Machining of thermosetting composites by means of milling and drilling

Polymer composites are widely spread in machinery, construction activity, incl. production of wear plates and items of fitting systems. In process of manufacturing items from composites, the products must be machined by tools and cutters. During cutting, with mechanical and thermal loads applied, the destruction of composites takes place to deteriorate quality of products. To increase quality of products, the procedures of cutting modes calculation should be developed with introduction of correction factors considering specific properties of polymers, as well as their optimization with usage of multi-criteria methods. © IDOSI Publications, 2013

Influence of particulate fillers on complex of dielectric properties of rigid and plasticized PVC compositions

The article discloses efficiency of modifying the polyvinyl chloride by organic and mineral fillers being the wastes of various industrial productions. Main dielectric properties of rigid and plasticized compositions were examined, for different combinations and ratios of modifying additives. The article displayed how the particulate fillers nature and composition influence on character and intervals of dielectric behavior modification. The results of researches were interpreted with consideration of structural-morphological composition of polyvinyl chloride, of modifying additives' nature, content and ratio. © IDOSI Publications, 2014

Направления совершенствования деятельности региональных банков на территории Республики Татарстан

The purpose of this study is to develop tools for assessing the state of regional banks and to justify decisions on the allocation of resources between their business areas by adapting existing methods of banking management to the new economic environment.The authors apply both general scientific methods (induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis) and special methods: systematic and retrospective analysis of existing developments in bank decisions.The results of the application of these methods are the mathematical models describing the functioning of the credit-deposit and transaction of commercial banks of Tatarstan in the past three years from the point of elasticity of actives and liabilities’ substitution. In the paper, we systematized the indicators of actives and liabilities of the five largest commercial banks in Tatarstan in 2019–2022, we approved the equations that characterize these actives and liabilities’ substitution elasticity in MS Excel.The conclusion is that in most cases, there is a unitary elasticity of their mutual substitution, which leads to the conclusion that the Tatarstan banking system is currently in the growth stage of a new life cycle, which began in 2014, after the Russian economy entered new realities due to sanctions pressure. The recommendations were formulated for the banks of Tatarstan in terms of improving the quality of loan portfolios in new conditions: they should improve the methods of making decisions about the loans for companies’ business activities which are first created.Цель исследования —  разработка инструментария оценки состояния региональных банков и обоснования решений о распределении ресурсов между направлениями их бизнеса посредством адаптации существующих методов банковского менеджмента к особенностям новой экономической среды. Авторы применяют как общенаучные методы (индукция, дедукция, анализ, синтез), так и специальные: системный и ретроспективный анализ существующих наработок в сфере обоснования решений банковского риск-менеджмента. Результатом применения указанных методов являются математические модели, описывающие функционирования кредитно-депозитного и транзакционного бизнесов коммерческих банков Татарстана в прошедшие 3 года с позиции эластичности взаимного замещения разных видов активов и пассивов. В ходе работы обобщены показатели состояния активов и пассивов пяти крупнейших коммерческих банков Татарстана за 2019–2022 гг., в MS Excel подобраны уравнения, характеризующие эластичность замещения разных видов активов и пассивов.Сделан вывод, что в большинстве случаев имеет место единичная эластичность их взаимного замещения, что подводит к заключению, что банковская система Татарстана в настоящее время находится на этапе роста в новом жизненном цикле, начавшемся в 2014 г., после вхождения российской экономики в новые реалии, обусловленные санкционным давлением. Сформулированы рекомендации для региональных банков Республики Татарстан в части повышения качества кредитных портфелей в новых условиях, а именно: совершенствование методов принятия решений о кредитовании корпоративных клиентов по новым создаваемым направлениям их бизнеса

Generalizing Binary Solubility Data for Low-Volatile Liquids in Supercritical Fluids

EXISTING GENERALIZATION METHODS The key parameters that govern the feasibility of the separation of a mixture by supercritical fluid extraction are the binary solubilities of the components of the mixture in the extractant over a wide range of state variables. Several approaches to predicting the binary solubilities of liquids in compressed gases are known (1) where y i and y j are the concentrations (mole fractions) of the components; B ii is the second virial coefficient, which accounts for the interaction between identical molecules; B ij is the second virial cross coefficient, which accounts for the interaction between different molecules; and v m and z m are the molar volume and the compressibility of the gas phase, respectively. Within the framework of the thermodynamic similarity method, B ij is computed by various relations of the form where P cr and v cr are, respectively, the critical pressure and the critical molar volume of the component; is the characteristic temperature; and ω ij is the characteristic acentricity factor. There is a comprehensive review [2] of methods for calculating the characteristic cross parameters of mixtures, including higher order virial coefficients. ω ij is usually defined as the arithmetic mean of the acentricity factors of the mixture components. It was suggested [1] to calculate the characteristic temperature with the use of the empirical binary intermolecular interaction parameter k ij : ). = A generalized formula for k ij has been derived [1] for the interaction of organic liquids with a compressed gaseous solvent. The formula gives k ij as a function of the number of carbon atoms in the molecule of the dissolved liquid: where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecules of dissolved n -paraffins, ketones, alcohols, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The interactions of nonpolar molecules with one another and of nonpolar molecules with polar molecules have been considered. The generalized formula is empirical, and the discrepancy between the parameters k ij obtained by experimental data processing and the generalized curve considerably exceeds the experimental error. The binary solubilities of low-volatile substances, including solids, have been represented [3] as a function of the solvent density: where y is the binary solubility (mole fraction), P is the pressure in the system, P 0 is the standard pressure, ρ is the solvent density, and ρ 0 is the standard solvent density. The parameters A and B are interrelated b

