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    κ²½μ˜μ„±κ³Όμ™€ μžμ‚°κ·œλͺ¨λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν–‰μ •λŒ€ν•™μ› 곡기업정책학과, 2021.8. 박상인.Public anxiety is growing due to the polarization of the economy, safety, and environmental pollution driven by an economic value-driven growth strategy. As a result, interest and discussion on social values are increasing. Moon Jae-in government is continually emphasizing in implementing the social value of public sector. In particular, the government reorganized the management evaluation system of public institutions to harmonize the efficiency and public nature of public institutions from 2018. As such, the importance of realizing social values in the public sector is growing. However, research on the relationship between public institutions' social values and financial conditions remains scarce. Both the good management theory and the slack resources theory were conducted in the study of private companies. However, for public institutions, it has only been carried out in terms of good management theory. In this study, it was intended to analyze the management performance and asset size of public institutions and their relationship to social valuation in terms of slack resources theory for public enterprises and quasi-governmental institutions. In addition, the impact of changes in the management evaluation system on social value assessment was analyzed. The results of the analysis are as follows.First, the past management performance of public institutions has not been shown to have a significant impact on the current social value assessment of public institutions. The results were different from previous studies of private companies. A public institution is a mixed organization that has both 'publicity' and 'corporacy'. It was confirmed that the increase in profits does not directly affect the creation of social value. Second, the larger the total assets of public institutions, the more advantageous the social value assessment. The larger the total assets, the more people and funds they can have in more industries, so they can pursue social value activities based on this, which is thought to be more competitive than public institutions that do not. Finally, public institutions with larger assets responded effectively to the reorganization of management evaluation. In the case of public institutions with large total assets, the social value evaluation score was higher than those that did not. The reason is that due to the large number of resources such as manpower and budget, it was able to respond more quickly to the change in management evaluation reform. As revealed in this study, public institutions must pursue both public and corporate nature in order to satisfy the public and gain trust from stakeholders. Public institutions should be aware of social value activities as the most effective way to increase publicness. The government should improve the fairness of management evaluation and further focus public institutions on realizing social value by preparing ways to objectively and accurately measure the level of social value activities.경제적 κ°€μΉ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ„±μž₯ μ „λž΅μ— μ˜ν•œ 경제의 양극화와 κ³ μš©λΆˆμ•ˆ, λ”λΆˆμ–΄ μ•ˆμ „, ν™˜κ²½μ˜€μ—Ό λ“±μœΌλ‘œ κ΅­λ―Όλ“€μ˜ λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ΄ 컀지고 μžˆλ‹€. 이에 따라 곡곡의 이읡과 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ λ°œμ „μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μΉ˜λ‘œμ„œ, μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 관심과 λ…Όμ˜κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 문재인 μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³΅κ³΅λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ μ‹€ν˜„μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  있으며, 특히 2018λ…„λΆ€ν„° κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„±κ³Ό 곡곡성을 μ‘°ν™”μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 곡곡기관 κ²½μ˜ν‰κ°€ μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ „λ©΄ κ°œνŽΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이와 같이 κ³΅κ³΅λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ μ‹€ν˜„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄ 점점 컀지고 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 싀정이닀. 