+TG group compared with the CBDL group (p=0.041, p=0.026, and p=0.041, respectively). Conclusion: It is essential to protect hepatic functions besides maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity in the active struggle against BT occurring in obstructive jaundice. The positive effect on intestinal mucosal integrity can be increased if glutamine is used with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, which also has hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory features

Cavernous hemangioma of the glans penis: Concomitant surgical excision with circumcision in an uncircumcised patient

Hemangiomas are usually superficial, localized, and commonly involve the heador neck, although up to 30% may be seen in the liver. Hemangioma involving theglans penis is extremely rare. A patient with red swelling on the glans penis wasadmitted for circumcision to our clinic. We performed concomitant surgicalexcision together with circumcision, and presented the advantages of surgicaltreatment in such a case

Expanding the clinical and immunological phenotypes of PAX1-deficient SCID and CID patients

Paired box 1 (PAX1) deficiency has been reported in a small number of patients diagnosed with otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OFCS2). We described six new patients who demonstrated variable clinical penetrance. Reduced transcriptional activity of pathogenic variants confirmed partial or complete PAX1 deficiency. Thymic aplasia and hypoplasia were associated with impaired T cell immunity. Corrective treatment was required in 4/6 patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in poor immune reconstitution with absent naïve T cells, contrasting with the superior recovery of T cell immunity after thymus transplantation. Normal ex vivo differentiation of PAX1-deficient CD34+ cells into mature T cells demonstrated the absence of a hematopoietic cell-intrinsic defect. New overlapping features with DiGeorge syndrome included primary hypoparathyroidism (n = 5) and congenital heart defects (n = 2), in line with PAX1 expression during early embryogenesis. Our results highlight new features of PAX1 deficiency, which are relevant to improving early diagnosis and identifying patients requiring corrective treatment

Distribution of alien bivalve species in the soft bottom of Iskenderun Bay (Turkey, NE Levantine Sea)

Distribution of alien bivalves in the soft bottom of Iskenderun Bay according to physico-chemical parameters of sea water and sediment was investigated in this study, which was carried out in November 2005. A total of 2404 individuals belonging to 63 bivalve species were identified, of which 184 individuals belonged to 9 alien species. Alien species accounted for 14.3% of total number of bivalve species and 7.7% of total number of bivalve individuals. The most abundant species in the study area was the native species Anodontia fragilis (354 individuals). As for aliens, Afrocardium richardi was represented by a high number of individuals (155 individuals)

Alien marine bivalve species reported from Turkish seas

Literature review revealed a total of 31 valid alien bivalve species reported from the seas surrounding Turkey. In this study, these species were documented and their distributions in Turkish coasts were explained. Introducing pathways and rates of alien bivalves were discussed