Los entornos de aprendizaje y el éxito escolar en Latinoamérica

Este artículo encuentra la relación que tienen los entornos de aprendizaje sobre el éxito escolar en los países latinoamericanos participantes en el Programa Internacional para la Evaluación de Estudiantes (PISA, por sus siglas en inglés), del año 2018, estimando la función de producción educativa. Posteriormente, se aplica la descomposición de Shorrocks-Shapley para determinar cuál de las dimensiones asociadas al aprendizaje, tiene un mayor peso en la heterogeneidad del éxito escolar. Se encontró que los mejores ambientes escolares favorecen el éxito escolar, mientras que, cuando el clima escolar dentro de las aulas de clase “no es el mejor”, el desempeño baja. Se calculó, para el conjunto de países de América Latina que, en promedio, los entornos de aprendizaje explican la variabilidad del éxito escolar en 29,09% para matemáticas, en 28,01% para lectura y en 28,71% para ciencias, siendo la dimensión que en mayor medida explica esta heterogeneidad

Factors affecting the big data adoption as a marketing tool in SMEs

The change brought by Big Data about the way to analyze the data is revolutionary. The technology related to Big Data supposes a before and after in the form of obtaining valuable information for the companies since it allows to manage a large volume of data, practically in real time and obtain a great volume of information that gives companies great competitive advantages. The objective of this work is evaluating the factors that affect the acceptance of this new technology by small and medium enterprises. To that end, the technology acceptance model called Unified Theory of Technology Adoption and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was adapted to the Big Data context to which an inhibitor was added: resistance to the use of new technologies. The structural model was assessed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with an adequate global adjustment. Among the results, it stands out that a good infrastructure is more relevant for the use of Big Data than the difficulty of its use, accepting that it is necessary to make an effort in its implementation.Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de la Costa, Fundación Universitaria Popayán, Corporación Universitaria Latinoamericana, Corporación Universitaria Reformada

Cryptographic Security Through a Hardware Root of Trust

This work presents a novel approach to a Hardware Root-of-Trust that leverages System-on-Chip technology for the implementation of hardware cryptographic functions. Taking advantage of the processing power of a System-on-Chip, the solution established promotes hardware-based security solutions over software-only solutions. The proposed Root-of-Trust, developed around a Xilinx Zynq-7000 SoC device, integrates components based on cryptographic algorithms and physical phenomena. This innovative Root-of-Trust is tailored to support a spectrum of security tasks within cryptographic systems, including device-specific identifiers and keys, encryption and decryption, hashing, and signature generation and verification. The study adopts a unified design methodology, capitalizing on collaborative efforts to efficiently develop hardware primitives that significantly contribute to enhancing security in computing environments. Aligned with the advantages of reconfigurable hardware, this Hardware Root-of-Trust addresses the critical need for robust hardware-level security and introduces a set of countermeasures to fortify the design against potential threats.This research was supported in part by the SPIRS Project with Grant Agreement No. 952622 under the EU H2020 research and innovation programme. The authors want to thank the ARES Project PID2020-116664RB-100 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the EU NextGeneration EU/PRTR, and the Programa Operativo FEDER 2014-2020 and Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía under Project US-1380823. M.C.M.R. holds a postdoc fellowship from the Andalusia Government with support from PO FSE of EU.Peer reviewe

Surrogate indices of insulin resistance using the Matsuda index as reference in adult men—a computational approach

