46 research outputs found

    Euisang: His Life in the Changing of the Times and Practice

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    7์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์‚ผ๊ตญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ํ†ต์ผ์‹ ๋ผ๋Š” ํ™•๋Œ€๋œ ์˜ํ† ์™€ ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ„์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๊ต๊ณ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํฐ ์ง„์ „์„ ์ด๋ฃฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์›ํšจ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ต์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์ •๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธํƒ€์‹ ์•™ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์•™์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์€ ์Šน๋ ค๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ˜„์‹ค ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถˆ๊ต๊ณ„๋Š” ์ถœ๊ฐ€ ์œค๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ „์Ÿ์— ์ž„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์†์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ ๋ถ„์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜€๋˜ ์‹ ๋ผ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ต์  ๊ณ„์œจ๊ณผ ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์Šน๋ ค๋“ค์˜ ์˜์‹์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ํ–‰์ ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์ƒ์€ ์‹ ๋ผ ํ™”์—„์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ํ™”์—„์‚ฌ์ƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ๋…์ž์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ค‘์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ„์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์ƒ์€ ์‹ค์ฒœํ–‰์— ์น˜์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธํƒ€์‹ ์•™์„ ์ง„์ž‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋„์  ๊ด€์Œ์‹ ์•™์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์ƒ์€ ์œตํ•ฉ์  ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ๋„ํ•œ ํ™”์—„ ๊ต๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธต๋ฏผ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์ œ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ถ„์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋˜ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ต๋‹จ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๊ต๋‹จ์˜ ์šด์˜๋„ ์ ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์™•์˜ ํ† ์ง€์™€ ๋…ธ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ์ฑ…์—๋„ ๋ฏผ์ƒ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฒ ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ธต๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์•ˆ์ •๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ 7์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ์˜์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ธ์‹์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค

    The stele of offering Tripitaka at Munsusa and a trend of Buddhist belief in the period of Mongol intervention

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    The stele of offering Tripitaka at Munsusa(ๆ–‡ๆฎŠๅฏบ่—็ถ“็ข‘) was made to record that Taiding Huanghou(ๆณฐๅฎš็š‡ๅŽ), Empress of Jinzong(ๆ™‹ๅฎ—), offered Tripitaka to Munsusa to pray for princes blessing. This thesis introduced new record of that steles backside. This record shows a trend of Buddhist belief in the first half of 14th century. The backside of the Munsusa stele consisted of making story and the list of donors. The rubbed copy of that stele is not even. But we can guess the construction nearly. I suppose that the upper portion was consisted of sixteen lines and one line has fifteen characters, and the lower portion has three steps. The list of donors shows thirty five men. They are twenty six general donors, four business monks five building officials. General donors are four royal people, who are three princesses and King of Sim(็€‹็Ž‹). Bureaucrats are fifteen high-rankers who are over third degree, and seven officials who are below fourth degree. Seven eunuches of Yuan financiers are contained in list. There was an conflict between King of Sim and King of Goryeo at that time. King of Sim appeared at high position, but the political tendency of donors are not same. Many donors who close to King Chungsuk(ๅฟ ่‚…็Ž‹) are appeared in list. Most donors secure Yuan government positions. The men who acted in Yuan took part in the Buddhist merit which praying Imperial blessing. In the period of Mongol intervention the monks who had close relationship with Yuan leaded Goryeo Buddhism. The belief of Buddhism was changed. The higher classes and individuals pray for realistic blessing and rely on Buddhist relievers. The belief of Avalokitesvara was prevailed. Men pray for blessing in this world and after through transcribing Sutras and making various Tankas. Munsusa stele built by printing Tripataka and enshrine to this monastery to pray for Imperial blessing. The building of this stele and donors who participated in this work show the belief trend of realistic blessing

    The Beginning and Development of Stone Pagodas in Ancient Japan

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