504 research outputs found
A rigorous formulation of the cosmological Newtonian limit without averaging
We prove the existence of a large class of one-parameter families of
cosmological solutions to the Einstein-Euler equations that have a Newtonian
limit. This class includes solutions that represent a finite, but otherwise
arbitrary, number of compact fluid bodies. These solutions provide exact
cosmological models that admit Newtonian limits but, are not, either implicitly
or explicitly, averaged
First-order multi-k phase transitions and magnetoelectric effects in multiferroic Co3TeO6
A theoretical description of the sequence of magnetic phases in Co3TeO6 is
presented. The strongly first-order character of the transition to the
commensurate multiferroic ground state, induced by coupled order parameters
corresponding to different wavevectors, is related to a large magnetoelastic
effect with an exchange energy critically sensitive to the interatomic spacing.
The monoclinic magnetic symmetry C2' of the multiferroic phase permits
spontaneous polarization and magnetization as well as the linear
magnetoelectric effect. The existence of weakly ferromagnetic domains is
verified experimentally by second harmonic generation measurements
The multiferroic phases of (Eu:Y)MnO3
We report on structural, magnetic, dielectric, and thermodynamic properties
of (Eu:Y)MnO3 for Y doping levels 0 <= x < 1. This system resembles the
multiferroic perovskite manganites RMnO3 (with R= Gd, Dy, Tb) but without the
interference of magnetic contributions of the 4f-ions. In addition, it offers
the possibility to continuously tune the influence of the A-site ionic radii.
For small concentrations x <= 0.1 we find a canted antiferromagnetic and
paraelectric groundstate. For higher concentrations x <= 0.3 ferroelectric
polarization coexists with the features of a long wavelength incommensurate
spiral magnetic phase analogous to the observations in TbMnO3. In the
intermediate concentration range around x = 0.2 a multiferroic scenario is
realized combining weak ferroelectricity and weak ferromagnetism, presumably
due to a canted spiral magnetic structure.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Post-Newtonian extension of the Newton-Cartan theory
The theory obtained as a singular limit of General Relativity, if the
reciprocal velocity of light is assumed to tend to zero, is known to be not
exactly the Newton-Cartan theory, but a slight extension of this theory. It
involves not only a Coriolis force field, which is natural in this theory
(although not original Newtonian), but also a scalar field which governs the
relation between Newtons time and relativistic proper time. Both fields are or
can be reduced to harmonic functions, and must therefore be constants, if
suitable global conditions are imposed. We assume this reduction of
Newton-Cartan to Newton`s original theory as starting point and ask for a
consistent post-Newtonian extension and for possible differences to usual
post-Minkowskian approximation methods, as developed, for example, by
Chandrasekhar. It is shown, that both post-Newtonian frameworks are formally
equivalent, as far as the field equations and the equations of motion for a
hydrodynamical fluid are concerned.Comment: 13 pages, LaTex, to appear in Class. Quantum Gra
Second harmonic generation on incommensurate structures: The case of multiferroic MnWO4
A comprehensive analysis of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) on an
incommensurate (IC) magnetically ordered state is presented using multiferroic
MnWO4 as model compound. Two fundamentally different SHG contributions coupling
to the primary IC magnetic order or to secondary commensurate projections of
the IC state, respectively, are distinguished. Whereas the latter can be
described within the formalism of the 122 commensurate magnetic point groups
the former involves a breakdown of the conventional macroscopic symmetry
analysis because of its sensitivity to the lower symmetry of the local
environment in a crystal lattice. Our analysis thus foreshadows the fusion of
the hitherto disjunct fields of nonlinear optics and IC order in
condensed-matter systems
Possible evidence for electromagnons in multiferroic manganites
Magnetodielectric materials are characterized by a strong coupling of
magnetic and dielectric properties and in rare cases simultaneously exhibit
both, magnetic and polar order. Among other multiferroics, TbMnO3 and GdMnO3
reveal a strong magneto-dielectric (ME) coupling and as a consequence
fundamentally new spin excitations exist: Electro-active magnons, or
electromagnons, i. e. spin waves which can be excited by ac electric fields.
Here we show that these excitations appear in the phase with an incommensurate
(IC) magnetic structure of the manganese spins. In external magnetic fields
this IC structure can be suppressed and the electromagnons are wiped out,
thereby inducing considerable changes in the index of refraction from dc up to
THz frequencies. Hence, besides adding a new creature to the zoo of fundamental
excitations, the refraction index can be tuned by moderate magnetic fields,
which allows the design of a new generation of optical switches and
optoelectronic devices.Comment: 4 Pages, 2 figure
Theory of the "honeycomb chain-channel" reconstruction of Si(111)3x1
First-principles electronic-structure methods are used to study a structural
model for Ag/Si(111)3x1 recently proposed on the basis of transmission electron
diffraction data. The fully relaxed geometry for this model is far more
energetically favorable than any previously proposed, partly due to the unusual
formation of a Si double bond in the surface layer. The calculated electronic
properties of this model are in complete agreement with data from
angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett (the ugly postscript
error on page 4 has now been repaired
The Newtonian Limit for Asymptotically Flat Solutions of the Vlasov-Einstein System
It is shown that there exist families of asymptotically flat solutions of the
Einstein equations coupled to the Vlasov equation describing a collisionless
gas which have a Newtonian limit. These are sufficiently general to confirm
that for this matter model as many families of this type exist as would be
expected on the basis of physical intuition. A central role in the proof is
played by energy estimates in unweighted Sobolev spaces for a wave equation
satisfied by the second fundamental form of a maximal foliation.Comment: 24 pages, plain TE
Apparent giant dielectric constants, dielectric relaxation, and ac-conductivity of hexagonal perovskites La1.2Sr2.7BO7.33 (B = Ru, Ir)
We present a thorough dielectric investigation of the hexagonal perovskites
La1.2Sr2.7IrO7.33 and La1.2Sr2.7RuO7.33 in a broad frequency and temperature
range, supplemented by additional infrared measurements. The occurrence of
giant dielectric constants up to 10^5 is revealed to be due to electrode
polarization. Aside of dc and ac conductivity contributions, we detect two
intrinsic relaxation processes that can be ascribed to ionic hopping between
different off-center positions. In both materials we find evidence for charge
transport via hopping of localized charge carriers. In the infrared region,
three phonon bands are detected, followed by several electronic excitations. In
addition, these materials provide further examples for the occurrence of a
superlinear power law in the broadband ac conductivity, which recently was
proposed to be a universal feature of all disordered matter.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
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