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    Semi-analytic texturing algorithm of computer-generated hologram for reconstructing texture of tooth in three dimensions

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ์„œ๊ด‘์„.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ…์Šค์ณ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค€๋ถ„์„์  ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํ…์Šค์ณ๋ง ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜(semi-analytic texturing algorithm)์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•ด์„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ(analytic hologram)์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์งˆ๊ฐ(texture pattern)์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด approximate function ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” analytic equation์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ˆ˜์‹์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ์ˆ˜์‹์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ค€๋ถ„์„์ (semi-analytic)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•ด์„์  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ(analytic calculation) ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ํ•ด์„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ์ด์ค‘ ์„ ํ˜• ๋ณด๊ฐ„๋ฒ•(numerical bilinear interpolation)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์œ„ ํด๋ฆฌ๊ณค(polygon)๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ํ…์Šค์ฒ˜(surface texture)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” spectrum์˜ matrix์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•ด์„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ texture spectrum์˜ matrix์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ free parameter๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์ž์œ ๋„(degree of freedom)๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ์น˜์•„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ผ๊ฐ๋ง(triangular mesh)์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์ž„์˜์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ texture spectrum์˜ matrix์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์› ์น˜์•„์— ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์งˆ๊ฐ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•ด์„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™€๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ํ…์Šค์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์‘์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‚ผ๊ฐ๋ง์˜ ์œค๊ณฝ์„ (outline)์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„(resolution)์˜ ์ œํ•œ ์—†์ด texture spectrum์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ํ•ด์„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3 2.1. ํ•ด์„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3 2.2. ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์งˆ๊ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 2.3. ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ถ”์ƒํ™” 9 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ค€ํ•ด์„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 10 3.1. ์ค€ํ•ด์„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์งˆ๊ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜„ 10 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 14 4.1. ํ…์Šค์ณ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์‚ผ๊ฐ๋ง 15 4.2. ์น˜์•„ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ 24 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  26 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 28 Abstract 30Maste

    Legislative Process and the Democratic Legitimacy of Law

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2011๋…„ 8์›” 30์ผ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฒ•ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์ฃผ์ตœ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ ํ•™์ˆ ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์˜๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง์ ‘๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์™€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์™„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์‹œ์ ์—์„œ, ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ช…์ œ ์œ„์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ž…๋ฒ•ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œํ•˜์— ์ž…๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ • ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด์ž ๋งฅ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญํšŒ ๋ฐ ์ž…๋ฒ• ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐ์ข… ํ†ต๊ณ„์™€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ํ›„, ๋Œ€์˜๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ์„œ ๊ตญํšŒ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ํšจ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์žฌํŒ์†Œ์˜ ํŒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž…๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ ์ œ๊ณ ์˜ ์ทจ์ง€์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ตญํšŒ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ž˜ ์˜์›๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์•ˆ์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญํšŒ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์ œ์ถœ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ •๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ์•ผ๊ณต๋™๋ฐœ์˜๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์•ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ†ต๊ณผ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž…๋ฒ• ๊ณผ์ •์— ์„œ์˜ ๊ณต์ฒญํšŒ ๊ฐœ์ตœ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๋„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ถ€์˜ ์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ถŒํ•œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์ •์ƒํ™”๋˜์–ด์˜จ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ, ์ด์ œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ถ€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—„์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์›์ œ ์˜ํšŒํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์œ„์›ํšŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ฃผ์˜์  ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋Œ€์˜๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ™์˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์›์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ถŒ์ต๊ณผ ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ„์›ํšŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ตญํšŒ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ์ž„์œ„์›ํšŒ ์†Œ์† ์œ„์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ด ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„“์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ, ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰, ์ž…๋ฒ•๋กœ๋น„์˜ ์–‘์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์›์น™์˜ ์ •๋ฆฝ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌธํ™”๋œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ, ์œ„ํ—Œ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต์  ๋…ผ์˜, ํ•œ์‹œ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ํŠน๋ณ„๋ฒ•์˜ ์ง€์–‘ ๋ฐ ์ž…๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ •๋น„ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‹œ์™€ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜์ œ์˜ ์„ค์ •์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ฌ์˜๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ์ €๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ™์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž…๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๋‹ค

    ๊ณ ์šฉํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์ œ ์šด์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ถ„์„ : ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์ „๊ณต),2008.Maste

