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    ๅ…งยทๅค–ๅ‘็š„ ๆ€งๆ ผ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„ ๅƒ่ˆ‡็ถ“้ฉ—์ด PCํ†ต์‹  ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๆจฃๆ…‹์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์–ธ๋ก ์ •๋ณดํ•™๊ณผ,1998.Maste

    A Study on Mirativity in Korean Endings

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ตญ์–ด๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ๋ฐ•์ง„ํ˜ธ.๋ณธ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์–ด๋ฏธ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์“ฐ์ž„์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ ใƒปํ†ต์‚ฌ์ ใƒป์˜๋ฏธ์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜์— ์•ž์„œ์„œ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ก ์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ ‘ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ํ˜•๋ก ์  ๊ด€์ ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์‹ ์–‘ํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์ด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ๋„ ์ธ์ ‘ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ†ต์‚ฌ์ ใƒป์˜๋ฏธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ œ2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ธ์ ‘ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์–ด๋ฏธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๋ ค๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. -๊ตฌ๋‚˜๋ฅ˜, -๋„ค, -๋”-, -ใ„ด๊ฑธ/๋Š”๊ฑธ, -๋‹ค๋‹ˆ, -์ž–-์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์  ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ™”์ž์˜ ์ง€์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋งŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜๋ฏธ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ ใƒปํ†ต์‚ฌ์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜•ํƒœ์ ใƒปํ†ต์‚ฌ์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์–ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ, ์œ ์‚ฌ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ ํšจ๊ณผ, ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ฏธ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ„๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ ํšจ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์–ด๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฒœ์ฐฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ ใƒปํ†ต์‚ฌ์ ใƒป์˜๋ฏธ์  ์‹คํ˜„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์—์„œ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.The primary aim of this thesis is to examine mirativity in Korean endings, identifying the meaning and the usage of each ending and by investigating the morphological, syntactic, and semantic features of mirativity in the Korean language. The usage of mirativity markers reveals the knowledge structure of the speaker on the ground that mirativity classifies the contents in a proposition delivered to the speaker as a newfound experience, since they are not on the speakers knowledge structure yet. First, in Chapter 2, the multiple discussions on mirativity since its first proposal in 1997 are summarized to present how mirativity is encoded not only within various languages but also in the Korean language. By doing so, the concept and meaning of mirativity are presented as well. Mirativity in Korean has been regarded as a subcategory of other adjacent semantic categories such as epistemic modality or evidentiality, or understood just as a mirative extension of those, not as an independent semantic category in itself. However a number of recent studies based on the cross-linguistic methodology have reported that several languages contain mirative strategies or miratives, which supports the concept of mirativity as an independent semantic category distinguished from modality, evidentiality, or any other similar semantic concepts, and so does the Korean language. Therefore, mirativity in the Korean language should be claimed as an independent semantic category. In Chapter 3 the following six endings: -guna(-๊ตฌ๋‚˜), -ne(๋„ค), -teo-(-๋”-), -n geol(-ใ„ด๊ฑธ), -tani(-๋‹ค๋‹ˆ), -janh-(-์ž–-) can be found with plenty of examples in the corpus data, as they are selected to examine specific mirativity phenomena. Furthermore, I also propose that mirativity in Korean endings has its own semantic subcategories. The morphological and syntactic features of mirativity in Korean endings and its semantic subcategories are investigated in Chapter 4. In some cases of combining a mirative ending with another ending, the compositionality breaks. The combined ending delivers a meaning which cannot be directly inferred from its stems. And a rhetorical question is constructed with mirative endings as well. When mirativity-driven rhetorical questions are frequently found in various languages, rhetorical questions made with mirativity markers are not an unique phenomenon of the Korean language but a cross-linguistic grounded phenomenon. And I also want to tell a construction: P1-ne(-๋„ค) P1-eo(-์–ด) which is mainly found in a colloquial corpus of the contemporary Korean language serves an indication that Korean mirative endings have different mirativity strength and they build up the hierarchy. In the construction, mirative endings can be on the place of -ne and -eo but one with a lower degree in the hierarchy always comes first. The research exploring the meanings of mirativity in Korean endings reveals its 5 subcategories. New information, expectation, confirming or strengthening the knowledge structure of the speaker through recent experiences, surprise, or the speakers rejection of information into the knowledge structure. In Chapter 6, the summary of the thesis and minor issues are presented.1. ์„œ๋ก  1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 1.2. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1.3. ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ž๋ฃŒ 1.4. ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 2. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 2.1. ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? 2.1.1. ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ 2.1.2. ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2.1.3. ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ ํ‘œ์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ 2.2. ์ธ์ ‘ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 2.2.1. ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์‹ ์–‘ํƒœ 2.2.2. ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์„ฑ 2.2.3. ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐํƒ„ 3. ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์–ด๋ฏธ ๋ชฉ๋ก 3.1. -๊ตฌ๋‚˜๋ฅ˜ 3.1.1. -๊ตฌ๋‚˜ 3.1.2. -๊ตฐ 3.1.3. -๊ตฌ๋งŒ 3.1.4. -๊ตฌ๋‚˜๋ฅ˜ ์–ด๋ฏธ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์“ฐ์ž„: ๋ฐ˜์˜์  ๊ฒฝ์ฒญ 3.2. -๋„ค 3.3. -๋”- 3.4. -ใ„ด๊ฑธ/๋Š”๊ฑธ 3.5. -๋‹ค๋‹ˆ 3.6. -์ž–- 3.7. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 4. ์˜์™ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์–ด๋ฏธ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 4.1. ํ˜•ํƒœโ‹…ํ†ต์‚ฌ์  ํŠน์ง• 4.1.1. ๋น„ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์–ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ 4.1.2. ์œ ์‚ฌ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ ํšจ๊ณผ 4.1.3. P1-๋„ค P1์–ด ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์„ฑ 4.2. ์˜๋ฏธ์  ํŠน์ง• 4.2.1. ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ 4.2.2. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์‹คํ˜„ 4.2.3. ์žฌ์ธ์‹ 4.2.4. ๋†€๋ผ์›€ 4.2.5. ์ง€์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์˜ ํฌํ•ฉ ์œ ๋ณด 4.3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์•ฝ์–ด/์•ฝํ˜ธ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ถ€๋ก: ๋ง๋ญ‰์น˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ๋ก Maste
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