66 research outputs found

    State Formation, Religion and National Identity: Macro Historical Reflections on Europe

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    이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ―Όμ‘± 정체성이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 쒅ꡐ와 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μƒν˜Έ 관계가 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯κ³Ό κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ±°μ‹œ μ—­μ‚¬μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. 이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ 핡심은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 유럽 κ΅­κ°€ ν˜•μ„± κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ ν–‰μœ„μžλ“€μ΄ 쒅ꡐλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” μ •μΉ˜μ  논리λ₯Ό κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λ©°, 일단 νŠΉμ • ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ ν˜•μ„±λœ μ •μΉ˜μ™€ μ’…κ΅μ˜ 결합체가 μž₯기적으둜 지속됨을 ν™•μΈν•œλ‹€. 쀑세 μ‹œκΈ° μ„œμœ λŸ½ μ§€μ—­μ˜ ν”„λž‘μŠ€λ‚˜ 슀페인의 경우 보편적 κ°€ν†¨λ¦­κ΅νšŒμ˜ 수호자λ₯Ό μžμ²˜ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 정톡성을 제일 λ¨Όμ € μ„Έμ› κ³ , 쀑뢀 유럽의 ν΄λž€λ“œμ™€ 헝가리 μ—­μ‹œ κ°€ν†¨λ¦­μ΄λΌλŠ” 쒅ꡐλ₯Ό 톡해 μ‹ μƒκ΅­κ°€μ˜ 정톡성을 ν™•λ³΄ν–ˆλ‹€. λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ‹œκΈ° 그리슀 정ꡐ가 μ§€λ°°ν•˜λ˜ 유럽의 동뢀 μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œλŠ” λΆˆκ°€λ¦¬μ•„μ™€ μ„Έλ₯΄λΉ„μ•„, 그리고 λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„κ°€ κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ½˜μŠ€νƒ„ν‹°λ…Έν”Œλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ…λ¦½ν•œ 자율적 정ꡐ ꡐ회λ₯Ό μ„Έμ›€μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ—­μ‹œ κ΅­κ°€ 정톡성을 ν™•λ³΄ν–ˆλ‹€. λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 16~17μ„ΈκΈ°μ—λŠ” μž‰κΈ€λžœλ“œμ˜ μ„±κ³΅νšŒ, λ΄λ§ˆν¬μ™€ μŠ€μ›¨λ΄μ˜ λ£¨ν„°κ΅νšŒ, μŠ€μœ„μŠ€μ™€ λ„€λœλž€λ“œμ˜ μΉΌλ±…κ΅νšŒ 등이 μ „ν˜•μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ΅­κ°€ 건섀과 κΈ°λ…κ΅μ˜ μ’…νŒŒμ  선택을 κ²°ν•©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 쒅ꡐ와 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 결합이 μ΄λ€„μ§€λŠ” 결정적 λΆ„μ μ˜ 곡톡점은 경쟁적 ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ μ •μΉ˜ μ„Έλ ₯이 정톡성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ „λž΅μ  선택이라고 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 그리고 결정적 λΆ„μ μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 쒅ꡐ와 μ •μΉ˜μ˜ 결합은 λ†€λΌμš΄ 지속성을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€ŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ§Žμ€ 경우 ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€λ„ κ·Έ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 성격은 특히 μ •κ΅λ‚˜ ν”„λ‘œν…ŒμŠ€νƒ„νŠΈ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ νŠΉμ • λ―Όμ‘± μ–Έμ–΄λ‚˜ λ¬Έμžμ™€ 쒅ꡐ적 선택이 결정체λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λ©΄μ„œ λ”μš± κ°•ν•œ λ―Όμ‘± μ •μ²΄μ„±μ˜ μš”μ†Œλ‘œ λ“±μž₯ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.This research analyses how the interaction between religion and politics has contributed to the formation of national identity in Europe from a macro-historical perspective. I insist upon the political rationale of using religious resources by analyzing historical critical junctures when state and particular religion have crystallized into one one of the most durable bases of national identity. In Catholic Europe, France and Spain have first established their state legitimacy by promoting the self-image of the guardian of the Church, while Poland and Hungary allied to the Catholic Church to enhance the legitimacy of their new states. The same analysis applies to the simultaneous establishment of independent Orthodox churches in Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia in the process of building new polities. Finally, examples of Protestant Europe are analyzed through the Anglican church, the Lutheran churches of Denmark and Sweden, and Calvinism in Switzerland and the Netherlands, along with the state formation process. In all those critical junctures, the alliance of religion and state formation has been a strategic choice for acquiring legitimacy in a competitive environment. This alliance has proved to be surprisingly durable especially when crystallized into state apparatus as well as into vernacular languages or specific writing systems in Orthodox and Protestant Europe

