9 research outputs found

    지식 전달과 지역 진화: 쀑ꡭ 닝샀 ν—ˆλž€μ‚°λ‘₯λ£¨μ§€μ—­μ˜ 와인 산업을 μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬νšŒκ΅μœ‘κ³Ό(지리전곡), 2017. 2. Douglas Roger Gress.μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 와인 산업은 μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈ΄ 역사에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ΅œκ·Όμ—μ„œμ•Ό μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ£Όλͺ©μ„ λ°›κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€. 특히, λ‹μƒ€ν›„μ΄μ‘±μžμΉ˜κ΅¬μ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ ν—ˆλž€μ‚°λ‘₯루지역은 κΈ‰μ†νžˆ λ°œμ „ν•˜λŠ” 와인 생산 지역이닀. 이곳은 2010λ…„μ—λŠ” μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬κ°€ 10κ°œμ— λΆˆκ³Όν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜. 2016λ…„ ν˜„μž¬ 100 μ—¬ 개둜 μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€κ³  또 100 μ—¬ 개의 μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬κ°€ 건섀 쀑에 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ ν—ˆλž€μ‚°λ‘₯λ£¨μ§€μ—­μ΄λΌλŠ” μ‹ ν₯ 와인 ν΄λŸ¬μŠ€ν„° λ‚΄μ˜ 지역 λ‚΄, 지역 κ°„ 그리고 지역 μ™Έ 지식 흐름을 κΈ°μ—… λ‹¨μœ„μ—μ„œ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ³ , 지역적 곡진화(co-evolution)에 λŒ€ν•œ 지식 μ „λ‹¬μ˜ 영ν–₯을 μ§„ν™”κ²½μ œμ§€λ¦¬ν•™μ˜ μ£Όμš” ꡬ성 μš”μ†ŒμΈ 잠금(lock-in) ν˜„μƒ, νƒˆμž κΈˆ(de-locking), 그리고 μ œλ„μ  κ³ λ €λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ˜ 진화λ₯Ό 톡해 λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. ꡬ체적으둜, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μš°μ„  μ§„ν™”κ²½μ œμ§€λ¦¬ν•™, μ œλ„, 지역적 곡진화, 와인 μ‚°μ—…, 그리고 λŒ€μƒ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œμ˜ 와인 μ‚°μ—…κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ¬Έν—Œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ„Έ 가지 연ꡬ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ„μΆœν•œλ‹€. μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ€ 지식 전달에 λŒ€ν•œ 지역 λ‚΄, 지역 κ°„, 그리고 지역 μ™Έ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ˜ μˆ˜λ‹¨ 및 영ν–₯, 그리고 μ •λΆ€ μ œλ„(μ •μ±…, κΈ°κ°„ μ‹œμ„€, 금육 λ“±)와 ꡐ윑 μ œλ„κ°€ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 성곡과 지역적 곡진화에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„€κ³„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 싀증적 μžλ£ŒλŠ” λ°˜κ΅¬μ‘°ν™”λœ 인터뷰λ₯Ό 톡해 μ·¨λ“ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 규λͺ¨κ°€ μƒμ΄ν•œ 26개 μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬μ— μ’…μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 31λͺ…μ˜ 직원과 와인 μ‚°μ—…κ³Ό μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 두 λͺ…μ˜ 곡무원을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 인터뷰 μžλ£ŒλŠ” μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œμ˜ 45일의 ν˜„μ§€μ‘°μ‚¬λ‘œ λ³‘ν–‰ν•œ μ°Έμ—¬κ΄€μ°°λ‘œ λ³΄μΆ©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. μš°μ„ , 지리적 μ ‘κ·Όμ„±μœΌλ‘œ 인해 지역 λ‚΄ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ˜ λΉˆλ„κ°€ 지역 κ°„ ν˜Ήμ€ 지역 μ™Έ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 λ†’μ•˜μœΌλ©°, κ·Έ λ‚΄μš©μ˜ κΉŠμ΄λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ˜ μˆ˜λ‹¨μ— 따라 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 지역 λ‚΄ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ€ 각 μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬μ˜ 생산과 νŒλ§€μ— 도움을 μ€€ 반면, 지역 κ°„ ν˜Ήμ€ 지역 μ™Έ μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ€ 각 μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬μ˜ 이전 κ²½ν—˜ ν˜Ήμ€ 접근성에 따라 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. ν•΄μ™Έ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μ κ±°λ‚˜, ν•΄μ™Έμ—μ„œ κ΅μœ‘λ°›μ€ 직원이 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ 적은 μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬λ“€μ€ 지역 κ°„ 그리고 지역 μ™Έ 지식 흐름에 더 큰 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•˜μœΌλ©°, 특히 μ‹œμž₯에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…ΈμΆœκ³Ό 생산 μ ˆμ°¨μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•˜λ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ, μ’€ 더 κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬λ“€μ€ ν•΄μ™Έ 생산 κΈ°μˆ μ— 접근성이 μžˆμŒμ—λ„ μ§€μ—­μ˜ κ³ μœ ν•œ κ°œμ„±μ„ κ°œλ°œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ λŠκΌˆλ‹€. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ‘λ‹΅μžλ“€μ€ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 와인 ν΄λŸ¬μŠ€ν„°μ— μ ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆλŠ” ν•΄μ™Έ κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ§Ήλͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ—¬μ˜€λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ²½κ³„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ œλ„μ  곡진화가 μ‚°μ—… 그리고 지역 λ°œμ „μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μ†ŒλΌλŠ” 것 λ˜ν•œ 와인 μ‚°μ—… μ’…μ‚¬μžλ“€κ³Ό κ³΅λ¬΄μ›λ“€μ˜ μΈν„°λ·°μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬λ“€μ΄ μ„œλ‘œ 경쟁 μƒλŒ€λΌλŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 직관에 μ–΄κΈ‹λ‚˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보일 수 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, 신뒰와 ν˜‘λ™ λ˜ν•œ μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬λ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 뚜렷이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 금육과 토지 μ‚¬μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ •μ±…λ“€κ³Ό μ •λΆ€ μ£Όλ„μ˜ κ΅­λ‚΄ ν™œλ™, μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬ νˆ¬μ–΄, ν•΄μ™Έ μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬ νˆ¬μ–΄ 등도 μ–ΈκΈ‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ κ΅­λ‚΄μ˜ 와인 κ΄€λ ¨ κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •λ“€μ€ μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬λ“€μ„ κ²°μ†ν•˜λŠ” μ ‘μ°©μ œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 ν•˜λ©°, 지식 전달을 μ΄‰μ§„ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 일련의 ν™œλ™κ³Ό μ‘°μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ™€μ΄λ„ˆλ¦¬λ“€μ˜ μ˜κ²¬μ€ μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κΈμ •μ μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, ν•œκ³„μ  λ˜ν•œ μ–ΈκΈ‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. μš°μ„  지역적 νƒˆμž κΈˆκ³Ό 적응탄λ ₯μ„±(adaptive resilience)에 λŒ€ν•œ 싀증적 κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 지역적 진화와 곡진화가 λ™μ‹œμ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°ν˜”λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ 진화둠적 관점에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°μ‘΄ λ¬Έν—Œλ“€μ˜ μ£Όμž₯κ³Ό λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ μΌμΉ˜ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, μ™ΈλΆ€ 지식 ν‘μˆ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 긍정적 그리고 뢀정적인 영ν–₯이 λ™μ‹œμ— λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 점을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€, κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ˜ μ‹ ν₯ μ‚°μ—… ν΄λŸ¬μŠ€ν„°μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해λ₯Ό μ¦μ§„ν•˜λŠ” 데 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ‹ ν₯ μ‚°μ—…μ˜ μ„±μž₯κ³Ό 지속가λŠ₯성에 ν•„μš”ν•œ ꡬ체적인 μ‚°μ—…μ βˆ™μ§€μ—­μ  과정에 λŒ€ν•œ 톡찰λ ₯을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.Despite its relatively long history, only recently has the Chinese wine industry started to gain popular attention globally. Notably, the Eastern Foot of the Helan Mountain Region in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is a rapidly developing wine producing region which had ten wineries until 2010, but now, in 2016, has more than a hundred wineries and a hundred more under construction. The purpose of this research is to examine firm level intra, inter, and extra-regional knowledge flows in the emerging wine cluster in the Easter Foot of the Helan Mountain Region and to analyze the influence of knowledge transfer vis-Γ -vis regional co-evolution using building blocks from Evolutionary Economic Geography such as lock-in, de-locking, and the evolution of networks inclusive of institutional considerations. More specifically, after reviewing literature related to Evolutionary Economic Geography, institutions, regional co-evolution, the wine industry, and the wine industry in the target region, this research deploys three research questions (some with multiple parts) to investigate different modes of, and impacts from, intra-, inter-, and extra-regional communication on knowledge transfer in addition to the influence of governmental (e.g. policy, infrastructure, and finance) and educational institutions on firm success and regional co-evolution. Data were acquired from qualitative, semi-structured