13 research outputs found
An NMR study on complexation of Na+ ion by 5,8,11,14,17,23,26,29,32,35,-Decaoxatricyclo-[19.15.0.0ยณ,19]hexatriaconta-(21),2,19-triene
Thesis (master`s)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :ํํ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํํ์ ๊ณต,1998.Maste
๊ตฐ ๋จ์ ๋ง์์ ๋นํ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ์ฌ์ ์ฌ๋ก ์ง์ญ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ๊ฑด์ถํ๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ๋ฐ์ํ.์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ ์ธ๊ตฌ 2๋งโผ10๋ง์ ๊ตฐ ๋จ์ ์๋์ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์๋ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง๊ฐ ๊ฝค ๋ง์ด ์ง์ด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ์๋์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง๋ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ฃผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ณผ ํ์ฒ, ๋
ผ๊ณผ ๋ฐญ, ์ ์์ ์ธ ๋จ๋
์ฃผํ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง ๊ณ ์ ํ ์ง์ญ ๊ฒฝ๊ด์ ๊ฐ์ก์ผ๋, ์ธ์ ๊ฐ๋ถํฐ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์ ์ฐ๋ ์์ ๋ํ๋ก ์ํํธ์ ๋จ์งํ ๊ณ ์ธต์ํํธ, ์ฃผ์ฐจ์ฅ์ ๋จ์กฐ๋ก์ด ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ๊ตญ ์๋์ ์ด๋ ์ง์ญ์ ์ ์ฌํ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๊ฒฝ๊ด์ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์๋ค.
์๋์ ์ง์ญ์์๋ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ์ ๋ํ ์์๋ ํ๋ถํ๋ฉฐ, ๋์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ง์กฑ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๋ค. ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์๋์์์๋ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ, ํนํ ๋จ์งํ ์ํํธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋ ๋ฐ์๋ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ์พ์ ํ๊ณ ์์ ํ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๊ธฐ์ธํ๋ค. ์ด๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ํ๋ถํ ๋
น์ง์ ์ฃผ์ฐจ์ฅ, ๋ถ๋ยท๋ณต๋ฆฌ์์ค ๋ฑ ๋ค์ํ ์์ค์ ๊ฐ์ถ ๋จ์ง ์กฐ์ฑ์ผ๋ก ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์์ ์ํ์์๊ณผ ์๊ตฌํน์ฑ์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์กฐ์ฑ๋๊ณ ์งํ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ญํด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ง์กฑ๋์ ์์ธ์ด ๋๋ค. ์์ผ๋ก ์๋์์์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ์ ๋ค์ํ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ํํ๋ก ๋์์์ด ์ ์ถ๋๋ฉฐ, ํฅํ ์๋์์ ์ฃผํ์ ์ ํํ๋ฅผ ๋ณํ์ํค๋ฉฐ ์ค์ํ ์ฃผํ ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ์๋ฆฌ๋งค๊นํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์์๋๋ค.
๊ณต๋์ฃผํ์ ์ด์ฒ๋ผ ์๋์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋ณํ์ ์์์ ๊ท๋ช
ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ ์ค์ํ ์ฃผํ ์ ํ์ด์ ๋์์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ํ ์๋์์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ์์์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ถ์กฑํ์๋ค.
์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ต๊ทผ ์๋์ ์ง์ญ ๊ฒฝ๊ด๊ณผ ๋ถํฉํ๋ ์ง์ญํ ์๊ท๋ชจ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ์ ์งํฅํ๋ '๋ง์์ ๋นํ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ์ฌ์
'์ด ์ค๊ณต๋ ์๋์ ์ง์ญ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋จ์ง์ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋์ด์ ๊ฒฝ๊ด ์์, ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ์ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ํน์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค. ์ด๋ก์จ, ์๋์ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ์์์ ๋ฐํ๊ณ , ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ํน์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ์ฌ, ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ์ ๋ํ ํด์๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์์ฌ์ ์ ๋์ถํ์๋ค.
๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ์์๊ณผ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ํ์ฉ๋์๋ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋ถ์๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ธ ๊ฑดํ์จ-์ฉ์ ๋ฅ -์ธต์ ๊ด๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ํ์ ํ์ง-๊ฑด์ถ๋ฉด์ ๊ด๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ํ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ๊ทธ๋ํ ๋ถ์์งํ๋ฅผ ๋์ถํ์๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ์์ ํ๋ก ํ์ฉํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋์์ง๋ก ์ง์ญ๋ณ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๊ท๋ชจ์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ์ ํ์ด ๋ค์ํ๊ฒ ๋ถํฌํ๊ณ ์๋ 6๊ฐ์ ๋ํ์ ์๋์ ์ง์ญ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ๊ทธ๋ํ ๋ถ์์งํ๋ฅผ ํตํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ๋ถ์๋ฒ์๋ ํด๋น ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง์ ์ฃผ๋ณ์ํ๊ถ ๋ด์ ์์นํ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ์ฃผํ์ ๋ชจ๋ ํฌํจํ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฑด์ถ๋ฌผ๋์ฅ ๋ถ์, ํ์ง๋ต์ฌ, ๋ง์์ง๋, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋จ์ง ๋๋ฉด ๋ถ์, ์ง์นจ ๋ถ์์ ํตํ์ฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์งํํ์๋ค.
๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ๊ทธ๋ํ ๋ถ์ ์งํ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ต์ข
์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ถ๋ ์๋์ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ํน์ฑ์ ์ฃผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค.
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋์ด ๋ฑ ๊ฒฝ๊ด ์์, ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ์ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์๋์ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ์์๊ณผ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ์ ํ๋ณ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ฐํ๋ค. ์๋์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง๋ ์ ์ธตยท์ ๋ฐ, ์ํ์งยท์ํ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ ํ์ ์ฃผํ์ด ๋ค์๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์งํ๊ณ ์๋ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ์ง์ญ๋ณ๋ก ์ธ๋ถ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ์์์ 1์ธต ๋จ๋
์ฃผํ์ด ๋ค์์ธ ์ ์ธต ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ 10์ธต ์ด์์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ์ด ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋ฑ ์ง์ญ๋ณ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ์ ๋ถํฌ ์์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ธ๋ถ์ ์ธ ํน์ฑ์์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค. ์ด ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง๋ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋์ด, ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ํน์ฑ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ 6๊ฐ์ง ํน์ฑ ์ ํ์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋์ด ์กฐ์ฑ๋๊ณ ์์๋ค.
๋์งธ, ๋ง์์ ๋นํ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ์ฌ์
๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ํน์ฑ์ ๋์ถํ์๋ค. ๋ง์์ ๋นํ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ์ 6๊ฐ ์ง์ญ ๋ชจ๋ ์ค์ธตยท๊ฐ๋ฐฉํ, ์คํ์งยท์คํ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋์ ๊ณตํต์ ์ธ ํน์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ฑ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ ๊ณ ์ธต์ํํธ์ ๋ค์ธ๋์ฃผํ ์ค๊ฐ์ ์ ์ถฉ์ ์ธ ํน์ฑ์ผ๋ก ์๋์์์ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋๋ ์๋ก์ด ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ํน์ฑ ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ํด์๋ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์คํ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ํ์ง์ ์ค์ธต ๋์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์ฑ์ด ๋์ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์กฐ์ฑ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋จ์ง ์ ์ธต๋ถ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์์ ์ํ์ ํ์ํ ์์ค์ด ์์นํ๋ฉฐ ์ง์ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ณผ์ ๊ต๋ฅ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ปค๋ฎค๋ํฐ ์์ค์ด ์์นํ๋ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ ์์์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์กฐ์ฑ๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
์
์งธ, ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ ํด๋น ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง์ ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ณต๊ฐํํ, ๋์ด ๊ด๊ณ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๊ด์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํด์ํ์๋ค. ๋ถ์๋์ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ง์ญ๋ณ ์ฃผ๋ณ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ์ฃผํ์ ๊ตฐ์ง๊ณผ ๋ถํฌ ์์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํด๋น ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง์ ๋์ด์ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ์ ๊ท๋ชจ์ ๋์ง์ฑ์ ์๋์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์ง์ญ๋ณ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค. ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง๋ผ๊ณ ํ ์ง๋ผ๋, ์ฃผ๋ณ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ์์นํ ์ ์ฌํ ํ์ง๋ ๊ฑด์ถ ๊ท๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฃผํ ๋ถํฌ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ํด๋น ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง๋ ์๋์ ์ธ ๊ด์ ์์ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ ๋๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ํด์๋์๋ค.