    Risk Law -Environmental Law as an Integrated Risk Management System-

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    Environmental (or technological) risk inheres in human condition. Whether brought on with nuclear energy technology, biotechnology or other high technologies, hazard is inevitable and ubiquitous. This new type of environmental problem differs in nature from the more familiar pollution and resource depletion problems. At its extreme environmental risk presents public decision-makers with the zero-infinity dilemma: a virtually zero probability of a virtually infinite catastrophe. Environmental risk has rapidly increased in importance over the last few decades and may indeed become the dominant type of environmental problem. Our society is especially vulnerable to environmental risk problems because the characteristics that distinguish environmental risk from traditional environmental problems make environmental risk problems less susceptible to management through existing regulatory, legal and economic institutions. This article aims to suggest a direction in management more suited to the characteristics of environmental risk and hence more likely to be effective than the current approach. For this purpose, this article explores a question of whether various approaches that are adjusted and developed within the current private and public law system can solve environmental risk problem. Originally, while civil law sets up individual liability system to sanction environmentally harmful behavior and industrial practices, traditional police administrative law works by directly intervening where there is obvious cause and effect. However, this system has an inherent limit in coping with environmental risk...이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λ°œμ „κΈ°κΈˆ 및 κ°„μ ‘μ—°κ΅¬κ²½λΉ„μ—μ„œ μ§€μ›λœ 연ꡬ비에 μ˜ν•΄ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€

    The Legal Status of Economic Reasoning in Adjudication -From the Perspective of Exclusive Legal Positivism-

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    In 2005, the Korean Ministry of National Defense (plaintiff) filed a lawsuit against five major domestic refineries (defendants), with the Seoul Central District Court claiming that they suffered damages in amount to Korean Won 165,967,357,805 due to the collusive bid riggings performed by the defendants. On January 23, 2007, the court rendered a judgment holding that the defendants were liable for the collusive bid riggings as claimed by the plaintiff and responsible for the damage of Korean Won 80,997,385,398. Calculating the damage amount, the court mainly relied on the econometric method. Depending upon Joseph Raz exclusive legal positivism, this essay explores whether Korean legal system recognizes the economic reasoning that the court relies on in calculating the damage amount. Main point of this essays conclusion is two-pronged. First, the court decision to rely on econometric method in calculating damage is valid in Korean legal system. Second, the court decision to normatively control various aspects of expert witness damage-calculating practice is also valid even though expert witness practice is so professional that courts seem to be unable to handle.이 논문은 μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λ²•ν•™λ°œμ „μž¬λ‹¨μΆœμ—° λ²•ν•™μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ 기금의 2007학년도 ν•™μˆ μ—°κ΅¬λΉ„ 의 보쑰λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŒ

