7 research outputs found

    Joint optimization of well placement and production control using PSO, EnOpt, and streamline assisted methods

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2016. 8. ์ตœ์ข…๊ทผ.๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํšŒ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํ˜„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ, ์„์œ ์ž์›์˜ ์‹ ๊ทœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์œ ์ „์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ์œ ์ „์—์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ถ”ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹œ์ถ”์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ •๋“ค์˜ ์šด์˜์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ด‘์—ญํƒ์ƒ‰ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ธ PSO์™€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ EnOpt๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋„ํ™”ํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ง€๋„์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ•ด์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’ํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ธฐ์กด ์œ ์ „์— ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ž…์ •, ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ถ”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ถˆ๊ท ์งˆ์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์ €๋ฅ˜์ธต์—์„œ๋„ ๊ด‘์—ญ์ตœ์ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ž˜ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ธ PSO๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ„์‚ฐํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„ ๋” ์ ์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ˆœํ˜„์žฌ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ ์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ •์œ„์น˜์™€ ์šด์˜์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋™์‹œ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์„์œ ์œ ์ „ ์šด์˜์ž์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ์œ ์ •์œ„์น˜์ตœ์ ํ™” 2 1.2 ์ƒ์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฑด์ตœ์ ํ™” 6 1.3 ์œ ์ •์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋™์‹œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” 8 ์ œ 2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 11 2.1 PSO 11 2.2 EnOpt 18 2.3 ์œ ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ 24 2.4 ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ง€๋„ 27 2.5 ์ œ์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 33 ์ œ 3์žฅ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 36 3.1 ๋ชฉ์ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ 36 3.2 ์ฐธ์กฐํ•„๋“œ 38 3.3 ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ง€๋„์˜ ์ž…์ž๋ฐฐ์น˜๋น„์œจ 42 3.4 ์ฃผ์ž…์ •์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์กฐ๊ฑด ๋™์‹œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” 50 3.5 ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ •์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋™์‹œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” 56 ์ œ 4์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  64 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 65 ABSTRACT 75Maste

    Effects of the storage conditions on the stability of TPN preparations

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ(์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ/์ž„์ƒ์•ฝํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2015. 8. ์‹ ์™„๊ท .ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์–‘ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ถ•์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์˜์–‘๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์–‘์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ TPN(Total Parenteral Nutrition)์ œ์ œ๋Š” ์ •๋งฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ Glucose, amino acids, ์ง€์šฉ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ, ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰์›์†Œ์™€ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•จ์œ ๋œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ TPN์ด ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ™”ํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ๋น›, ์˜จ๋„๋“ฑ์— ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์กฐ์ œ ํ›„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋น›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ฐจ๊ด‘๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋กœ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ด‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” TPN์šฉ์•ก์„ ์กฐ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์ œ๋ถ€์„œ๋‚˜ TPN์šฉ์•ก์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ถ€์„œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์—…๋ฌด ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํ™˜์ž๋ณธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์ค‘์— ์‹œํŒ์ค‘์ธ PE์†Œ์žฌ์˜ TPN์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ ํ˜ผ์ฃผ ํ›„ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ํฌ์žฅ์šฉ๊ธฐ, ๋†๋„, ๋ณด๊ด€์˜จ๋„, ์ฐจ๊ด‘์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์†Œ์‹ค ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ TPN์ œ์ œ์˜ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•จ์— ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํฌ์žฅ์šฉ๊ธฐ(์œ ๋ฆฌ๋ณ‘, PE์žฌ์งˆ ๋น„๋‹๋ฐฑ), ๋†๋„, ์ฐจ๊ด‘๋ƒ‰์žฅ(์กฐ์ œ ํ›„ ๋ณด๊ด€์กฐ๊ฑด), ์ฐจ๊ด‘์‹ค์˜จ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฐจ๊ด‘์‹ค์˜จ(ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด) 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฉ์น˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„, 48์‹œ๊ฐ„, 72์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ฒด์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋‹น 3๊ฐœ์”ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ์ƒ, ์ž…์ž๋ถ„ํฌ, pH, ์‚ผํˆฌ์••, ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ๊ฐ€, ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐํ•จ๋Ÿ‰, ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๋“ฑ ๊ฐ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3ํšŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œํ—˜๊ฐ’์„ 100.0%๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ %๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ TPN์กฐ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํฌ์žฅ์šฉ๊ธฐ, ์ฐจ๊ด‘์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋ณด๊ด€์˜จ๋„์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ 72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ C(Ascorbic acid)๋งŒ์ด ํฌ์žฅ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„์ฐจ๊ด‘์‹ค์˜จ ๋ณด๊ด€์‹œ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„ 2.0~2.6%, 48์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„ 3.9~5.5%, 72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„ 10.2~19.7%์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ์˜จ์— ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋˜์–ด ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐจ๊ด‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—…๋ฌด ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๊ด‘๋ด‰ํˆฌ ์—†์ด ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.์„œ๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 3) ์กฐ์ œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 1) ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ 2) ๊ฒ€์ฒด ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ์•ฝ 3) ๋ณด๊ด€์กฐ๊ฑด 4) ์‹คํ—˜์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฒด์ˆ˜ 5) ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ญ๋ชฉ 6) ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 7) Data ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1. ์„ฑ์ƒ 2. ์ž…์žํฌ๊ธฐ 3. pH 4. ์‚ผํˆฌ์•• 5. ๊ณผ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ๊ฐ€(POV) 6. Amino Acids 7. ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ์ดˆ๋กMaste