    Foreseeability in Anglo-American Tort Law

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    Liability for consequential losses is not to be entirely open-ended, and some means to limit such liability is found in every system of law. There are a number of possible means, and the courts and the academia in the U.K. and the U.S. have experimented with several of them, in contract and tort, respectively. In the law of tort, the courts in the U.K. and the U.S. once focused on the concept of causation, and, on other occasions, regarded the matter as turning on the content of the duty itself. Eventually, a test of foreseeability was adopted and applied to solve the problem of over-extended liability for consequential losses. In the law of contract, a foreseeability test to limit liability for damages was notably established in Hadley v. Baxendale, in 1854. The Hadley rule is deemed to have affected the concept of foreseeability as a damages-limiting principle in the Japanese civil law, and also that of the Korean counterpart through the Japanese civil code. From a comparative law perspective, considering especially the respective provisions pertaining to the liability for consequential losses in contract and in tort in the Korean civil code, it is thus worth analyzing the doctrine of foreseeability in Anglo-American law established under Hadley v. Baxendale as applicable in contractual liability and possibly and arguably in tort liability. The Hadley rule was established as and has widely been regarded as part of contract law, and under the current orthodox Anglo-American law, it is generally stated that a more generous rule of remoteness applies in tort than the foreseeability rule in contract. At the same time, however, a respectable line of authority both inside and outside the court in the U.K. and the U.S. has continued to reason that all consequential claims should be subject to a single remoteness rule, whatever their basis, or that the rule with regard to remoteness of damage is precisely the same whether the damages are claimed in actions of contract or of...์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฒ•ํ•™๋ฐœ์ „์žฌ๋‹จ ์ถœ์—ฐ ๋ฒ•ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ 2008ํ•™๋…„๋„ ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Œ

    ํ‰์–‘์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ฌธํ™” : ํ‰์–‘๊ณผ ํ‰์–‘์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ถ

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    ํ‰์–‘์€ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์ด์ž ์ •์น˜์  ์ƒ์ง•๋„์‹œ๋กœ. ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ‰์–‘ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถํ•œ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‰์–‘์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‰์–‘์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ฐ ํ‰์–‘ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ํ‰์–‘์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋‚œ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰์ œ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ํƒ“์— ํ•œ๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ ์œ ์ž…๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๋“ฑ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด๋…์ด ํ‡ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์œ ์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ •๋„์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ‰์–‘์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์žฅ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ „๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•œ ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค

    Law and Practice Concerning Oral Argument in The Federal Civil Procedure of the United States

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    The Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Korea has adopted the element of oral argument as the principal means of conducting civil proceedings while simultaneously requiring the submission of written documents in various phases and procedures. Until recently, such orality has not been implemented as stated in the Code, in the actual practice. With the revision of the Code in 2002, however, as the revised Code has adopted the mechanisms assuring further readiness of the parties prior to the court dates and enabling material arguments and findings over the legal positions of the parties and the facts and evidence of the case, oral argument has become an essential tool for conducting the civil litigation in all applicable proceedings. This change has invited a new round of discussions and debates both within and outside the South Korean legal profession on the strengthened orality in the civil proceedings. The split of positions largely between its redundancy repeating the previously stated facts and arguments and its actual and symbolic legitimacy-enhancing role calls for a further assessment of the functions of the oral element in the civil procedure and the larger purpose it may attain in the nation's justice administration as a whole. As a part of such effort, from the comparative perspective, this article analyzes the characteristics of the orality in the civil procedure in the United States, focusing on the relevant legal provisions and the actual practices mainly as applicable to the federal civil trial under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The characteristics of the federal civil procedure of the United States from the orality perspective include, first, a wide scope of discretion on the part of the...์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฒ•ํ•™๋ฐœ์ „์žฌ๋‹จ ์ถœ์—ฐ ๋ฒ•ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ 2006ํ•™๋…„๋„ ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Œ

    ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฒฉ์‹œํ—˜

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฒ•ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์„ผํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Œ

    The Case Management System Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in the United States: Insights and Suggestions for the Republic of Korea

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    With the revision in 2002, as the revised Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Korea has adopted the mechanisms assuring further readiness of the parties prior to the court dates and enabling material arguments and findings over the legal positions of the parties and the facts and evidence of the case, oral argument has become an essential tool for conducting the civil litigation in all applicable proceedings. This change has invited a new round of discussions and debates within and outside the legal profession of Korea upon this strengthened orality in the civil proceedings. The split of positions largely between its redundancy repeating the previously stated facts and arguments and its actual and symbolic legitimacy-enhancing role calls for a further assessment of the functions of the oral element in the civil procedure and the larger purpose it may attain in the nations justice administration as a whole. As a part of such effort, from the comparative perspective, thรฌs article analyzes the case management system in the civil procedure in the United States under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, from the observation that a well-administered case management system is critical for the relatively strengthened orality in civil proceedings in general and also particularly at the trial stage. The meaning and the weight provided for the oral element under the law and in the actual practice of civil procedure in a specific nation may differ, depending upon the unique understanding shared within that particular nation with respect to what is crucial for the legitimacy of the justice adminstration and for the trust of the public therein. The insight and the lesson we may draw from the U. S. experience in this regard may perhaps lie in the way they systemized the case management especially at the pretrial stage as the infrastructure for actual administration of oral elements in court proceedings, as well as their pragmatic effort to balance the oral and the written elements in the civil proceedings pursuant to various resources that are indispensable for a successful administration of the oral argument. The specific design of a system concerning the respective weights of the oral element and the written element for advancing the argument and conducing the litigation concerns the question of efficiency that should be judged in terms of the various conditions that a particular society faces, such as the workload of the court, the number of the attorneys, and the resources and infrastructure available for the judicial institutions including those for the production and maintenance of the court rฮตcord for each phase of the proceedings. At the same time, ultimately, such a design of a system has to do with the question of how faimess and justice is perceived and appreciated by the public in terms of the public trust in the litigation procedures and the justice administration, thus how the legitimacy of the procedures๏ผŒ substance and outcome of the litigation may be attained and promoted