๋ท์งธ, ์๋์ํ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ๊ณผ ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ ์ผ์กฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์ฑ, ํ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ์(privacy), ์ด๋งค๋ํฐ(amenity) ๋ฑ ๋ฒ๊ท์ ์ง์นจ๊ณผ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ์๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ์ฌ ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ณต๊ธ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋์ ๊ท๊ฒฉํ๋๊ณ ํ์ผ์ ์ธ ํํ๋ ์ค๊ณ์ง์นจ์ ์ ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณผ ์์จ์ฑ, ๋ค์์ฑ์ ํ๋ณดํ๋ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ผ๋ก ๋ณํ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ ์ฃผ๋ณ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ด ํน์ฑ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋จ์ง์ ํ์ง๊ท๋ชจ, ๊ฑดํ์จ, ์ฉ์ ๋ฅ , ์ธต์๋ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ ์ฉ๋ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์๋์ํ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง๋ ์ง์ญ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์กฐํ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ๋์ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฐฐ์น๊ณํ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ ์์์ ์ํํน์ฑ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ ๋ค์ํ ์์ค ๊ณํ๊ณผ ๋จ์ง ์ ์ธต๋ถ ๊ณํ ๋ฑ ๋ค์ํ ํํ์ ๋ณํ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์์ฌํ๊ณ ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ต๊ทผ ์๋์ ์ง์ญ ๊ฒฝ๊ด๊ณผ ์กฐํ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ ๋ํ์ ์ธ ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณต๊ธ ์ ํ์ธ ๋ง์์ ๋นํ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ์ฌ์
์ ๋ํ ์ฌ๋ก ์ง์ญ์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ์ ์ฐจ์์์ ํด์ํ๊ณ ์ด๋ฅผ ์๋์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๊ฒฝ๊ด ์ฐจ์์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ณํ์ฌ ํด์ํ์ฌ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ์ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์์์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค๋ ์ ์์ ์์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋๋ค. ๋ํ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ ์ํ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ๊ทธ๋ํ ๋ถ์์งํ๋ ํฅํ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ยท๊ณต๊ฐ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ดํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ธก์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๊ฐ๊ด์ ๋ถ์์ ์งํ๋ก ํ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ์ ์์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก ์ ์์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋๋ค. ๋ํ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ๊ทธ๋ํ ๋ถ์์งํ๋ฅผ ํตํ์ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋์ด, ํํ์ ์ฐจ์ด ๋ฑ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๋์ถํ๊ณ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง์ ์ฃผ๋ณ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋น๊ตํ๊ณ ํด์ํ ์ ์๋ ๋ถ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ด ์ ์๋ ์ ์๋ค.
์ง๊ธ๊น์ง ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ํ์์ด ๋ค์ํ๋์ง ๋ชปํ ์ด์ ๋ ๋จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์ฃผํ๊ณต๊ธ๋ง์ ์ํด ์ผ๋ฐํ๋ ๋จ์ง ์กฐ์ฑ ํด๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ชจ๋ ์ง์ญ์์ ์ผ๋ฅ ์ ์ธ ํํ์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋จ์ง ์ ํ์ผ๋ก ๊ณต๊ธ๋ ๋ฐ ์๋ค. ํฅํ ์ง์ญ๋ณ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ํน์ฑ์ ๋์ํ๋ ์ฐจ๋ณํ๋ ์๋์ํ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ํด์๋ ์ง์ญ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ ๋ํ ์ค์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๋ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํด์๊ณผ์ ์ด ์ ํ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. ๋ํ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง๋ ์๋์์ ์ง์ญ ๊ฒฝ๊ด ์ฐจ์์์ ์ง์ญ๋ณ ๊ณ ์ ํ ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ์ ํน์ฑ์ ๊ดํ ์ธ๋ฐํ ๋ถ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ํตํ์ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ํตํฉ์ ์ธ ๊ด์ ์์ ๊ณํ๋์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. ์ด์ ์์ผ๋ก ์๋์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ์ ํ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ํ ํ๋ฐํ ํ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํ๋ค.Anyone entering residential areas of small cities in Gun unit regions of Korea with a population of 20,000 to 100,000 will notice that numerous apartment complexes are being built. In the past, village residential areas in small cities had a unique regional landscape consisting mainly of mountains and rivers, rice paddies and fields, and rural detached houses. However, at some point, the monotonous landscape of single apartment buildings, high-rise apartment complexes and parking lots that tower above all, everywhere, has made these places similar to any other small city in the country, changing the residential landscape.
Even in small cities, the demand for multi-family houses is high, and multi-family housing is associated with high residential satisfaction. People in small cities often seek multi-family houses, especially apartment complexes, due to differences in the quality of the spaces and given the better comfort and the safe residential environment they offer compared to existing residential environments. In addition, the complexes often include various facilities, such as abundant green areas, parking lots, and community and service facilities, and they are typically created and evolve such that they reflect the lifestyle and demand characteristics of the residents, thus explaining their high residential satisfaction. In the future, multi-family houses in various sizes and layout are constantly being built in small cities, and it is expected that they will become an important housing type, changing the housing occupation patterns in small cities in the future.
Although multi-family houses are an important housing type and a means by which to identify changes of the regional landscape of small cities, studies of the residential aspects of small cities focusing on multi-family houses are lacking.
Given this background, the purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of village residential areas and apartment complexes in terms of landscape elements such as density and height and to assess the aspects of the space form and scale based on a residential areas in small cities where a 'LH public housing project (aimed at planning a local small-scale apartment complex in harmony with the local landscape of the small city) was recently completed. In this way, the characteristics of village residential areas in small cities can be clarified and the characteristics of multi-family houses analyzed to derive interpretations and specific implications for future multi-family housing complex plans for small cities.
In order to analyze the specific space-form aspects and characteristics of village residential areas and apartment complexes, a 'space-form' analysis index was derived and used as a framework for the analysis. The 'space-form' analysis index considers the ratios among the building coverage, floor area, and building height'. In the analysis, a relationship graph of these ratios and a 'lot-building area' relationship graph are devised, as in previous studies.
As the study area, six representative residential areas in small cities where the sizes of the residential areas and types of multi-family houses are diversely distributed were analyzed through a 'Space-form' analysis index. The scope of the analysis includes LH public housing complexes and all houses in the village residential areas located within the surrounding residential study area. The study also included an analysis of the building ledgers, on-site surveys, an analysis of village maps and apartment complex drawings, and an analysis of planning guidelines.
The main research results from exploring the apartment complexes and residential areas through the analyses described above with a 'space-form' index are given below.
First, the characteristics of various types of multi-family houses and aspects of dwellings in small cities were identified in terms of landscape elements such as the density and height of the dwellings and the space form and scale. Residential areas in small cities are characterized mainly by low-rise, low-density, small plots, as well as small residential buildings. On the other hand, detailed characteristics of dwellings by region show differences according to the distribution pattern of multi-family houses by region, such as low-rise dwellings with a majority of single-story detached houses and dwellings with many apartments of ten stories or more. Among them, multi-family house complexes in small cities were largely divided into six types according to the density, height, and space-form characteristics.
Second, the planning characteristics of LH public housing were derived. LH public housing complexes have the common characteristic of consisting of the mid-rise and open type, being medium-lot and medium-size type residential buildings in all six regions. This represents an eclectic characteristic, offering a compromise between high-rise apartments and low-rise multi-household houses. This can be interpreted as a new type of housing found in small cities. Community and service facilities such as parking lots, playgrounds, and sports facilities are located on the ground floors of these complexes. Various facilities were included considering the living styles of residents, and community facilities that promote interactions with local residents were included in the plans of these complexes.
Third, in the context of village residential areas, differences in landscapes according to the density, space-form, and height relationships of each apartment complex were analyzed. For the LH public housing case, the height, space form, size, and homogeneity of the apartment complexes differed depending on the region, mainly in terms of the clustering and distribution of houses in the surrounding villages of each region. Even for an apartment complex with the same density and space-form characteristics, compared to the distribution and spatial characteristics of houses with similar plots or building scales located in the surrounding residential areas, the degree of the space-form difference in apartment complexes is interpreted differently.
Fourth, the relationships among factors of laws and guidelines, such as sunlight, openness, privacy, and amenities related to the planning of apartment complexes in small cities, were also considered. As a result, from the perspective of an efficient housing supply, the standardized and uniform form of residential buildings can be changed in the direction of richer flexibility and better diversity of site planning and building design considerations. These concepts can be applied differently to the land size, building coverage ratio, floor area ratio, and number of floors of the apartment complex depending on the context and landscape characteristics of the surrounding residential area. This suggests the possibility of various morphological changes in small-city apartment complexes, such as residential density and size factors in harmony with the local residential context, the building layout, and the facility plans, especially after considering the residents' needs and living characteristics, while also ensuring detailed planning of the complex considering these factors.
This study analyzes the characteristics of apartment complexes of small cities in terms of the space-form dimension, targeting the representative case area of the LH public housing project, which is a typical type of small-city apartment complex supply that aims to harmonize with the local context of a small city. The study is meaningful in that it intends to clarify the physical aspects of the apartment complex plan in detail in the context of each village residential area by interpreting it in connection with the landscape. In addition, the 'space-form' analysis index presented in this study has methodological significance in that it can be used as an objective measurable index in future studies of the physical and spatial characteristics of residential areas. In addition, through the 'space-form' analysis index, spatial characteristics such as the density and height and morphological differences of existing dwellings are derived, and a basis for an analysis that compares and interprets the relationship between apartment complexes and dwellings in surrounding villages can be presented.
Multi-family housing in small cities remains undiversified because it has been supplied as a uniform type of apartment complex in all regions as a generalized complex construction solution for an efficient housing supply in a short period of time. In order to develop differentiated small-city apartment complexes that respond to the characteristics of their residential areas by region in the future, a specific interpretation process that reveals the reality of the characteristics and contexts of local residential areas must come first. In addition, apartment complexes should be planned from the residential context and through an integrated perspective via a detailed analysis of the space-form characteristics unique to each region considering the local landscape of each small-city residential area. Accordingly, active follow-up studies are needed to develop these types of apartment complexes and to explore the characteristics of village residential areas for small cities in Korea.1. ์ ๋ก 1
1.1 ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์ 1
1.2 ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ฒ์์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 3
2. ์ด๋ก ์ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7
2.1 ์๋์ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋ณํ 7
2.2 ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณต๊ธ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ์ฌ์
12
2.2.1 ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๊ฑด์ค๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ์ฌ์
12
2.2.2 ๋ง์์ ๋นํ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ์ฌ์
14
2.3 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋ถ์๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก 17
2.3.1 ์ ๋์ ์งํ๋ฅผ ํตํ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋ถ์ 17
2.3.2 ๋์ํํ์ ์ ๊ทผ์ ํตํ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋ถ์ 21
2.4 ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ฐจ๋ณ์ฑ ๋ฐ ํ์์ฑ 24
3. ๋ถ์์ ํ: ๊ณต๊ฐ-ํํ ๊ทธ๋ํ 25
3.1 ๋ถ์์ ํ ์ ์ 25
3.1.1 ๊ฑดํ์จ-์ฉ์ ๋ฅ -์ธต์ ๊ด๊ณ์งํ 28
3.1.2 ํ์ง-๊ฑด์ถ๋ฉด์ ๊ด๊ณ์งํ 31
3.2 ๋ถ์ ๋์์ง 34
4. ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ํน์ฑ 36
4.1 ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง์ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋ถ์ 36
4.1.1 ํฉ์ฒํซ๋ค ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ๊ณผ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ํน์ฑ 37
4.1.2 ํจํํฅ๊ต ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ๊ณผ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ํน์ฑ 40
4.1.3 ์ง๋๋์ธ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ๊ณผ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ํน์ฑ 43
4.1.4 ์ง์ฒ์ด์ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ๊ณผ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ํน์ฑ 46
4.1.5 ๋ณด๋ น์
์ฒ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ๊ณผ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ํน์ฑ 49
4.1.6 ์ฅ์ฑ์ผ๊ณ ๊ณต๊ณต์ฃผํ๊ณผ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ํน์ฑ 52
4.2 ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง์ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๊ด๊ณ 55
4.2.1 ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ์์ 55
4.2.2 ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ์์ 56
4.2.3 ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ๊ณผ ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง์ ๋ถํฌ์ ๊ด๊ณ 57
4.3 ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ํน์ฑ 60
4.3.1 ๋ฐ๋์ ๋์ด ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ๋ณธ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ํน์ฑ ์ ํ 60
4.3.2 ๋์ํํ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ๋ณธ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ํน์ฑ ์ ํ 63
5. ๋ถ์ ์ข
ํฉ ๋ฐ ์์ฌ์ 66
5.1 ๋ง์ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ ๋ณธ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง 66
5.1.1 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋ฐ๋์ ๋์ด ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ๋ณธ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง 66
5.1.2 ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง ๋์ํํ ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ๋ณธ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง 68
5.2 ์๋์ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ ์์ฌ์ 69
5.2.1 ๋ฐ๋์ ๋์ด ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ๋ณธ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ 69
5.2.2 ๋์ํํ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ๋ณธ ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ 70
5.2.3 ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ๊ณผ ๋ฒ๊ท, ์ค๊ณ์ง์นจ๊ณผ์ ๊ด๊ณ 72
5.2.4 ๊ณต๋์ฃผํ ๋จ์ง ๊ณํ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ํ ์ ์ธ 78
6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 83
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 86
Abstract 89์
Social Activity in Late Life Moderates the Relation between Temporal Lobe Atrophy and Episodic Memory
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์์ฐ๊ณผํ๋ํ ํ๋๊ณผ์ ๋๊ณผํ์ ๊ณต, 2021. 2. ์ต์ง์.๋
ธ๋
๊ธฐ๋ ์ํด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ฌํ์ ์ธ ์ญํ ์ ์์คํ๊ณ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ์์ ์ฃผ๋ณ์ธ๋ค์ ์ฌ๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ์ฌํ์ ์ธ ๋จ์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฝํํ๋ ์๊ธฐ์ด๋ค. ๋
ธ๋
๊ธฐ์ ์ฌํํ๋์ ์ธ์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ ์ง์ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ค๊ณ ์๋ ค์ ธ ์์ผ๋, ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ดํด์๋ ์์ง ๋ช
ํํ ๋ฐํ์ง ๋ฐ๊ฐ ์ ๋ค. ์ฌํํ๋์ ์ธ์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ์ก์ผ๋, ๋๊ตฌ์กฐ ์์ถ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅ ๊ฐํด์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ณดํธํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ ์๋์ง ์ดํด๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋๋ฌผ๋ค. ๋๋ถ์ด ์ฌํํ๋์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ ์์ค์ด๋ ์ง์์ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ ํ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง ์ ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๊ตญ๋ด์์ ์ฌํํ๋์ด ๋๊ตฌ์กฐ ์์ถ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅ ๊ฐํด์ ๊ด๊ณ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๋ณดํธ ํจ๊ณผ์ ๊ดํด ์ธ๋ถํํ์ฌ ํ์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ง์ญ์ฌํ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ 32๋ช
์ ๋
ธ์ธ๋ค์ ๋์์ผ๋ก 4๋
๊ฐ์ ์ข
๋จ์ถ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ ์ฐจ๋ก์ ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ผํ๊ธฐ์ต๊ณผ ์ธก๋์ฝ ํ๋ฐฑ์ง๋ถํผ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ ํ์๋ค. ๋จผ์ ๋