    Don`t Take Politics Lightly -An Essay on Proportional Constitutionalism-

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    This essay concerns the relation between political process and judicial process. This particular relation is so problematic that people, lawyers or otherwise, have repeatedly expressed the following puzzling statement: While politics defines law, law regulates politics. As far as legal interpretation is concerned, this statement can be paraphrased as follows: Who determines the law? We are living in a pluralistic contemporary society where diverse and incommensurable values are in competition. People with diverse values compete with one another so that their societys law can reflect and communicate their own ways of valuing things. A reasonable person would try to support his or her claim with factual and normative arguments which he or she finds convincing from his or her own internal viewpoint. However, there are multiple viewpoints that reasonable people might regard as valid or at least tolerable. Therefore, if each person arrives at a right answer of his or her own in accordance with his or her own internal viewpoint, the predictability in law we are seeking is not enhanced significantly. Given the diversity of incommensurable values, it is unlikely that the various answers people would provide in hard cases on the basis of their own internal views would concur with one another. Hence, law ought to provide as clear guidance as possible by setting up rules that adopt certain ways of valuing things. One of the functions of most positive laws is to coordinate peoples social interactions by setting rules for people to follow when they intend to behave as most other people behave but are uncertain as to how most other people do actually behave. It is the government that issues public, general, clear and...이 논문은 μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λ²•ν•™λ°œμ „μž¬λ‹¨ μΆœμ—° λ²•ν•™μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ 기금의 2008학년도 ν•™μˆ μ—°κ΅¬λΉ„ 의 보쑰λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŒ

    Law and Policy for Development of Environmental Dispute Resolution - Policy Proposals Drawing upon Razs Theory of Authority -

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    이 글은 2011. 7. 6. μ œμ£Όλ„ KAL ν˜Έν…”μ—μ„œ 개졜된 ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ • 20μ£Όλ…„ 기념 ꡭ제 μ‹¬ν¬μ§€μ›€μ—μ„œ ν•„μžκ°€ λ°œν‘œν•œ λ°œμ œλ¬Έμ„ μˆ˜μ •β‹…λ³΄μ™„ν•œ 것이닀.이 글은 ADR에 κ΄€ν•œ λ²•κ²½μ œν•™μ  연ꡬ결과와 라즈의 κΆŒμœ„ 이둠에 ν„° μž‘μ•„ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μ œλ„μ˜ λ°œμ „μ„ μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 법정책을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν™˜κ²½λ¬Έμ œμ˜ 해결을 μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ†Œμ†‘μ€ μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ 만큼 μ œκΈ°λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆλ‹€. ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μ œλ„κ°€ μš”κ΅¬λ˜λŠ” 것은 이 μ œλ„κ°€ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ˜ 해결에 λ“œλŠ” λΉ„μš©μ„ μ ˆκ°ν•΄ κ³Όμ†Œμ†Œμ†‘μ˜ κ²½ν–₯을 극볡할 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μ œλ„μ˜ κ°œμ„ μ±…μ€ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •λΉ„μš©μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°, ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ • 결과의 판결예츑λ ₯을 μ œκ³ ν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ·Έ 핡심 μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄ λœλ‹€. 그런데 이런 결둠은 ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μ œλ„μ˜ 취지λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•  λ•Œ μ‹€λ§μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 것이닀. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ΄λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ†Œμ†‘μ΄ μ§€λ‹Œ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νƒ„μƒν•œ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μ œλ„μ˜ μžκΈ°λΆ€μ •μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ”œλ ˆλ§ˆ 상황을 νƒ€κ°œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ λ°©μ•ˆμ€ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μœ„μ›νšŒκ°€ λ²•μ›μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 이둠적 κΆŒμœ„λ₯Ό μΈμ •λ°›λŠ” 것이닀. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μœ„μ›νšŒλŠ” β‘  μžμ‹ μ˜ νŒλ‹¨μ„ 법원이 μ›λž˜ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 근거듀에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•΄μ„œ λ‚΄λ €μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ (μ˜μ‘΄ν…Œμ œ), β‘‘ κ·Έ νŒλ‹¨μ€ 법원이 λ…μžμ μœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨ν•  λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ κ·Έ 근거듀에 λ”μš± λΆ€ν•©ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€(ν†΅μƒμ •λ‹Ήν™”ν…Œμ œ). ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ€ 일반 λΆ„μŸκ³Ό 달리 μ‚¬μ‹€κ΄€κ³„μ˜ νŒŒμ•…(κ°€λ Ή μΈκ³Όκ΄€κ³„μ˜ 규λͺ…)에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 전문성을 μš”ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ 처리(κ°€λ Ή μ†ν•΄μ˜ μ‚°μ •)에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλ„ κ²½ν—˜μ— ν„° μž‘μ€ 식견을 ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ”λ°, ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μœ„μ›νšŒκ°€ 이런 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ „λ¬Έμ„±κ³Ό μˆ˜μ›”μ„±μ„ μΈμ •λ°›λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ λ²•μ›μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 이둠적 κΆŒμœ„λ₯Ό 인정받을 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. 이와 같이 μΈμ •λœ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μœ„μ›νšŒμ˜ 이둠적 κΆŒμœ„κ°€ μ§€μ†λ˜κ³  κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό 이제 κ·Έ κΆŒμœ„κ°€ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ— κ΄€ν•œ ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒ ꡬ성원 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ 눈의 λ„λŠ” μ§€μœ„μ— 였λ₯Ό 만큼 ν™•λ¦½λœλ‹€λ©΄, ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μœ„μ›νšŒμ˜ νŒλ‹¨μ€ μ‚¬μ‹€μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄ 무엇이 법이어야 ν•˜λŠ”κ°€?에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλ„ λ²•μ›μ˜ 쑴쀑을 νšλ“ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. 이 글은 이상을 ν† λŒ€λ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ ν™˜κ²½λΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μœ„μ›νšŒμ˜ 이둠적 κΆŒμœ„λ₯Ό ν™•λ¦½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 법정책을 μ œμ‹œγ†ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€

