Hairpin impacted in the duodenum of a 4-month-old child - a rarity

Foreign body ingestion is common in children. The accidental ingestion is usually seen in children due to lingual curiosity. Most of the foreign body passes spontaneously through gastrointestinal (GI) tract; hence, requiring no removal. This is a case of impacted hairpin in the duodenum of a 4-month-old female child who accidentally ingested hairpin and was asymptomatic initially for 1 month and later presented with melena requiring surgical removal of hairpin. We failed to find in literature impacted hairpin in the duodenum associated with GI bleeding

Multifunctional Generic System

As per the present scenario of computing world a huge number of calculation are required in many fields such as research and development , computer having high computational power is needed and thus the cost to maintain such project is quite high. As per the cen sus of 2012, 360,985,492 i.e. 34% of todays gadgets ar e connected to internet, by our project we have proposed an approach to develop a generic system by which we can easily configure these 34% devices to take part in these computation s. M oreover our approach offers a high degree of flexibility , we can use th e computational capabilities of any device for any random task . If the problem definition changes slightly or entirely our system will not be affected by these changes. We have proposed as approach to buil t the system suitable for co rpo rate world by which they can provide various services and at the same time they will be using their client system for their various computational needs. Thus our project is multifunctional and generic in true sense

Atomic Force Microscopy Tip-enhanced Laser Ablation

In the present work, an apertureless atomic force microscope (AFM) tip-enhanced laser ablation (TELA) system was developed and investigated. An AFM was coupled to an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) wavelength tunable laser for sample ablation with a submicron sampling size. The AFM was used to image the surface and hold the AFM tip 10 nm above the sample surface. The AFM tip is coated with a layer of gold with a thickness of 35 nm. The incident laser wavelength was tuned in the visible and near-infrared (IR) region and focused on the AFM tip. With the tip-enhancement effect, ablation craters on the surface with a submicron size were obtained. The mechanism of TELA was investigated using anthracene and three laser dyes: rhodamine B, methylene blue, and IR 797 chloride. All samples were prepared in thin films and the laser energy was set just below their far-field ablation threshold. The wavelength was tuned from 450 to 1100 nm to cover the visible and near-IR range. It was found that ablation is independent of the absorption of the compounds. The ablation crater volume was measured and found to have a maximum at 500 nm and an approximately linear drop to 800 nm. Craters could not be produced between 800 and 1200 nm and were slightly smaller at 450 nm compared to 500 nm. Apertureless TELA was then performed to sample plasmid DNA with 532 nm, which resulted in a sampling volume of 0.14 μm3 with 12% in variation. The captured DNA was amplified and the amount of sample transferred from each ablation crater was quantitated at 20 ag/spot

Infrared Laser Ablation for Biomolecule Sampling

In this research, an infrared laser at a wavelength of 3 µm was used to ablate material from tissue sections for biomolecule analysis. Pulsed infrared (IR) irradiation of tissue with a focused laser beam efficiently removed biomolecules, such as proteins, enzymes, DNA, and RNA from tissue sections for further analysis. In a proteomics project, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to determine regions of interest (ROI) for laser ablation. The matrix was then washed off. By overlaying the MSI generated heat-map, the section was sampled using IR laser ablation and custom stage-control software. Two ROI were selected and ablated from the same tissue section after MALDI-MSI. More than 700 proteins were identified in each region. A comparison of molecular localization and activity of identified proteins from two regions was performed. IR laser ablation was used to transfer enzymes while retaining their enzymatic activity. Three different laser fluences were used for ablating two enzymes: trypsin and catalase. Approximately 75% of the enzyme was transferred for all the fluences tested. According to fluorescence quantification, around 35% of the captured trypsin and 51% of the captured catalase were active after laser ablation. Regions were ablated and captured from frontal cortex and cerebellum of rat brain tissue sections and catalase activity was measured from the ablated material without further sample preparation. The catalase activity in the two regions was consistent with previously published data, demonstrating transfer of active enzymes from tissue. IR-laser ablation was used for sampling DNA and RNA. To test ablation transfer of large DNA, a 3200 base pair plasmid was used and evaluation of DNA quality after laser ablation was accomplished by comparing the sequencing performance of samples obtained from laser ablation and a control plasmid. Consistent results for intact DNA were obtained when the laser fluence was below 24 kJ/m2. Regions 1 and 4 mm2 square were ablated from rat brain and kidney tissue sections. Ablated material was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with four primers from two genes. For RNA sampling, human kidney total RNA was used. The integrity of the RNA after laser ablation was monitored by gel electrophoresis. Low and high energy thresholds were determined, indicating the range in which intact RNA transfer could be achieved at the highest efficiency. Areas 2 mm2 square were ablated from the rat brain tissue. After RNA purification and reverse transcription, mRNA was amplified and quantified using quantitative PCR with two genes