특히 λ―Όκ°„κΈ°μ—… λŒ€μƒμ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ±…μž„ ν™œλ™μ΄ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 재무적 성과에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€λŠ” μ„ μ˜κ²½μ˜(good management) 관점과 κΈ°μ—…μ„±κ³Όκ°€ 쒋은 기업이 μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ±…μž„ ν™œλ™μ„ 적극적으둜 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ—¬μœ μžμ›(slack resources) 관점 λͺ¨λ‘ μ§„ν–‰λœ 반면, 곡곡기관은 μ„ μ˜κ²½μ˜ 관점에 μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 곡기업 및 쀀정뢀기관을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ κ²½μ˜μ„±κ³Όμ™€ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ ν‰κ°€μ™€μ˜ 관계에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ—¬μœ μžμ› κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μžμ‚°κ·œλͺ¨κ°€ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ 평가에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬλͺ¨ν˜•μ€ κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ 평가에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ μ΄μžμ‚°μˆœμ΄μ΅λ₯ (ROA)κ³Ό μ΄μžμ‚° 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό λŒ€μš©λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ , μ’…μ†λ³€μˆ˜μΈ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ ν‰κ°€λŠ” κ²½μ˜ν‰κ°€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ μ§€ν‘œ 득점을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹€μ¦μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μΆ”κ°€μ μœΌλ‘œ 평가체계 κ°œνŽΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯을 ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 개편 μ „ο½₯ν›„ 각 2λ…„κ°„μ˜ 데이터λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μΆ”κ°€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²½μ˜ν‰κ°€ 개편, 뢀채 λΉ„μœ¨, κΈ°κ΄€ 정원, κΈ°κ΄€ μœ ν˜•μ„ ν†΅μ œλ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„μ˜ 틀을 ν™•μž₯ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석결과 첫째, κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ 과거의 κ²½μ˜μ„±κ³ΌλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ 곡곡기관 μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ 평가에 μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ 민간기업을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 선행연ꡬ와 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. 곡곡기관은 곡읡을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” β€˜κ³΅κ³΅μ„±β€™κ³Ό 이윀 κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” β€˜κΈ°μ—…μ„±β€™μ„ λ™μ‹œμ— 가진 ν˜Όν•© μ‘°μ§μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 수읡 μ°½μΆœμ΄λΌλŠ” κΈ°μ—…μ„± 츑면의 μ„±μž₯이 μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ μ°½μΆœμ΄λΌλŠ” κ³΅κ³΅μ„±κΉŒμ§€ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ΄μžμ‚° 규λͺ¨κ°€ 큰 κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μΌμˆ˜λ‘ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ ν‰κ°€μ—μ„œ μœ λ¦¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄μžμ‚° 규λͺ¨κ°€ 클수둝 보닀 λ§Žμ€ μ—…μ—­μ—μ„œ 인λ ₯κ³Ό μžκΈˆμ„ λ³΄μœ ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, 이λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ ν™œλ™μ„ 좔진할 수 있게 λ˜μ–΄ 그렇지 μ•Šμ€ 곡곡기관보닀 더 높은 경쟁λ ₯을 가진 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ κ²½μ˜ν‰κ°€ 개편이 μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ 평가에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œ λͺ¨ν˜•μ—μ„œλŠ” λΆ€(-)의 μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯을 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ‹€λ§Œ, μ΄μžμ‚° 규λͺ¨κ°€ 큰 κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ 경우 그렇지 μ•Šμ€ 기관에 λΉ„ν•΄ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ 평가 μ μˆ˜κ°€ λ†’μ•˜μœΌλ©°, κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” 인λ ₯, μ˜ˆμ‚° λ“±μ˜ μžμ›μ΄ λ§Žμ•„ κ²½μ˜ν‰κ°€ κ°œνŽΈμ΄λΌλŠ” 변화에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ’€ 더 μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 