    How Korean SAT Scores Differ Between Coed and Single-sex Schools

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™๋ถ€, 2013. 8. ํ™ฉ์œค์žฌ.Whether student academic achievement is better in single-sex schools has been controversial. Despite much research on this issue, it hardly seems to reach any consensus on the effect of single-sex schooling due to student selection into certain school types. I take advantage of a unique setting in the Republic of Korea, where students had been randomly assigned to high schools until 2009. Using the Korean data of students entering high schools in 2005, I observe that students' socioeconomic backgrounds are well-balanced between coed and single-sex schools. This supports the randomness of student assignment rule in Korea. Regarding the assignment to coed or single-sex schools as treatment, I estimate the treatment effect with parametric and semiparametric approach. Since household income and student studying time also affect Korean SAT (college entrance exam) scores, I primarily control for these factors. For male students, attending single-sex schools rather than coed schools is shown to be significantly associated with higher KSAT scores. To further examine distributional consequences of this educational treatment, I conduct nonparametric hypotheses testing regarding conditional average treatment effect and first-order stochastic dominance across control variables. I consider univariate control, multivariate control, and a fixed control among two covariates. Male students in boys' high schools are shown to get higher scores than those in coed schools across all income level or study time, whereas girls' scores show no significant difference between two school types. However, fixing study time, hard-working male students seem not to be negatively affected by coed schooling.Maste

    The Causes and Consequences of Ambivalent Attitude toward North Koreans: An Empirical Test

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ถํ•œ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์ถฉ์  ํƒœ๋„์™€ ํ†ต์ผ์ธ์‹์—์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถํ•œ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน์  ํ†ต์ผ์ธ์‹์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ถํ•œ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ยท์ด์ค‘์  ์ธ์‹, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถํ•œ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ํƒˆ๋ถ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ†ต์ผ์ •์ฑ… ์„ค๊ณ„์—๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ •์น˜์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ์  ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ์ด๋ก ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ƒ์ถฉ์  ํƒœ๋„(ambivalent attitudes)์˜ ํ‹€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์˜พ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ถํ•œ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ์ถฉ์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ์ถฉ์  ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ†ต์ผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ๋กœ์ง“ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„(ordered logit regression analysis)๊ณผ ์ด๋ถ„์‚ฐํ”„๋กœ๋น—ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„(heteroskedasitc probit regression analysis)์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ถ„์‚ฐํ”„๋กœ๋น—๋ถ„์„์€ ์ค‘์‹ฌํšŒ๊ท€์‹๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต์ผํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ตํ™•๋ฅ ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ์  ํƒœ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์ •์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค.We analyze empirically the causes of ambivalent attitudes toward North Koreans and defectors and their effects of different attitudes toward unification. Specifically, we find the common features of ambivalent attitudes and what they think of how much unification is needed compared with those whose attitudes toward North Koreans are one-sided. Our empirical findings show that (1) older generations, people with the higher education, and ideologically centrists are likely to be ambivalent toward North Koreans, and (2) the ambivalent respondents tend to regard unification as needed. For empirical testing, ordered logit regression model and heteroskedastic probit model are applied
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