9 research outputs found
μ§μ μ λ¬κ³Ό μ§μ μ§ν: μ€κ΅ λμ€ νλμ°λ₯루μ§μμ μμΈ μ°μ μ μ¬λ‘λ‘
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Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μ¬νκ΅μ‘κ³Ό(μ§λ¦¬μ 곡), 2017. 2. Douglas Roger Gress.μ€κ΅μ μμΈ μ°μ
μ μλμ μΌλ‘ κΈ΄ μμ¬μλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ μ΅κ·ΌμμμΌ μΈκ³μ μΌλ‘ μ£Όλͺ©μ λ°κΈ° μμνλ€. νΉν, λμ€νμ΄μ‘±μμΉκ΅¬μ μμΉν νλμ°λ₯루μ§μμ κΈμν λ°μ νλ μμΈ μμ° μ§μμ΄λ€. μ΄κ³³μ 2010λ
μλ μμ΄λλ¦¬κ° 10κ°μ λΆκ³ΌνμΌλ. 2016λ
νμ¬ 100 μ¬ κ°λ‘ μ¦κ°νμκ³ λ 100 μ¬ κ°μ μμ΄λλ¦¬κ° κ±΄μ€ μ€μ μλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ μ νλμ°λ₯루μ§μμ΄λΌλ μ ν₯ μμΈ ν΄λ¬μ€ν° λ΄μ μ§μ λ΄, μ§μ κ° κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ§μ μΈ μ§μ νλ¦μ κΈ°μ
λ¨μμμ κ΄μ°°νκ³ , μ§μμ 곡μ§ν(co-evolution)μ λν μ§μ μ λ¬μ μν₯μ μ§νκ²½μ μ§λ¦¬νμ μ£Όμ κ΅¬μ± μμμΈ μ κΈ(lock-in) νμ, νμ κΈ(de-locking), κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ λμ κ³ λ €λ₯Ό ν¬ν¨ν λ€νΈμν¬μ μ§νλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λΆμνλ κ²μ΄λ€.
ꡬ체μ μΌλ‘, λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μ°μ μ§νκ²½μ μ§λ¦¬ν, μ λ, μ§μμ 곡μ§ν, μμΈ μ°μ
, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λμ μ§μμμμ μμΈ μ°μ
κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ λ¬Έν μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ§ννκ³ , μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μΈ κ°μ§ μ°κ΅¬ μ§λ¬Έμ λμΆνλ€. μ§λ¬Έλ€μ μ§μ μ λ¬μ λν μ§μ λ΄, μ§μ κ°, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ§μ μΈ μμ¬μν΅μ μλ¨ λ° μν₯, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ λΆ μ λ(μ μ±
, κΈ°κ° μμ€, κΈμ΅ λ±)μ κ΅μ‘ μ λκ° κΈ°μ
μ μ±κ³΅κ³Ό μ§μμ 곡μ§νμ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ μ‘°μ¬νκΈ° μν΄ μ€κ³λμλ€.
λν, μ€μ¦μ μλ£λ λ°κ΅¬μ‘°νλ μΈν°λ·°λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ·¨λνμμΌλ©°, κ·λͺ¨κ° μμ΄ν 26κ° μμ΄λ리μ μ’
μ¬νλ 31λͺ
μ μ§μκ³Ό μμΈ μ°μ
κ³Ό μ§μ μ μΌλ‘ μ°κ΄λμ΄ μλ λ λͺ
μ 곡무μμ λμμΌλ‘ νμλ€. μΈν°λ·° μλ£λ μ€κ΅μμμ 45μΌμ νμ§μ‘°μ¬λ‘ λ³νν μ°Έμ¬κ΄μ°°λ‘ 보좩νμλ€.
μ°κ΅¬ μ§λ¬Έμ λν λ΅μ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€. μ°μ , μ§λ¦¬μ μ κ·Όμ±μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μ§μ λ΄ μμ¬μν΅μ λΉλκ° μ§μ κ° νΉμ μ§μ μΈ μμ¬μν΅λ³΄λ€ ν¨μ¬ λμμΌλ©°, κ·Έ λ΄μ©μ κΉμ΄λ μμ¬μν΅μ μλ¨μ λ°λΌ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό 보μλ€. λν, μ§μ λ΄ μμ¬μν΅μ κ° μμ΄λ리μ μμ°κ³Ό ν맀μ λμμ μ€ λ°λ©΄, μ§μ κ° νΉμ μ§μ μΈ μμ¬μν΅μ κ° μμ΄λ리μ μ΄μ κ²½ν νΉμ μ κ·Όμ±μ λ°λΌ λ€λ₯Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보μλ€. ν΄μΈ κ²½νμ΄ μ κ±°λ, ν΄μΈμμ κ΅μ‘λ°μ μ§μμ΄ μκ±°λ μ μ μμ΄λ리λ€μ μ§μ κ° κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ§μ μΈ μ§μ νλ¦μ λ ν° μν₯μ λ°μμΌλ©°, νΉν μμ₯μ λν λ
ΈμΆκ³Ό μμ° μ μ°¨μ λν΄ μν₯μ λ°μλ€. ννΈ, μ’ λ κ²½νμ΄ μλ μμ΄λ리λ€μ ν΄μΈ μμ° κΈ°μ μ μ κ·Όμ±μ΄ μμμλ μ§μμ κ³ μ ν κ°μ±μ κ°λ°ν΄μΌ νλ€λ νμμ±μ λκΌλ€. μ€μ λ‘ λͺλͺ μλ΅μλ€μ μ§μμ μμΈ ν΄λ¬μ€ν°μ μ ν©νμ§ μμ μ μλ ν΄μΈ κΈ°μ μ λ§Ήλͺ©μ μΌλ‘ λ€μ¬μ€λ κ²μ λν΄ κ²½κ³νμλ€.
μ λμ 곡μ§νκ° μ°μ
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ§μ λ°μ μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ μμλΌλ κ² λν μμΈ μ°μ
μ’
μ¬μλ€κ³Ό 곡무μλ€μ μΈν°λ·°μμ λνλ¬λ€. μμ΄λ리λ€μ΄ μλ‘ κ²½μ μλλΌλ μ μμ μ§κ΄μ μ΄κΈλλ κ²μ²λΌ λ³΄μΌ μ μμΌλ, μ λ’°μ νλ λν μμ΄λλ¦¬λ€ μ¬μ΄μμ λλ ·μ΄ λνλ¬λ€. κΈμ΅κ³Ό ν μ§ μ¬μ©μ λν μ μ±
λ€κ³Ό μ λΆ μ£Όλμ κ΅λ΄ νλ, μμ΄λ리 ν¬μ΄, ν΄μΈ μμ΄λ리 ν¬μ΄ λ±λ μΈκΈλμλ€. ννΈ κ΅λ΄μ μμΈ κ΄λ ¨ κ΅μ‘κ³Όμ λ€μ μμ΄λ리λ€μ κ²°μνλ μ μ°©μ κΈ°λ₯μ νλ©°, μ§μ μ λ¬μ μ΄μ§νλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€. μ΄λ¬ν μΌλ ¨μ νλκ³Ό μ‘°μΉμ λν μμ΄λ리λ€μ μ견μ μ λ°μ μΌλ‘λ κΈμ μ μ΄μμΌλ, νκ³μ λν μΈκΈλμλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ κ°μΉλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€. μ°μ μ§μμ νμ κΈκ³Ό μ μνλ ₯μ±(adaptive resilience)μ λν μ€μ¦μ κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ§λ ¨νμμΌλ©°, μ§μμ μ§νμ 곡μ§νκ° λμμ μ‘΄μ¬νλ€λ κ²μ λ°νλ€. λν, λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ κ²°κ³Όκ° μ§νλ‘ μ κ΄μ μ λν κΈ°μ‘΄ λ¬Ένλ€μ μ£Όμ₯κ³Ό λμ²΄λ‘ μΌμΉνμμΌλ, μΈλΆ μ§μ ν‘μμ λν κΈμ μ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λΆμ μ μΈ μν₯μ΄ λμμ λνλ¬λ€λ μλ‘μ΄ μ μ λ°κ²¬νμλ€. λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘, λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μΆ©λΆν μ°κ΅¬λμ§ μμ, κ°λ°λμκ΅μ μ ν₯ μ°μ
ν΄λ¬μ€ν°μ λν μ΄ν΄λ₯Ό μ¦μ§νλ λ° κΈ°μ¬νμμΌλ©°, μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ ν₯ μ°μ
μ μ±μ₯κ³Ό μ§μκ°λ₯μ±μ νμν ꡬ체μ μΈ μ°μ
μ βμ§μμ κ³Όμ μ λν ν΅μ°°λ ₯μ μ 곡νμλ€.Despite its relatively long history, only recently has the Chinese wine industry started to gain popular attention globally. Notably, the Eastern Foot of the Helan Mountain Region in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is a rapidly developing wine producing region which had ten wineries until 2010, but now, in 2016, has more than a hundred wineries and a hundred more under construction.
