Variation in Copepod Abundance Due to Tidal Current Near Sonanjido(Is.) in the Yellow Sea

22othe

The Effect of Intradiscal Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for Management of Discogenic Lower Back Pain: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: Although several researches of animal and human subjects have yielded promising results regarding intradiscal injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the management of intervertebral disc (IVD) pathologies, small sample sizes and unstandardized graft preparation procedures hampered these research efforts. Therefore, we conducted a metaanalysis to evaluate the effectiveness of intradiscal PRP injection for the treatment of discogenic lower back pain. Methods: The PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published from January 01, 1980 to December 14, 2020. The keywords used for the search were (platelet-rich plasma) AND (intradiscal OR back pain OR lumbar spine OR discogenic). Filters were used to select studies with human participants; all study designs were included. Results: After the systematic review, three articles, including one randomized control trial and two prospective observational studies, were included in the final analysis. Analysis of changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores showed that VAS scores were significantly reduced two and six months after intradiscal PRP injection (two months: standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.837, 95% CI = -1.158 to -0.516, P < 0.001; six months: SMD = - 1.430, 95% CI = -2.209 to 0.652, P < 0.001), but not after one month (SMD = 0.661, 95% CI = -1.346 to 0.023, P = 0.058). Regarding changes in Owestry Disability Index (ODI), ODI scores were significantly reduced after six months (SMD = -0.964, 95% CI = - 1.885 to -0.043, P = 0.040). Conclusion: Intradiscal PRP injections are effective in relieving pain and improving disabilities caused by discogenic lower back pain. However, the pain-reducing effect significantly manifests two or six months after the injections, but not after one month

Fabrication of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanomaterials and their application to chemical sensors

Thesis(master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :화학생물공학부,2006.Maste

Distribution of calanoid copepod eggs in seabed sediments of Masan Bay, Korea

The distribution of calanoid copepod eggs was studied in the bottom sediment of Masan Bay (South Sea, Korea), where hypoxic conditions develop every summer, during a hopoxic period (August 2011) and a normoxic period (April 2012). In addition, an analysis was carried out concerning the relationship between seabed environments and the distribution pattern of morphologically normal and abnormal eggs. In August all stations showed hypoxic condition with sea bottom dissolved oxygen below 1.2 mg L-1, whereas in April they showed normoxic condition with sea bottom dissolved oxygen above 5.0 mg L-1. A measurement taken in the inner part of the bay during the hypoxic period gave a low pH ( 20 mol L-1) at sediment–water interface, whereas during the normoxic period there was no significant difference between stations. As for the abundance of eggs found in sediment, a higher range of density (between 0.61 and 2.01 × 106 eggs m-2) was observed during the hypoxic period compared to the normoxic period, and this level of abundance was higher than the levels reported to be observed at various global locations. The hypoxic period showed high proportion (maximum 77.1%) of abnormal eggs, including empty egg shells, in the inner part of the bay; whereas the normoxic period showed homogeneous distribution of normal eggs (> 80%) among all stations. The generation of abnormal eggs that either failed to develop to hatching or hatched into deformed nauplii is presumed to be related to the high concentration of H2S and low pH caused by hypoxia. This study will discuss the influences of hypoxia and seabed environments on hatching success of calanoid copepod eggs.1

Convergence angles and occlusal reduction of metal-ceramic crown preparations

학위논문(석사) --서울대학교 치의학대학원 :치의학과,2010.2.Maste

YouTube as a Source of Information on Epidural Steroid Injection

Objective: With the advance of the internet, social media platforms have become a major source of medical information. We assessed the reliability, quality, and usefulness of the most-viewed YouTube videos of epidural steroid injection (ESI). Methods: A search was conducted on YouTube on February 13, 2020, using the keywords "epidural injection," "epidural steroid injection," "epidural transforaminal injection," and "epidural transforaminal steroid injection." The top 50 most-viewed videos were assessed with a modified DISCERN scale (mDISCERN) and a Global Quality Scale (GQS). Further, the usefulness of information in each video was evaluated. Results: Only 22% of videos contained information with high reliability, and these were produced by hospitals or physicians. None of the videos provided by media organizations and patients were reliable. As for information quality, only 34% were moderate to excellent quality. Even of the videos produced by hospitals or physicians, approximately half were of generally poor or poor quality. Regarding the usefulness of information, although 76% were assessed to contain useful information, 8% had misleading information. Particularly, four of these videos contained misleading information, and three were provided by patients who experienced ESI. Conclusion: YouTube is a platform where medical information is actively shared and widespread. Here, we found that the reliability and quality of videos were low even when these were produced by hospitals or physicians. Further, the quality tended to be much lower when it was provided by media organizations or patients. Future efforts by physicians and professional societies to improve the reliability and quality of medical content are necessary