λ°ν˜€μ§„ 바와 같이 곡곡기관은 ꡭ민을 λ§Œμ‘±μ‹œν‚€κ³  μ΄ν•΄κ΄€κ³„μžλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 곡곡성과 기업성을 λ™μ‹œμ— 좔ꡬ해야 ν•˜λ©°, 곡곡성을 λ†’μ΄λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 효율적인 λ°©νŽΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ ν™œλ™μ„ 인식해야 ν•  것이닀. μ •λΆ€λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ λΉ„κ³„λŸ‰ μ§€ν‘œ μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ κ²½μ˜ν‰κ°€ 체계λ₯Ό μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ ν™œλ™ μˆ˜μ€€μ„ 객관적이고 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜λŠ” λ“± κ²½μ˜ν‰κ°€μ˜ 곡정성을 높이고 곡곡기관이 μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ μ‹€ν˜„μ— 집쀑할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ”μš± κ²½μ£Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀.제 1 μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  1 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 및 λͺ©μ  1 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒκ³Ό ꡬ성 3 제 2 μž₯ 이둠적 λ…Όμ˜ 및 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  6 제 1 절 μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜ 6 1. μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜μ˜ μ •μ˜ 6 2. μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜μ™€ μœ μ‚¬κ°œλ… 및 차별성 9 3. κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ 14 제 2 절 곡곡기관 κ²½μ˜ν‰κ°€μ™€ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ 17 제 3 절 κΈ°μ—…μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ ν™œλ™κ³Ό μž¬λ¬΄μ—¬κ±΄κ³Όμ˜ 관계 20 1. λ―Όκ°„κΈ°μ—…μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ±…μž„ ν™œλ™κ³Ό κ²½μ˜μ„±κ³Ό 21 2. κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ±…μž„ ν™œλ™κ³Ό κ²½μ˜μ„±κ³Ό 24 3. μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬μ™€μ˜ 차별성 26 제 3 μž₯ 연ꡬ섀계 28 제 1 절 연ꡬλͺ¨ν˜• 28 제 2 절 λ³€μˆ˜μ˜ μ„ μ • 및 μžλ£Œμˆ˜μ§‘ 방법 29 1. λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜ 29 2. μ’…μ†λ³€μˆ˜ 31 3. ν†΅μ œλ³€μˆ˜ 35 4. λ³€μˆ˜μ˜ μš”μ•½ 36 제 3 절 연ꡬ가섀 및 뢄석λͺ¨ν˜• 37 1. κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ κ²½μ˜μ„±κ³Όκ°€ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ 평가에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 38 2. κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μžμ‚°κ·œλͺ¨κ°€ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ°€μΉ˜ 평가에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯ 38 제 4 μž₯ 연ꡬ결과 40 제 1 절 κΈ°μˆ ν†΅κ³„ 뢄석 40 1. λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜ 40 2. μ’…μ†λ³€μˆ˜ 41 3. ν†΅μ œλ³€μˆ˜ 42 제 2 절 λ‹€μ€‘νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„ 43 1. 닀쀑곡선성 진단 43 2. λ‹€μ€‘νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„ κ²°κ³Ό 46 제 3 절 κ°€μ„€κ²€μ •μ˜ 결과와 해석 50 제 5 μž₯ κ²° λ‘  53 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όμ˜ μš”μ•½ 53 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ‹œμ‚¬μ  및 정책적 ν•¨μ˜ 54 제 3 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œκ³„ 및 ν–₯ν›„ μ—°κ΅¬κ³Όμ œ 57 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 59 Abstract 65 뢀둝 68석

    ν•œκ΅­ν˜• MaaS λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ λͺ¨λΈ μ œμ‹œ : μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 청사진과 페λ₯΄μ†Œλ‚˜ 기법을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄ λ„μž…μ„ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ ν•œκ΅­ν˜• MaaS λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν”Œ 랫폼으둜 κ΅ν†΅μˆ˜λ‹¨μ„ μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” MaaS(Mobility as a Service)λŠ” κ°œμΈμ—κ²Œ λ§žμΆ€ν˜• μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 제곡이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©°, μ΄λ™μ˜ νŽΈμ˜μ„±κ³Ό 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λΌλŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 졜근 κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ 관심을 λ°› κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλ„ λ‹€μˆ˜ 기업이 MaaS μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— 관심을 가지고 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ λ„μž…μ„ μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬ가 ν™œλ°œ ν•˜κ²Œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 이에, κ΅­λ‚΄ κ΅ν†΅ν™˜κ²½μ— μ΅œμ ν™”λœ MaaS μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ λ„μž…μ„ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•΄μ™Έμ—μ„œ 제곡 쀑인 MaaS μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ 사둀λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ , κ³΅μœ ν”Œλž«νΌμ˜ μœ΅ν•©μ„ 톡해 경쟁λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ λͺ¨λΈμΈ ν•œκ΅­ν˜• MaaS λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ„€κ³„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ λͺ¨λΈ 섀계λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 청사진을 μ œμž‘ν•œ ν›„, 고객의 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 페λ₯΄μ†Œλ‚˜ 기법을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 고객 경둜 지도와 감정지도 λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 청사진에 λŒ€ν•œ 9가지 Fail Pointλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆκ³ , Key Performance Indicatorλ₯Ό μ±„νƒν•˜μ—¬ κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ”μš± κ΅¬μ²΄ν™”ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬ에 μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ±„νƒν•œ μžλ™μ°¨ μ œμ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” 성별, 지역, λ‚˜μ΄ 등에 λ”°λ₯Έ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ°¨μ’… μ„ ν˜Έ 에 λŒ€ν•œ 데이터λ₯Ό 얻을 수 있으며, μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 이용 고객 증가에 따라 μ‹œμž₯ μ μœ μœ¨μ„ λ†’μ—¬ μΆ”ν›„ 더 많 은 고객을 μœ μΉ˜ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ΄ μžˆλ‹€

    The Problems of Russian Constructivism and Social Revolution: An Experiment for the New Life and New Man

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    λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ κ΅¬μΆ•μ£Όμ˜λŠ” νšŒν™”μ™€ 쑰각, 건좕, λ˜λŠ” 문학에 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 폭넓은 μŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌ μ†μ—μ„œ μ§„ν–‰λœ μ˜ˆμˆ μš΄λ™μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νƒ€ν‹€λ¦°μ΄λ‚˜ λ‘œλ“œμ²Έμ½”, κΈ΄μ¦ˆλΆ€λ₯΄κ·Έ 등이 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μΌμ’…μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒν•™μžμ΄μž 혁λͺ…κ°€, μ •μΉ˜κ°€μ΄μž 기술자둜 κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μž‘μ—…ν–ˆλ˜ 점을 κ³ λ €ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, κ΅¬μΆ•μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό 단지 문화적 μ•„λ°©κ°€λ₯΄λ“œμ˜ μ˜ˆμˆ μ‹€ν—˜μ— κ΅­ν•œμ‹œν‚¬ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†λ‹€. 그듀은 건좕물에 μ‚¬νšŒμ  의미λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜λ € ν–ˆκ³ , κ±΄μΆ•μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ€ λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ—κ²Œ (무)μ˜μ‹μ  효과λ₯Ό λ°©μ‚¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ ꡬ좕에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆλ‹€. 특히 이듀이 μΆ”κ΅¬ν–ˆλ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯주의적 κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” μƒν™œκ³΅κ°„μ˜ λ””μžμΈκ³Ό ꡬ성을 톡해 λŒ€μ€‘λ“€μ˜ 신체에 혁λͺ…을 κ°μΈμ‹œν‚€κ³  λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ μ²΄λ“ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ°μˆ˜μ„±μ˜ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ λ…Έμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 그것은 건좕과 삢을 ν†΅ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ 혁λͺ…을 μ²΄λ“ν•˜λŠ” κΈΈμ΄μ—ˆκ³ , 이둜써 건좕은 μΌμ’…μ˜ 혁λͺ…μ˜ 학ꡐ, 즉 μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ‘μΆ•κΈ°λ‘œ 뢀각될 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ΅¬μΆ•μ£Όμ˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 혁λͺ…은 λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ˜ 건좕적 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 톡해 μ™„κ²°λ˜λŠ” 것이닀. 이 κΈ°νšμ€ 1930λ…„λŒ€λ₯Ό μ „ν›„ν•΄ μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ μŠ€νƒˆλ¦°μ£Όμ˜λ‘œ κ²½λ„λ˜λ©΄μ„œ ν‡΄λ½μ˜ 길을 걷게 λœλ‹€. 체제의 μ•ˆμ •κ³Ό 곡고화λ₯Ό μΆ”μ§„ν•˜λ˜ μŠ€νƒˆλ¦° μ‚¬νšŒλŠ” λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ˜ 점진적 ν›ˆλ ¨λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 즉각적이고 λ‹¨κΈ°μ μœΌλ‘œ 성취될 수 μžˆλŠ” μ˜μ‹ν™”λ₯Ό 더 μ„ ν˜Έν–ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ•„λ°©κ°€λ₯΄λ“œμ  μ‹€ν—˜μ€ 더 이상 쑴립할 수 μ—†κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ„ ν†΅ν•œ 감성과 신체적 λ³€ν™”μ˜ κ΅¬μΆ•μ£Όμ˜μ  κΈ°νšμ€ ν¬κΈ°λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. This article is dedicated to the history of the Russian constructivism as a social revolution. The Russian Constructivism has been generally known as a cultural movement, or an art tendency which spreaded broadly in the period of Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. This may be true, because a large number of the people who worked as Futurists or Avant-Garde in 1910s were poets, painters, sculptors, musicians, and architects. However, I insist that they were not only artists in many cultural areas, but also practical activists in socio-political areas in very strong ways. The ideas of their artistic vision were based on the social revolution which could be fulfilled with the special way of cultural practice, different from the traditional revolutionary ways. Especially, the experiments of some constructivists were worthy of notice, because the architectural constructivists, for example V. Tatlin, A. Rodchenko, or M. Ginzburg and so on, attempted to change the peoples (un)conscious base with practical architectural experiments. As Leon Trotsky thought, a society could be fundamentally changed only by changing their customs and habits. So Ginsburg would like to call his work as social condensator for the authentic social revolution. This is why we have to investigate the Russian Constructivism as a social revolutionary movement

    Bakhtin, Kant and Neo-Kantianism –On the Context of the Early Bakhtinian Thought in the Intellectual History

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    It is well known that early Bakhtinian thought was deeply influenced by Kant, especially Neo-Kantianism which prevailed in the beginning of 20-th century in Europe. Bakhtin was all aware of Neo-Kantianists philosophy through Matvei Kagan, a friend of Bakhtin circle who studied in Marburg. But it was Kant that appeared as Bakhtins real rival in his genesis of thought, because Bakhtins Philosophy of act and other early essays actually oriented to the ethical problematics of Kant. I think this kind of research belongs to the study of the intellectual history. This article aims to show the intellectual contexts between early Baktin and Kant, Neo-Kantianism. I tried to inquire the unspoken context of Bakhtins first essay Art and Answerability in which Bakhtin declared the unity between Life and Ethics in Modern world. In this regard, Bakhtin is thoroughly counted as an epigonen of the Kantian philosophical problematics, because Kant was the very man who justified the division of the Modern cultural areas. The later development of Bakhtinian thought was characterized as a kind of answer to the Kants problems, including the period of the Philosophical Aesthetics in 1920-s. In result, Individuality(Lichnost) and Answerability were the key concepts in this phase of young Bakhtin

    The Political Dynamics between Culture and Anti-Culture: A Politics of the Minority and the Becoming in Bakhtinian Thought

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    λ°”νμΉœ λ¬Έν™”μ΄λ‘ μ˜ 핡심은 닀원둠 μ†μ˜ 일원둠, ν˜Ήμ€ 일원둠 μ†μ˜ 닀원둠에 μžˆλ‹€. μƒν˜Έν™˜μ›λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ³ μœ ν•œ ν˜•μ‹μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 문화적 ν‘œν˜„ν˜•μ‹λ“€μ€ 단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μœ μΌν•œ 힘이 μƒμ΄ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μΉ­λ˜λŠ” 이름듀이닀. μ €λ§ˆλ‹€μ˜ κ³ μœ μ„±μ„ μƒμ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν‘œν˜„μ  ν˜•μ‹λ“€μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀과 λ”λΆˆμ–΄, κ·Έ ν˜•μ‹λ“€μ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜κ³  μ„±μž₯ν•˜λ©° μ‚¬λ©Έν•˜λ„λ‘ μΆ”λ™ν•˜λŠ”, κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ μƒμ„±ν•˜λ„λ‘ μΆ”λ™ν•˜λŠ” 쑴재의 톡일성이 을 κ΄€ν†΅ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬μœ μ˜ 쀑핡이라 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ“€λ’°μ¦ˆμ™€ 가타리, 넀그리와 ν•˜νŠΈμ˜ λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό λΉŒμ–΄, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°”νμΉœμ˜ 문화둠이 μƒμ„±μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬λ‘ μ— 이어져 μžˆμŒμ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Ό 것이닀. λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λŠ” μ‹€μž¬μ μΈ 힘 μžμ²΄λŠ” 반(反)문화라 μ§€μΉ­λ˜λŠ” 비곡식적 차원에 μžˆλ‹€. 