8 research outputs found

    Development and evaluation of a person-centered nursing intervention for frailty in pre-frail community-dwelling older adults

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ๋ฐ•์—ฐํ™˜.์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ๊ณผ ์ „ํ—ˆ์•ฝ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์›์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ทจ์•ฝ ์ƒํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‚™์ƒ, ์‹œ์„ค์ž…์†Œ, ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ „ํ—ˆ์•ฝ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ง์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „ํ—ˆ์•ฝ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜, ์š”๊ตฌ, ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํ—ˆ์•ฝ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ Fried์˜ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜(cycle of frailty) ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ McCormack๊ณผ McCance์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ(person-centered nursing framework)๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ํ›„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ณผ ์ž๋ฌธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ํ†ต์ œ๊ตฐ ์ „ํ›„ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์ „ํ—ˆ์•ฝ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๋…ธ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 20๋ช…, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 20๋ช…์œผ๋กœ 40๋ช…์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ตœ์ข… ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ 12์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ 2ํšŒ, ์ด 24ํšŒ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ํ›„ 4์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ด 4ํšŒ์˜ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•…๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ„์ด์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋…ธ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ, ๊ฐ„์ด์˜์–‘ํ‰๊ฐ€, ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ๋…ธ์ธ ์šฐ์šธ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ˜• ์ฒ™๋„, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€ ์ฒ™๋„, CHS ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์ง€์ˆ˜, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ž๊ฐ์„ฑ ์šด๋™๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์ฒ™๋„์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS IBM Statistics Program 21 ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ํ†ต๊ณ„, ฯ‡2โ€test, Fishers exact test, Independent tโ€test, Mannโ€Whitney U test๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ณธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ •, ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ค‘์žฌ์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ์…˜, ๊ฒฉ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” 6ํšŒ์˜ ์ „ํ™” ์ง€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ 70%๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 78.20์„ธ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌ ์งํ›„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•…๋ ฅ ์ขŒ์ธก(p=.022), ์•…๋ ฅ ์šฐ์ธก(p=.009), ๊ฐ„์ด์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ ์ˆ˜(p=.007), ํ•œ๊ตญํŒ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋…ธ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€ ์ ์ˆ˜(p=.009), ๊ฐ„์ด์˜์–‘ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ์ˆ˜(p=.018), ์šฐ์šธ ์ ์ˆ˜(p=.001), CHS ํ—ˆ์•ฝ ์ง€์ˆ˜(p<.001)๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์ง€ ์ฒ™๋„(ESSI)์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์•…๋ ฅ, ์‹ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™, ์˜์–‘์ƒํƒœ, ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ์ฆ์ง„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ , ํ—ˆ์•ฝ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ „ํ—ˆ์•ฝ ์ƒํƒœ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ยท์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋…ธ์ธ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณต์ง€๊ด€์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์‹คํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋…ธ์ธ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณต์ง€๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋…ธ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.Background: Pre-frailty and frailty are common among the community-dwelling old people over 65 year. Frailty is a term generally used to represent multidimensional syndrome and a condition of the decline of adaptive capacity of the organism to poor homeostasis in times of acute events and increases adverse outcomes. In particular, once someone is pre-frail condition, they are more likely to head toward frailty status that is usually a rapidly progressive and self-perpetuating to death after all, thus we need to develop a nursing intervention for pre-frail older adults. Older adults are a priority target for person-centered care that is respectful of and responsive to individual values, needs, preferences because they have various health status and complex care needs. Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a person-centered nursing intervention for frailty and to evaluate its effect on prevention of frailty in pre-frail community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The theoretical framework of this study was based on cycle of frailty model proposed by Fried and colleagues and the person-centered nursing framework developed by McCormack and McCance. A content validation by experts was done to construct a person-centered nursing intervention for frailty. Randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed program. The study subjects were community-dwelling older adults aged above 65 years and classified as pre-frail of the CHS frailty index. In total, 40 older adults (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) from a senior centers participated in the present study. The experimental group received group intervention sessions 2 days per week for 12 weeks. The control group attended lectures about prevention of frailty one day per week for 4 weeks. The instruments for program evaluation were JAMARโ“‡ hydraulic hand dynamometer, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Korean version of Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors Questionnaire (K-CHAMPS), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-Korea Version (GDSSF-K), ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI), Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Frailty Index, Borgs scale, Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). The descriptive analysis, ฯ‡2โ€test, Fishers exact test, Independent tโ€test, Mannโ€Whitney U test were analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 for Windows Program. Results: The PNIF consisted of initial individualized assessment, session 1 (exercise and physical activity), session 2 (nutrition and psychosocial support), telephone support. 70% were females and mean age of all participants was 78.20 years. The mean differences in left-hand grip strength (p=.022), right-hand grip strength (p=.009), SPPB (p=.007), K-CHAMPS (p=.009), MNA (p=.018), GDSSF-K (p=.001), CHS Frailty Index (p<.001) between the preโ€ and postโ€intervention of the experimental group were significantly different from those of the control group after 12 weeks. The differences in ESSI score were not significant between the two groups. Conclusion: The PNIF was effective in improving grip strength, physical function, physical activity, nutritional status, reducing depression, and preventing frailty. This study has significant meaning in identifying the feasibility of a person-centered nursing intervention for frailty at a senior center. We need more nursing staff for applying a person-centered nursing intervention and improving health status of community-dwelling older adults.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  5 3. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 6 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 10 1. ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ 10 2. ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ค‘์žฌ 21 3. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ค‘์žฌ(PERSON-CENTERED CARE INTERVENTION) 31 โ…ข. ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ธฐํ‹€ 37 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ธฐํ‹€ 37 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 40 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 1. ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 41 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 47 โ…ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 64 1. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 64 2. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํšจ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€ 90 โ…ฅ. ๋…ผ์˜ 113 1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 113 2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ—ˆ์•ฝ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํšจ๊ณผ 119 3. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์  ์˜์˜ 126 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  128 โ…ฆ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 130 1. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  130 2. ์ œ์–ธ 131 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 132 ๋ถ€๋ก 162 ABSTRACT 224Docto

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