    Nation-State and the Politics of Language: France and French in Historical Perspective

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    이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μΆœλ°œμ μ€ λ―Όμ‘±-κ΅­κ°€-μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œ ν”„λž‘μŠ€κ°€ 보여주고 μžˆλŠ” μΌμ’…μ˜ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ…μŠ€μ΄λ‹€. 독일과 같이 ν˜ˆν†΅, 전톡, κ΄€μŠ΅, μ–Έμ–΄ 등을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 쒅쑱 문화적 민쑱의 μ •μ˜λ₯Ό 가진 λ‚˜λΌκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³  μ™œ κ°€μž₯ 주관적이고 μ •μΉ˜μ μΈ λ―Όμ‘± ꡬ성을 μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€κ°€ κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ 단일 μ–Έμ–΄ μ •μ±…κ³Ό 동화정책을 νˆλŠ”κ°€κ°€ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ…μŠ€μ˜ 핡심 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 이 논문은 ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 민쑱의 κ·ΌλŒ€μ  ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό 이λ₯Ό λ™λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ „ν†΅μ˜ 발λͺ…κ³Ό κ·ΌλŒ€ ꡭ민의 ν˜•μ„±, 그리고 μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ μ§€λ°°λΌλŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ˜μ‹μ„ 톡해 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 핡심적인 μ£Όμž₯은 ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜ 경우 λ…μΌμ²˜λŸΌ 문화적 민쑱이 μ„ ν—˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 닀쒅쑱 닀문화적 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ, λ¨Όμ € ν˜•μ„±λœ 단일 κ΅­κ°€μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄ λ™μ§ˆμ μΈ 민쑱을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄ λ°”λ‘œ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” 점을 κ°•μ‘°ν•œλ‹€. 그와 λ™μ‹œμ— μž₯κΈ° 역사적인 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” λ―Όμ‘± μ •μ²΄μ„±μ˜ ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό 변화에 μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ μ •μΉ˜κ°€ λ°€μ ‘ν•œ μƒν˜Έ 관계λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것이닀. 특히 20μ„ΈκΈ° μ€‘λ°˜ μ΄ν›„μ—λŠ” 제ꡭ의 뢕괴에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ •μΉ˜λ ₯의 상싀을 문화적 영ν–₯λ ₯을 톡해 λ³΄μƒν•˜λ €λŠ” ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄κΆŒ 정책이 λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ, 미ꡭ이 μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 세계화와 μ˜μ–΄κ°€ κ°•ν•œ μœ„μƒμ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” μœ λŸ½ν™”λ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ–΄μ˜ μˆœμˆ˜μ„±μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λ €λŠ” κ³Όμž‰ λ°˜μ‘μ˜ 정책을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 이민과 μ§€λ°©μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ λΆ€ν™œ μš΄λ™κ³Ό 같은 내뢀적 λ°˜λ°œμ— μ§λ©΄ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ”μš± ꡭ수주의적 μ„±ν–₯을 보여주고 μžˆλ‹€. In the triangular relationship of nation-state-language, France is characterized by a kind of paradox. Unlike the German understanding of nation defined in ethnocultural terms of blood, tradition, customs, and language, the French definition of nation is far more subjective and political. Nevertheless, France has been practicing one of the strongest national language policies. This article analyzes the formation of a nation-state along with the accompanying politics of language by combining the triple problems of the invention of tradition,' the formation of modern citizenship,' and linguistic domination.' The main argument is that, because France had to confront a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural diversity, the language policy emerged as a central instrument to produce a centralized nation for the early-established. The dense connections between the formation of French national identity and the politics of the language can only be observed from a long-term historical perspective. This explains the French attempts to compensate the loss of political power by cultural ties in her policy of Francophonie in the second-half of the 20th century. More recently, the French language policy has reflected an excessive zeal to protect the purity' of the language in facing the challenges of the American-led globalization and of the English-dominated Europeanization. The sociocultural problems of immigration and the revival movement of regional languages have also provoked a chauvinistic tendency