곡식적 λ¬Έν™”μ˜ νƒ€μžμ΄μž 외뢀인 비곡식 λ¬Έν™”λŠ” κΈ°μ„±μ˜ 문화적 μ œλ„μ™€ 양식, ν˜•νƒœλ“€μ˜ 해체λ₯Ό μ΄‰μ§„ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έν™”κ°€ 탄생할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ΄‰λ°œν•˜λŠ” μƒμ„±μ˜ 근원에 ν•΄λ‹Ήλœλ‹€. 민쀑적 λ¬Έν™”, μ›ƒμŒμ˜ λ¬Έν™”, 그리고 κ·Έλ‘œν…ŒμŠ€ν¬ λ¦¬μ–Όλ¦¬μ¦˜μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°˜λ¬Έν™”μ  생성을 κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” μ–Έν‘œλ“€λ‘œμ„œ, λ°”νμΉœ λ¬Έν™”μ΄λ‘ μ˜ ꢁ극적인 μš”μ§€λŠ” λ°˜λ¬Έν™”μ  역동에 μ˜ν•΄ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ ν˜•μ„±μ΄ κ²¬μΈλœλ‹€λŠ” 사싀에 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ λ°˜λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό μΆ”λ™ν•˜λŠ” 파괴적인 νž˜μ€ ν•„μ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒμ„±μ˜ ꡬ좕적 νž˜μ— κ²°λΆ€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŒμ„ 인식해야 ν•  것이닀. 기쑴의 지배적 λ¬Έν™”κΆŒλ ₯, 문화적 지측을 λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ € μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 문화적 ν˜•μ‹μ„ μ°½μ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 과정은 μ •μΉ˜μ  과정이고, 이λ₯Ό μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œμˆ˜μ„±κ³Ό μƒμ„±μ˜ μ •μΉ˜ν•™μ΄λΌ λͺ…λͺ…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν›„κΈ° λ°”νμΉœ μ‚¬μœ μ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 문화와 λ°˜λ¬Έν™”μ˜ 동λ ₯학은 μ •μΉ˜μ  μ‚¬μœ λ‘œ μ „ν™”λœλ‹€. The purpose of this article is to search for the new possibilities of the political philosophy in the light of dynamics between culture and anti-culture in Bakhtinian thought. The main starting point is Bakhtins idea such as the deconstruction and/or the construction of culture, for he argues that there is a fundamental power, which establishes the ontological base for every existence. This idea is primarily expressed and developed in the Rabelais and His World. This paper is an attempt to evaluate it on the basis of modern radical politico-philosophical thoughts of G. Deleuze, F. Guattari, A. Negri among others. At the forefront of this research lies the problems of the power of becoming. The result is a fundamental connection between monism and pluralism. Considering both of these poles within the power of becoming, we can understand that they constitute different expressions of the same power (puissance). What will be revealed in this idea? If we accept the thesis – the power of becoming is the only power in reality, its the real, we see that the veiled core of a culture is the anti-cultural tendencies within it. Thus, the dynamics of (anti-)culture, in fact, is deployed in the socio-political dimension. Thats why the power of becoming-minority is an essential point not only in cultural studies, but also in the politics of culture

    Acts and Events : Ethics and the Architectonics of Life in M. Bakhtins Thoughts

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    λ°”νμΉœ μ‚¬μœ μ˜ κΈ°μ›μ—λŠ” 문화와 μ‚Άμ˜ λΆ„μ—΄μ΄λž€ λ¬Έμ œμ˜μ‹μ΄ λ†“μ—¬μžˆλ‹€. λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μ„Έκ³„λŠ” 계산가λŠ₯성에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•΄ 있으며, μ΄λŠ” κ·Έ 세계가 κΈ°μˆ κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 합리성, μ²΄κ³„λ‘œ λŒ€λ³€λ˜λŠ” ν˜„λŒ€μ„±μ˜ κ°€μ‹œμ  μ˜μ—­μž„μ„ λœ»ν•œλ‹€. 반면 μ‚Άμ˜ μ„Έκ³„λŠ” λ¬Έν™”μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 근저에 놓인 사건과 μƒμ„±μ˜ μ„Έκ³„λ‘œμ„œ 논리와 μΈμ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν™˜μ›λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μƒμ˜ 근원적 μœ μ—­μ„ 가리킨닀. 그것은 계산 κ°€λŠ₯μ„± λ„ˆλ¨Έμ— 있으며 일회적이고 λ°˜λ³΅λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 차원이라 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ°”νμΉœμ—κ²Œ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ μœ„κΈ°λŠ” 이 두 세계가 κ·Ήλ‹¨μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ¦¬λ˜μ–΄ μ„œλ‘œ λ§Œλ‚˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” λ°μ„œ λ°œμƒν–ˆκ³ , μœ€λ¦¬ν•™μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ œκΈ°λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό νƒ€κ°œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 적극적인 λͺ¨μƒ‰μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ°”νμΉœμ€ λΆ„μ—΄μ˜ 극볡이 μ–΄λ–€ μ΄ˆμ›”μ μΈ μ΄λ…μ΄λ‚˜ 원칙을 κ°œμΈμ—κ²Œ κ°•μ œν•˜κ³  μ£Όμž…ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 이루어지리라 생각지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. 차라리 각자의 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ 보편의 μ°¨μ›μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°€λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œλ§Œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μœ€λ¦¬λŠ” 성립할 것이닀. 사건은 이 λ‚˜λ₯Ό λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ νƒ€μžλ“€κ³Όμ˜ μ ‘μ†μ§€λŒ€μ΄κ³ , μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬κ±΄λ“€μ˜ 계열을 νŒŒμƒμ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ‚Άκ³Ό λ¬Έν™” μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ (윀리적) 가ꡐλ₯Ό λ†“λŠ” 과정이닀. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν–‰μœ„ 없이 사건에 κ΄€μ—¬ν•  수 μ—†κ³ , 사건 없이 이 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ ꡬ좕에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€. 이렇듯 1920λ…„λŒ€ μ²­λ…„ λ°”νμΉœμ΄ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 윀리λ₯Ό μ •μ΄ˆν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 진λ ₯ν•˜λ˜ 것은 ν–‰μœ„μ™€ 사건을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μœ ν•  κ²ƒμΈκ°€λž€ λ¬Έμ œμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 그에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 삢은 λ‹Ήμœ„μ  μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄λ‚˜ κ·œλ²”μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 우리 μ•žμ— μžˆλŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ꡬ좕해야 ν•  κ³Όμ œλ‘œμ„œ 던져져 μžˆκΈ°μ—, ν–‰μœ„μ˜ μ² ν•™κ³Ό μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ μœ€λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 과제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‹€μ²œμ  ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ •μœ„λœλ‹€. μš”μ»¨λŒ€ ν–‰μœ„μ™€ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ μ‹€μ²œμ„ 톡해 문화와 μ‚Άμ˜ 두 세계λ₯Ό μ’…ν•©ν•˜λŠ” 것(건좕학)이 윀리이며, 그둜써 λΆ„μ—΄μ΄λΌλŠ” κ·ΌλŒ€μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλ„ ν•΄μ†Œλ˜λ¦¬λΌ μ „λ§ν–ˆλ˜ 것이닀.There are some fundamental problems concerning the division of the Modern world between life and culture in young Bakhtinian thought. For him, culture is made up of the totality of the effective calculability, rationalized with science and technology, and spiritual and physical systems. The main characteristic of the cultural world is established in the unity which always arranges all the parts of culture hierarchically. In contrast to this, however, life lies beyond this calculability and is full of fragmentary, individual, unlinear acts and events. This uniqueness appears as a distinctive feature of a life. What is the relationship between culture and life? The former is visible and tangible, the latter is invisible, concealed beneath culture. According to Bakhtin, the only way to resolve the problem of this Modern division exists in creating a philosophy of the act, or an ethics of life. But this kind of philosophy is different from traditional morality because the Bakhtinian concept of acts and events begins with the individualized activities of everybody. In this sense, his ethics are neither a platonic Idea nor a Kantian categorical imperative, which force upon us the absolute norms of life. Bakhtin insists that we have to create our own ethical grammar with an answerability in events. That is why he calls the new ethics (a philosophy of the act) an Architectonics of Life
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