The purpose of this research is to examine firm level intra, inter, and extra-regional knowledge flows in the emerging wine cluster in the Easter Foot of the Helan Mountain Region and to analyze the influence of knowledge transfer vis-Γ -vis regional co-evolution using building blocks from Evolutionary Economic Geography such as lock-in, de-locking, and the evolution of networks inclusive of institutional considerations.
More specifically, after reviewing literature related to Evolutionary Economic Geography, institutions, regional co-evolution, the wine industry, and the wine industry in the target region, this research deploys three research questions (some with multiple parts) to investigate different modes of, and impacts from, intra-, inter-, and extra-regional communication on knowledge transfer in addition to the influence of governmental (e.g. policy, infrastructure, and finance) and educational institutions on firm success and regional co-evolution.
Data were acquired from qualitative, semi-structured interviews with thirty-one wine industry employees working at twenty-six wineries of various sizes located in the targeted regional wine cluster and two government informants directly involved with the wine industry there. Interview data, gathered over the course of forty-five days of field research in China, are augmented by participant observation.
With regard to insights gained with specific reference to the research questions, due to geographical proximity, intra-regional communication is much more frequent than inter- or extra-regional communication, and the depth of the communication content varies by mode of communication (e.g. on-line or off-line). Also, while most intra-regional communication is considered helpful for the production and sales of individual wineries, inter-regional communication impacts vary depending on whether or not firms have prior experience with, and therefore accessibility to, knowledge from foreign wine regions. Wineries with less experience abroad and with no or fewer personnel trained abroad perceive a greater impact from inter and extra-regional knowledge flows, particularly in terms of market exposure and, to a limited degree, production processes. More experienced firms, though, feel they have an imperative to develop wine with unique local characteristics even if they have access to foreign production techniques. In fact, several informants feel the need to guard against blindly importing foreign technique that may not work well in the local wine cluster.
Moreover, according to interviews with both winery workers and government officials, institutional co-evolution is shown to be a factor impacting industrial and regional development. Though perhaps counter-intuitive, trust and cooperation are evident among the regional wineries. Policy concerning financing and land use, and government initiatives to provide exposure to foreign wineries, wine experts, and regions via the promotion of domestic events, domestic wine tourism, and travel abroad are explored. Further, domestic, wine related educational programs are found to be a common glue helping to bind wineries together and facilitate knowledge transfer. While the overall impression of these measures are cumulatively positive, some drawbacks are also referenced.
The significance of this research rests in evidence found that points to de-locking, the deployment of adaptive resilience, and the evolution of the industry in the region and of the region itself (co-evolution). Further, while the evolutionary thesis is largely found to hold true, the case study simultaneously unearths both positive and negative impacts derived from the acceptance of external knowledge on innovation, a new finding. Finally, this research addresses a call in the literature by contributing to understanding of an under-researched emerging industry cluster in a developing country, thus providing insight into industry and regional specific processes necessary for the growth and sustainability of new industries.1. Introduction 1
1.1. Research relevance and purpose 1
1.2. Thesis outline 4
2. Literature Review 6
2.1. Evolutionary Economic Geography 6
2.1.1. Past Debates in Evolutionary Economic Geography 6
2.1.2. Lock-in, De-locking and Knowledge Transfer: Why resilience matters 10
2.1.3. The Role of Government and Policy in EEG 17
2.2. Institutions and Evolutionary Paths 21
2.3. The Wine Industry 25
2.3.1. The Wine Industry and EEG 27
2.3.2. Globalization and the Chinese Wine Industry 29
2.4. Regional Background: Ningxia and the Eastern Foot of the Helan Mountain Region 37
2.4.1. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 37
2.4.2. The Wine Industry in the Eastern Foot of the Helan Mountain Region 40
2.5. Summary and Implication for the Thesis 47
3. Case Study Comprising the Research 50
3.1. Research Questions 50
3.2. Methodology, Data Acquisition, and Data 52
3.2.1. Semi-structured Interviews 54
3.2.2. Participant Observation 54
3.2.3. Data 56
3.3. Results and Discussion 64
3.4. Summary and Discussion 112
4. Conclusion 114
References 117
κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘ 128
δΈζζθ¦ 130Maste