interviews with thirty-one wine industry employees working at twenty-six wineries of various sizes located in the targeted regional wine cluster and two government informants directly involved with the wine industry there. Interview data, gathered over the course of forty-five days of field research in China, are augmented by participant observation. With regard to insights gained with specific reference to the research questions, due to geographical proximity, intra-regional communication is much more frequent than inter- or extra-regional communication, and the depth of the communication content varies by mode of communication (e.g. on-line or off-line). Also, while most intra-regional communication is considered helpful for the production and sales of individual wineries, inter-regional communication impacts vary depending on whether or not firms have prior experience with, and therefore accessibility to, knowledge from foreign wine regions. Wineries with less experience abroad and with no or fewer personnel trained abroad perceive a greater impact from inter and extra-regional knowledge flows, particularly in terms of market exposure and, to a limited degree, production processes. More experienced firms, though, feel they have an imperative to develop wine with unique local characteristics even if they have access to foreign production techniques. In fact, several informants feel the need to guard against blindly importing foreign technique that may not work well in the local wine cluster. Moreover, according to interviews with both winery workers and government officials, institutional co-evolution is shown to be a factor impacting industrial and regional development. Though perhaps counter-intuitive, trust and cooperation are evident among the regional wineries. Policy concerning financing and land use, and government initiatives to provide exposure to foreign wineries, wine experts, and regions via the promotion of domestic events, domestic wine tourism, and travel abroad are explored. Further, domestic, wine related educational programs are found to be a common glue helping to bind wineries together and facilitate knowledge transfer. While the overall impression of these measures are cumulatively positive, some drawbacks are also referenced. The significance of this research rests in evidence found that points to de-locking, the deployment of adaptive resilience, and the evolution of the industry in the region and of the region itself (co-evolution). Further, while the evolutionary thesis is largely found to hold true, the case study simultaneously unearths both positive and negative impacts derived from the acceptance of external knowledge on innovation, a new finding. Finally, this research addresses a call in the literature by contributing to understanding of an under-researched emerging industry cluster in a developing country, thus providing insight into industry and regional specific processes necessary for the growth and sustainability of new industries.1. Introduction 1 1.1. Research relevance and purpose 1 1.2. Thesis outline 4 2. Literature Review 6 2.1. Evolutionary Economic Geography 6 2.1.1. Past Debates in Evolutionary Economic Geography 6 2.1.2. Lock-in, De-locking and Knowledge Transfer: Why resilience matters 10 2.1.3. The Role of Government and Policy in EEG 17 2.2. Institutions and Evolutionary Paths 21 2.3. The Wine Industry 25 2.3.1. The Wine Industry and EEG 27 2.3.2. Globalization and the Chinese Wine Industry 29 2.4. Regional Background: Ningxia and the Eastern Foot of the Helan Mountain Region 37 2.4.1. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 37 2.4.2. The Wine Industry in the Eastern Foot of the Helan Mountain Region 40 2.5. Summary and Implication for the Thesis 47 3. Case Study Comprising the Research 50 3.1. Research Questions 50 3.2. Methodology, Data Acquisition, and Data 52 3.2.1. Semi-structured Interviews 54 3.2.2. Participant Observation 54 3.2.3. Data 56 3.3. Results and Discussion 64 3.4. Summary and Discussion 112 4. Conclusion 114 References 117 ꡭ문초둝 128 δΈ­ζ–‡ζ‘˜θ¦ 130Maste

    A Study on the quality and function improvement by tea blending

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