Background: Overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Different surrogate indices of IR are derived and validated with the euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) test. Thus, using a computational approach to predict IR with Matsuda index as reference, this study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff value and diagnosis accuracy for surrogate indices in non-diabetic young adult men. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with 93 young men (ages 18–31). Serum levels of glucose and insulin were analyzed in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and anthropometric characteristics and body composition (DEXA) were determined. The computational approach to evaluate the IR diagnostic accuracy and cutoff value using difference parameters was examined, as well as other statistical tools to make the output robust. Results: The highest sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cutoff value, respectively, were established for the Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (0.91; 0.98; 3.40), the Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (0.98; 0.96; 0.33), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) (1.00; 1.00; 427.77), the TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 132.44), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) (0.98; 1.00; 2.48), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (1.00; 1.00; 0.53), waist circumference (WC) (1.00; 1.00; 92.63), body mass index (BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 28.69), total body fat percentage (TFM) (%) (1.00; 1.00; 31.07), android fat (AF) (%) (1.00; 0.98; 40.33), lipid accumulation product (LAP) (0.84; 1.00; 45.49), leptin (0.91; 1.00; 16.08), leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) (0.84; 1.00; 1.17), and fasting insulin (0.91; 0.98; 16.01). Conclusions: The computational approach was used to determine the diagnosis accuracy and the optimal cutoff value for IR to be used in preventive healthcare.Fil: Malagón Soriano, Víctor Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Ledezma Forero, Andres Julian. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Espinel Pachon, Cristian Felipe. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Burgos Cárdenas, Álvaro Javier. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Garces, Maria Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Ortega Ramírez, Gustavo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Franco Vega, Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Peralta Franco, Jhon Jairo. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Maldonado Acosta, Luis Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Rubio Romero, Jorge Andres. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Mercado Pedroza, Manuel Esteban. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Caminos Cepeda, Sofia Alexandra. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; EspañaFil: Lacunza, Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Rivera Moreno, Carlos Armando. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Darghan Contreras, Aquiles Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Ruiz Parra, Ariel Iván. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; ColombiaFil: Caminos, Jorge E.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Medicina; Colombi

Surrogate indices of insulin resistance using the Matsuda index as reference in adult men—a computational approach

BackgroundOverweight and obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR) are strongly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Different surrogate indices of IR are derived and validated with the euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) test. Thus, using a computational approach to predict IR with Matsuda index as reference, this study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff value and diagnosis accuracy for surrogate indices in non-diabetic young adult men.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with 93 young men (ages 18–31). Serum levels of glucose and insulin were analyzed in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Additionally, clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and anthropometric characteristics and body composition (DEXA) were determined. The computational approach to evaluate the IR diagnostic accuracy and cutoff value using difference parameters was examined, as well as other statistical tools to make the output robust.ResultsThe highest sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cutoff value, respectively, were established for the Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (0.91; 0.98; 3.40), the Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (0.98; 0.96; 0.33), the triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) (1.00; 1.00; 427.77), the TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 132.44), TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) (0.98; 1.00; 2.48), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (1.00; 1.00; 0.53), waist circumference (WC) (1.00; 1.00; 92.63), body mass index (BMI) (1.00; 1.00; 28.69), total body fat percentage (TFM) (%) (1.00; 1.00; 31.07), android fat (AF) (%) (1.00; 0.98; 40.33), lipid accumulation product (LAP) (0.84; 1.00; 45.49), leptin (0.91; 1.00; 16.08), leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) (0.84; 1.00; 1.17), and fasting insulin (0.91; 0.98; 16.01).ConclusionsThe computational approach was used to determine the diagnosis accuracy and the optimal cutoff value for IR to be used in preventive healthcare

Estudio de comunidades de matorral mediterráneo I

Conjunto de guiones de prácticas de Ecología, correspondientes al bloque temático sobre el estudio de comunidades, y material complementario (estadillo y plantilla para la matriz de datos)

Guía Rápida de SPSS v.25 (Prácticas de Ecología)

Guía rápida de SPSS v.25 para usar en las Prácticas de Ecología (Grado en Biología, 3er curso

Una mirada a las diferentes perspectivas de los negocios internacionales: estrategias, principios y casos de internacionalización

Este libro consolida resultados de investigación que permiten mirar los negocios internacionales a partir de diferentes perspectivas, proporcionando un aporte sistémico para la academia y el mercado. A partir de discusiones del punto de vista de relaciones internacionales, comercio exterior, logística, estrategias de internacionalización y negociación, esta obra discute aspectos actuales aplicables y relacionados a la actuación de las empresas colombianas en el mercado internacional, sus oportunidades y potencialidades competitivas. A lo largo de sus siete capítulos e introducción, el libro “Una mirada a las diferentes perspectivas de los Negocios Internacionales: Estrategias, principios y casos de internacionalización” presenta diferentes metodologías, herramientas, fundamentos y casos de referencia que pueden apoyar profesionales en el estudio y en la práctica de los negocios internacionales

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality