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    ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์ฒดํ•™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ์ƒ์ฒด์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ๊น€ํ•œ์„.Background: The immature preterm kidney is likely to be vulnerable to acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the biomarkers currently used for AKI are not sensitive or specific and are also inadequate for the timely detection of AKI in preterm infants. Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify novel urinary biomarkers of AKI using proteomic techniques, and to verify and validate that the candidates can serve as early predictive biomarkers for AKI. Materials: The biomarker development process was divided the following 3 phases: Five paired urine samples were analyzed in the discovery phase. For verification, a prospective nested case-control study compared serial urinary proteomes of 16 patients with AKI and 16 patients without AKI. For validation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed using samples of the first-day urine from 14 preterm infants with AKI and from 14 matched control patients. Results: In total, 1,810 proteins were identified in the discovery phase. Among those proteins, 174 were selected as the 1st targeted proteins. A total of 168 proteins were quantified, and the levels of 6 were significantly increased in the AKI group in the verification phase. Using a clinical assay, the results were confirmed and validated using samples of the first-day urine after birth from the biorepository. Finally, ELISAs revealed that the levels of annexin A5, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and protein S100-P were significantly higher in the samples of the first-day urine from patients with AKI than in those from patients without AKI. Conclusion: Urinary annexin A5, NGAL and protein S100-P levels are promising biomarkers for early, accurate prediction of AKI in preterm infants.๋ชฉ์  ์ตœ๊ทผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜„์ €ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ทน์†Œ์ €์ถœ์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘์•„์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ฅ ์€ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ฅ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์˜ˆํ›„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํƒœ์•„์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์ค‘์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์†์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ ์•ฝ 8-24%๋กœ์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘์ด 1500 g ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ทน์†Œ ์ €์ถœ์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘์•„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ 20-30%๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ์žฅ์˜ ์†์ƒ์€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ดํ™˜์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์กดํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์˜ˆํ›„์—๋„ ๋‚˜์œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์—์„œ ์‹ ์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์žฅ ์†์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Proteomics๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” urinary biomarker๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„, ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์ธ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1. Discovery phase: ์žฌํƒœ ์ฃผ์ˆ˜ 32์ฃผ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ํ˜น์€ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘ 1500g ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋กœ ๋™๋งฅ๊ด€ ๊ฐœ์กด์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ibuprofen์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์•ฝ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ์ „ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ibuprofen ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ›„ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ibuprofen ํˆฌ์—ฌ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ label-free mass spectrometry (MS) based protein quantification์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ค‘ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ candidate biomarker๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2. Verification phase: ์žฌํƒœ ์ฃผ์ˆ˜ 32์ฃผ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ํ˜น์€ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒด์ค‘ 1500g ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋ณ‘์› ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” โ€œ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  database์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์ฒด ์€ํ–‰ ๊ตฌ์ถ•โ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ด€๋˜์–ด์ง„ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€๊ณผ, ์ฃผ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ถœ์ƒ ํ›„ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ matchingํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ discovery phase์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ candidate biomarker๋ฅผ target์œผ๋กœ data-independent acquisition (DIA) method๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 3. Validation phase: ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋ณ‘์› ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ฒด ์€ํ–‰ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ด€๋œ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ถœ์ƒ 7์ผ ์ด๋‚ด ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ฒซ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด์™€, ์ฃผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ matchingํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒซ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ biomarker๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ฒซ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด 1,810๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด discovery phase์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 349๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด 2๋ฐฐ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘, discovery phase์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์ธ 5๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ 4๋ช…์—์„œ 2๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ 107์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ, 5๋ช… ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ 2๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ 67๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ 1st targeted candidate๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 16 ๋ช…์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด์™€, ์ฃผ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ถœ์ƒ ํ›„ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์นญํ•œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 16๋ช…์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ verification ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 174๊ฐœ์˜ 1st targeted candidates ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ค‘์—์„œ 168๊ฐœ๋งŒ์ด ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์ค‘ ์ด 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CLIP-2), 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6-PGLS), annexin A5, galectin 3, protein S100-P๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์–ด ์ตœ์ข… ํ›„๋ณด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด 14์Œ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ƒํ›„ ์ฒซ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๊ฒ€์ฒด์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ELISA๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ validation์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 6๊ฐœ์˜ ํ›„๋ณด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ค‘ NGAL, annexin A5, 6-PGLS, protein S100-P๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด the area under the curve (AUCs)๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ข… NGAL, annexin A5, protein S100-P์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด AUC 0.932์˜ ๋†’์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  NGAL, protein S100-P, annexin A5๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์ƒ ์งํ›„ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” biomarker๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด proteomic์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด urinary biomarker๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„์˜ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถœ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์‹ ์†์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คAbstractsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆi Contents โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆiii List of tables and figures โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆiv Introductionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 1 Materials and Methodsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ3 Results โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ10 Discussionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ23 Conclusionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ28 Referencesโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ29 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋กโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ34Docto

    ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์—์„œ Pulse CO-Oximetry๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์นจ์Šต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ์˜ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž„์ƒ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ๊น€ํ•œ์„.Objective: To evaluate clinical applicability of noninvasive hemoglobin (Hb) measurement with a pulse CO-oximetry in neonates. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study for preterm or term neonates admitted to NICU of Seoul National University Childrens Hospital, Seoul, Korea. After IRB approval and informed consents from their parents, 56 neonates were enrolled in the study. Hb measurements by the Masimo Radical-7TM (Rainbow Pulse CO-Oximeterยฎ, Masimo Corp., Irvine, CA, USA) were recorded just prior to venous samplings and the collected data was compared with the corresponding venous Hb value by laboratory test. Results: The collected data were comยฌpared with the corresponding venous Hb level obtained in laboratory testing, and a total of 137 data pairs were analyzed. Noninvasive Hb values measured with a pulse CO-Oximetry were significantly corยฌrelated with the venous Hb levels (correlation coefficient, r = .758p < .001). Hb values measured with a pulse CO-Oximetry were higher than those measured with a laboratory hematology analyzer (13.3 ยฑ 2.6 g/dL vs. 12.5 ยฑ 3.1 g/dL). In terms of the agreement beยฌtween the laboratory analyzer and the pulse CO-oximetry, 94.8% of the measurements fell within two standard deviations of the mean difference. Conclusion: Noninvasive Hb measurements with pulse CO-Oximetry provide clinically acceptable accuracy, and they were significantly correlated with laboratory Hb measurement in neonates. In terms of the clinical applicability, noninvasive Hb monitoring with a pulse CO-Oximetry could be useful in the early detection of Hb changes in neonates. Keywords : hemoglobinhemoglobinopathymonitoringneonatal intensive carepremature infant Student Number : 2012-22727Abstract i Contents iii List of tables and figures iv Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 5 Discussion 11 References 14 Abstract in Korean 16Maste

    (A)study on design negotiation for public spaces in private-initiated urban development projects : focusing on the application cases of machizukuri councils in Japan

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •(๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2009.2.Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅคงๅญธ้™ข :ๆณ•ๅญธ็ง‘ ๆ†ฒๆณ•ๅฐˆๆ”ป,1995.Docto

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    ์ œ5์žฅ ์˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ / ์ด์ฃผํ˜ธยท์ •์˜ํ™” ใ€€ใ€€์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ ใ€€ใ€€์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ธ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€ ใ€€ใ€€์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์›์น™๊ณผ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ใ€€ใ€€์ œ4์ ˆ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ณผ์ œ: ์˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ธ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ใ€€ใ€€์ œ5์ ˆ ์ „ ๋งTRU
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