    Interpretation of Environmental Law and Liberal Democracy

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    이 글은 2008.12.13. λΆ€μ‚°ν•΄μš΄λŒ€μ—μ„œ μ—΄λ¦° λΆ€μ‚°νŒλ‘€μ—°κ΅¬νšŒ 창립 20μ£Όλ…„ 기념 ν•™μˆ ν–‰μ‚¬ μ—μ„œ λ°œν‘œν•œ 논문을 μˆ˜μ •γ†λ³΄μ™„ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 글은 拙著인 μ‚¬λ²•ν†΅μΉ˜μ˜ μ •λ‹Ήμ„±κ³Ό ν•œ 계 (2009)에 크게 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  있고 κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ 밝힌 이둠을 μ •λ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ ν™˜κ²½λ²•μ˜ ν•΄μ„μ΄λž€ λ§₯락에 μ μš©ν•œ κ²°κ³Όμž„μ„ λ°νž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.ν™˜κ²½λ¬Έμ œλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 각쒅 μ‚¬νšŒμ  λ…ΌμŸμ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ €λ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°€μΉ˜νŒ 단방식을 가지고 있고, κ·Έ μš°μ›”μ„±μ„ μ£Όμž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ…ΌμŸμ΄ 법적 λΆ„μŸμœΌ 둜 λΉ„ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ°€μΉ˜νŒλ‹¨μ— ν•©μ˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 이듀 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 의견뢈일 μΉ˜λŠ” 이성에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•œ μ‹€μ²œμ  좔둠이 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ λΆ€μ‘±ν•΄μ„œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Έ 각각의 μ •λ‹Ήν™” κ·Όκ±°κ°€ ν„° 작고 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ 닀원적일 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λΉ„κ΅λΆˆλŠ₯이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. κ²½μŸν•˜λŠ” κ°€μΉ˜νŒλ‹¨λ°©μ‹λ“€μ˜ μš°μ—΄μ„ 가릴 수 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄ 그쀑 μ–΄λŠ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 선택은 λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•œλ°, 이 선택은 법적 νŒλ‹¨μ— 결정적 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 법적 문제 의 해결은 κ·Έ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  κ°€μΉ˜νŒλ‹¨λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ 사고방식을 채택할 것인가, 그리고 보닀 κ·Όμ›μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 그와 같은 κ°€μΉ˜νŒλ‹¨λ°©μ‹μ˜ 선택을 μ—¬ν•˜ν•œ 방식, 즉 μ—¬ν•˜ν•œ λ©”νƒ€λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•  것인가에 달렀 μžˆλ‹€. 우리 ν—Œλ²•μ€ κ°€μΉ˜νŒλ‹¨λ°©μ‹μ˜ 선택을 지도할 μ΄λ…μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 자유민주주의λ₯Ό κ·œμ • ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ°€μΉ˜νŒλ‹¨λ°©μ‹μ˜ 선택을 μž…λ²•λΆ€μ˜ λ‹€μˆ˜μžμ˜ 결정에 λ§‘κΈ°λŠ” 결단이 λŒ€ 의민주주의이고 κ·Έ 결과물이 싀정법이닀. 이처럼 싀정법은 νŠΉμ •ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜νŒλ‹¨λ°©μ‹ 을 λ°˜μ˜μ‹œν‚€κ³  μ†Œν†΅μ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ—­ν• , 즉 ν‘œν˜„μ  κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈ ν—Œ 법상 κ·œμ •λœ ꡭ민의 κΈ°λ³ΈκΆŒμ€ λ‹€μˆ˜μžμ— μ˜ν•΄ λ‚΄λ €μ§€λŠ” κ°€μΉ˜νŒλ‹¨λ°©μ‹μ˜ 선택을 κ°μ‹œν•˜κ³  μ œν•œν•œλ‹€. 이와 같은 해석이둠은 민사사건, 행정사건, ν—Œλ²•μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ 해석에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬ κ°€ 지 μ§€μΉ¨μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ²΄ν™”λ˜κ³ , 이런 지침은 우리 λ²•μ›μ˜ νŒκ²°μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ¦μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈλ˜ λŠ” 바이닀

    The Politics of State, Nation and Ethnicity: The Ivorian Case of Political Crisis