Кредитные риски российских коммерческих банков: новые подходы к управлению

In the realities of the modern domestic economy, the process of risk management of commercial banks associated to credit corporate customers, acquires new content. The assessment of what place in the company’s activity has a work that contributes to solving the most pressing problems of our time: environment, social and general corporate governance comes to the fore. As a result, the focus is on a group of lending risks known as ESG. Since the areas of work of clients — legal entities, with which these risks are associated, and described mainly by qualitative, non-formalized characteristics, a difficult task for modern bank risk-management becomes normalizing the process of their evaluation when making specific decisions on the loan. This explains the interest and relevance of this research, the object of which is the risk management subsystem for lending to corporate clients by commercial banks, the subject is the consideration of ESG factors in this process. The purpose of the paper is to develop the basics of decision-making tools in the management of bank credit risks, with this group of factors. The authors apply methods of both general scientific (induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis) and special: system and retrospective analysis of existing developments in the field of justification of decisions of bank risk management. The theoretical significance of the research results consists in a complex analysis of the role and place of ESG-risks in the overall risk landscape and the integration of environmental, social and managerial factors into credit risk assessment. Basic principles of construction of phenomenological model, used to support credit decisions by banks of corporate clients taking into account ESG-factors that influence their activity, have been developed.В реалиях современной отечественной экономики процесс управления рисками коммерческих банков, связанными с кредитованием корпоративных клиентов, обретает новое содержание. На первый план выходит оценка того, какое место в жизни компании занимает работа, способствующая решению наиболее актуальных проблем современности: экологических (environment), социальных (social) и общего корпоративного управления (governance). В результате в центре внимания оказывается группа рисков кредитования, известная как ESG. Поскольку направления работы клиентов — юридических лиц, с которыми связаны эти риски, описываются в основном качественными, неформализованными характеристиками, сложной задачей для современного банковского риск-менеджмента становится упорядочивание процесса их оценки при принятии конкретных решений о выдаче кредита. Этим обусловлена актуальность данного исследования, объектом которого является подсистема управления рисками кредитования корпоративных клиентов коммерческими банками, предметом — учет ESG-факторов в данном процессе. Цель исследования — разработка основ инструментария принятия решений в управлении банковскими кредитными рисками с учетом данной группы факторов. Авторы применяют методы как общенаучные (индукция, дедукция, анализ, синтез), так и специальные: системный и ретроспективный анализ существующих наработок в сфере обоснования решений банковского риск-менеджмента. Теоретическая значимость результатов исследования заключается в комплексном анализе роли и места ESG-рисков в общем ландшафте рисков и интеграции экологических, социальных и управленческих факторов в оценку кредитного риска. Разработаны базовые принципы построения феноменологической модели, используемой для обоснования решений о кредитовании банками корпоративных клиентов с учетом ESG-факторов, влияющих на их деятельность

Parameterization of microstructures in material science and material technology

The article deals with possible applications of multi-fractal parameterization of microstructures (MFP) fields of material science and welding. MFP is successfully used for fine selection of microstructures, specification of thermal treatment modes and others. Experimental data were recorded for samples manufactured from steels of austenitic class. The research also comprises data on dependence of grain size upon multi-fractal parameters of uniformity and orderliness got by other authors. The study suggests algorithm of predicting Vickers hardness on basis of multi-fractal parameterization of metallographic specimen by means of calculating the parameters of uniformity and orderliness. Program created on basis of algorithm allows analyze microstructure to determine the grain size. © IDOSI Publications, 2013

Composites with improved absorption of noise and vibration

© 2017, Allerton Press, Inc. The development of composites based on thermosetting resins with improved vibration and noise absorption is considered. Mathematical and topological models are proposed to describe the influence of the composition on the vibration and noise absorption and elastic properties of the composites. The composition of filled epoxy, polyester, and polyurethane vibration-absorbing composites is optimized in terms of their loading, dynamic, and economic characteristics

Special aspects of preparation of microstructure images for parametrization of welding joints

The paper discusses the implementation areas of multifractal parameterization of microstructures for metallurgy and welding purposes. The objects of investigation are welds made by argon arc welding in the austenitic steel parts. Radiographic, spectral, microstructure analysis, parameterization of microstructures and Vickers hardness test were used. The design data were acquired with MFRDrom software on the basis of the analysis of microstructure images of welding joints made from austenitic steel. It was determined how the preparation defects of thin sections (grind and polish marks) and welding defects such as pores, cracks, influence the results of parameterization of welding joint microstructures. The relations between hardness and multifractal parameters of uniformity and orderliness were established. © IDOSI Publications, 2014

The influence of mineral fillers on mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride composites

The paper reports the investigation results of tensile stress-strain properties of filled PVC composite during static and low cycle testing. The distinctive features of composite mechanical behavior depending on the content of dispersed mineral fillers which are basically industrial waste are established. It is revealed that small filler additives have a strong influence on the structural behavior that manifest itself as their abnormal change depending on the filler content. The experimental data obtained are explained based on the modern ideas about structural morphological model of base polymer structure. © IDOSI Publications, 2013