ธํ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ผํ๊ธฐ์ต์ด ์ ์๋ฏธํ๊ฒ ์ข
๋จ์ ๊ฐํด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋์ง ํ์ธํ๊ณ , ์ธก๋์ฝ ํ๋ฐฑ์ง์์ถ์ด ์ผํ๊ธฐ์ต ๊ฐํด์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ๊ฒ์ฆํ์๋ค. ์ดํ ์ฌํํ๋์ด ์ธก๋์ฝ ํ๋ฐฑ์ง์์ถ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผํ๊ธฐ์ต ๊ฐํด์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ ์กฐ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋์ง ์ดํด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์๊ณ์ ํ๊ท๋ถ์์ ์ค์ํ์๋ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์ฌํํ๋์ ์ฌํํ๋์์ค, ์ง์์ฑ, ์ฌํํ๋ ์ ํ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ธ๋ถํํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ผํ๊ธฐ์ต ์ง์ฐํ์์์ ์ ์๋ฏธํ๊ฒ ์ข
๋จ์ ๊ฐํด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธก๋์ฝ ํ๋ฐฑ์ง์์ถ์ ์ผํ๊ธฐ์ต ์ง์ฐํ์ ๊ฐํด์ ์ ์ ์๊ด์ ๋ณด์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ฌํํ๋์ ์ธก๋์ฝ ํ๋ฐฑ์ง์์ถ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผํ๊ธฐ์ต ์ง์ฐํ์ ๊ฐํด์ ์ข
๋จ๋ณํ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ์๋ค. ์ฆ, ๊ธฐ์ ์์ ์์ ์ฌํํ๋์ ํ๋ฐํ ํ ์๋ก, ์ง์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฌํํ๋์ ์ ์งํ ์๋ก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ง์์ ์ผ๋ก ์์๋ด์ฌํ๋์ ํ ์๋ก ์ธก๋์ฝ ํ๋ฐฑ์ง ์์ถ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผํ๊ธฐ์ต ์ง์ฐํ์ ๊ฐํด์ ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์์ถฉ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ ๋
ธ๋
๊ธฐ์ ํ๋ฐํ ์ฌํํ๋์ด ์ธ์ง์๋น๋ฅ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋
ธํ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธก๋์ฝ ์์ถ๊ณผ ์ผํ๊ธฐ์ต ๊ฐํด์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ ์์ถฉํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์์ ์์ฌํ๋ค.Retirement and loss of important social relationships, including spouse and friends, make older adults more vulnerable to social isolation. Therefore, social activity could be important for older adults in maintaining life satisfaction and everyday functioning. Although several studies found protective roles of social activity against cognitive decline in late life, only a few studies examined the protective effects of social activity using longitudinal data. In this study, the effects of social activity on the relationship between brain aging and cognitive decline in older adults were examined during a four-year period. Thirty-two older adults with normal cognition (mean age = 70.69, SD: 6.27, mean education = 7.75, SD: 3.94 at baseline) were recruited from the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (KSHAP). Neuropsychological and brain imaging data, and social survey, were acquired in 2015 and 2019. Elderly Verbal Learning Test (EVLT) performance and cortical volumes from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were the main measures of interest. The participants were asked to respond either โyesโ or โnoโ to social survey items, including participation in community senior center events, volunteering for charities, religious activities, socializing events, leisure activities, and community activities. Social activity was explored in terms of level, consistency, and types of social activities. The Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT) was used to calculate temporal lobe gray matter volume selected as regions of interest (ROI) for its role in episodic memory. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine the effects of social activity on the relationship between temporal lobe atrophy and episodic memory decline. We found that the temporal lobe atrophy was associated with the delayed recall decline (r = 0.49, p = 0.003). More involvement in social activity at baseline decreased the effects of temporal lobe atrophy on delayed recall decline, controlling for age, sex, education, and self-rated health as covariates. Further, consistent involvement in social activity, especially volunteering, attenuated the association between temporal lobe atrophy and delayed recall decline. These findings suggest that social activities in late life function as cognitive reserve to buffer against the effects of temporal lobe atrophy on memory decline in older adults.์๋ก 1
1. ์ธ์ง ๋
ธํ์ ๋ ๋
ธํ 2
2. ์ฌํํ๋๊ณผ ์ธ์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅ 4
3. ์ฌํํ๋์ ์ง์์ฑ๊ณผ ์ ํ 6
4. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ 8
์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 10
1. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ๊ฐ์ 10
2. ์ธก์ ๋๊ตฌ 11
3. ๋ถ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 15
์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 18
๋
ผ์ 38
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ 49
Abstract 61Maste