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    μ½”νŠΈλ””λΆ€μ•„λ₯΄λŠ” 2011λ…„ 3μ›” ν˜„μž¬ μž₯기적인 μ •μΉ˜ μœ„κΈ°μ˜ λŠͺ에 λΉ μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. 2002λ…„μ˜ 민쀑 봉기에 이어 κ΅­ν† κ°€ λΆ„ν• λ˜μ–΄ λ‚΄μ „ 상황에 놓여 있으며, 1995λ…„κ³Ό 2000λ…„μ˜ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ„ κ±°λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 정상적인 μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ μΉ˜λŸ¬μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  보기 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€. 1999λ…„μ—λŠ” κ΅°λΆ€ 쿠데타가 μ •κΆŒμ˜ 쒅말을 κ°€μ Έμ™”λ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ μ½”νŠΈλ””λΆ€μ•„λ₯΄κ°€ μ§€λ‚œ 10μ—¬ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ κ²½ν—˜ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μœ„κΈ°μ˜ 원인을 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ 역학을 λ°νžˆλŠ” 것이닀. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 이 글은 기쑴의 νƒˆμ—­μ‚¬μ  λΆ€μ‘±μ£Όμ˜λ‚˜ 일반적 κ΅­κ°€μ‹€νŒ¨λ‘ , μ •μΉ˜κ²½μ œμ  μ„€λͺ…μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό μ§€μ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ •μΉ˜ μ„Έλ ₯이 ꡬ쑰적 원인을 μ •μΉ˜ μžμ›μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 과정에 μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 특히 30μ—¬ λ…„μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ  λ…μž¬μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ›μ£Όμ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ²΄κ³„λ‘œ μ΄ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ“±μž₯ν•œ λ―Όμ‘± 정체성 μ‘°μž‘μ˜ μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό μœ„κΈ°μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ›μΈμœΌλ‘œ 규λͺ…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ” μ£Όμš” μ •μΉ˜ μ§€λ„μžμ˜ 선택이 μœ„κΈ°μ˜ λ°œμƒκ³Ό μ „κ°œμ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œ 역할을 μ‘°λ§ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μΌμƒμ—μ„œλ„ ν–‰μœ„μžμ˜ 역할을 λΆ€μ •ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ 것은 λ¬Όλ‘ μ΄μ§€λ§Œ μœ„κΈ°μ˜ μ—­ν•™μ—μ„œ ν–‰μœ„μžμ˜ 선택은 λ”μš± κ°•μ‘°λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. μ½”νŠΈλ””λΆ€μ•„λ₯΄ μ •μΉ˜ μœ„κΈ°μ˜ 역사적 μ „κ°œ 과정을 ν¬κ΄„μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 논문이 μ•„λ‹Œ μ €μ„œ λΆ„λŸ‰μ˜ 연ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν• ν…Œμ§€λ§Œ 이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ 역할은 ꡬ쑰적 μ„€λͺ…에 치우친 λΆ„μ„μ˜ ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό μ§€μ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μœ„κΈ°μ˜ 역학을 μœ„κΈ°μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ‚¬νšŒν•™μœΌλ‘œ 뢄석할 ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ”λ° λ§Œμ‘±ν•œλ‹€. Ivory Coast is deeply mired in political turmoil. Both the 1995 and 2000 presidential elections have been criticized for implementing unfair rules and their results have been contested by major political actors. The popular uprising and the 1999 military coup have added instability to the regime and since 2002, the country has been at civil war. The aim of this article is to identify the causes of the political crisis of last decade and to analyze its dynamics. Our approach stems from a critical understanding of the contending structural theories that explain Africas political instability, which are ahistorical tribalism, general state failure, or political economic changes. These existing theories cannot sufficiently explain particular crisis such as that is currently taking place in Ivory Coast. We have instead focused on the process of resources mobilization by political forces and leaders. In this, we consider the structural elements as the main potential political resources. According to our findings, it appears that the politics of manipulation of the national identity in the transition from a three decade-long stable authoritarian rule to the pluralistic political system were a crucial factor that led to the crisis. This research also emphasizes the choices that the political leaders make in the beginning and its relationship with the development of the crisis. The undeniable role played by the actors even in 'routine' circumstances becomes much more important in the more fluid conjuncture of a political crisis. To conduct a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of the Ivorian case from this strategic perspective, a full-fledged book would be more appropriate. Nevertheless, the modest ambition of this article is to underline the limits of structural analysis and to shed light on the need for a political sociology-based approach, specifically adapted for crisis dynamics

    A New approach to learning algorithm of artificial neural network for power system fault analysis

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :전기·컴퓨터곡학뢀,2002.Docto

    Sketching Environmental Law -A Experimental Study on Its Principles, Practices, and Methodology-

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    It has been more than 30 years since the Polution Prevention Act, the first environmental law of Korea, was enacted. While a large number of environmental laws have been enacted since that time, the academic development of environmental law study has not kept pace. This article claims that the underdevelopment of environmental law study results from the misconception of environmental law. Truly, environmental law has not been recognized as an unique and separate field of law among scholars in Korea. Launched from the reflection on the status quo of environmental law study, this article attempts to set up environmental law as an original field of science of law. For this purpose, this article aims to find the subject of environmental law, provide the theoretical basis to cope with environmental problems, and identify the characteristics of environmental law practices. In addition, this article claims that a new approach to study environmental law needs to be developed so that environmental law theories can successfully interact with environmental law practices
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