    Retroactivity of a Judicial Decision and Prospective Overruling in the United States: An Analysis from the Constitutional Law Perspective : From Retroactivity to Sunburst (1932)

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    The law and the courts of the United States, from the declaratory nature of a judicial decision in light of its representative democracy and separation of powers structure embodied in the Constitution, derived the doctrine that the judicial decision had retrospective effect. However, ample challenges were made on the constitutional law grounds that it was not assumed that retroactive application of a judicial decision was constitutionally permissible. Through Sunburst (1932) and several other decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court introduced the concept and the judicial technique of prospective overruling, and established the Linkletter-Stovall Doctrine in the 1960s that permitted the individual court to decide whether or not to limit the retroactivity of its decision overruling a previous decision through balancing on the case-by-case basis. Subsequently, the U.S. Supreme Court retreated from such limitations on the retroativity, and sought to resolve the issues pertaining to the retroactive application of a judicial decision and the limits thereon by and under a more general principle. Through Griffith (1987), Teague (1989) and Danforth (2007), the U.S. Supreme Court has returned to the retroactive application of a judical decision as the general rule except in the habeas corpus cases, while permitting certain limitations thereon as exceptions as demanded by the request for finality and for the protection of justifiable reliance on the preexisting law.๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ฒ• ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ๋Œ€์˜์ œ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๋ถ„๋ฆฝ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ๋ฅผ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, 1932๋…„ ๋ฏธ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ SunburstํŒ๊ฒฐ ์ดํ›„ 1960๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ํŒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 1980๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฒ•์›์ด ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ•œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์œ„ Linkletter-Stovall Doctrine ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์žฅ๋ž˜ํšจ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ(prospective overruling)์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์‚ฌ์•ˆ๋ณ„ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ง€์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์›๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด, ๋ฏธ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ 1987๋…„์˜ Griffith ํŒ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1989๋…„์˜ TeagueํŒ๊ฒฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2007๋…„์˜ DanforthํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ์‹ ๋ณดํ˜ธ(habeas corpus)์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ๋ฅผ ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์†Œ๊ธ‰์  ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์†Œ๊ธ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ •์„ฑ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ฒ•์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ฆฝ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ โ€ค์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ œํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ์Ÿ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์žฌํŒ์†Œ์˜ ์œ„ํ—Œ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ฒ•์ƒ ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๊ธ‰์  ์ ์šฉ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ์˜ ์ œํ•œ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๋ž˜ํšจ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ธ์ • ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์–ด์˜จ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๋ฒ•์  ๋…ผ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ์Ÿ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์žฌํŒ์†Œ์˜ ์œ„ํ—Œ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ ๋…ผ์˜์— ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ์„œ, ์œ„ํ—Œ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์—์„œ ์ธ์ •ํ• ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ตฌ์ œ์˜ ์›์น™์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์˜ ์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์œ„ํ—Œ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ฐ€ ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ œํ•˜์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ง€์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ ๊ด€๋…๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๋ถ„๋ฆฝ๊ตฌ๋„์— ์ „์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ธ‰ํšจ ์ œํ•œ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ฆฝํ•ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ฒ•์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํŒ๋ก€๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์ด์ „์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์  ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฒ•ํ•™๋ฐœ์ „์žฌ๋‹จ ์ถœ์—ฐ ๋ฒ•ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ 2013ํ•™๋…„๋„ ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Œ

    Protection of the Minority under the Constitution of Representative Democracy

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    Democracy operates by the majority rule. The majority rule, however, may not and should not be justified as such when it fails to protect rights of the minorities equally to those protected for the majority. A member of the community does not lose her or his dignity as a human being or shed the status as the holder of the constitutionally guaranteed rights just because she or he does not belong to a majority under a peculiar standard at a particular moment. It is a necessary and sufficient condition for the sustenance of any democracy that the government is obligated to guarantee the rights for all individuals including minorities. As discrimination against minorities lies at the core of the issues pertaining to the constitutional protection of minorities and their rights, how to construct the constitutional mechanism to interpret and apply the Constitutions equal protection mandate in the context of constitutional adjudication over the statute promulgated by the national legislature becomes an essential question to be posed and answered. This challenge is deduced in a representative democracy to the questions of how much of legislative formative power is constitutionally vested to the national legislature and how much the Constitutional Court should defer thereto in reviewing the constitutionality of the legislation, in terms of democratic legitimacy of its function of constitutionality review over the statute. Any particular standard of review to be adopted by the Constitutional Court for equal constitutional protection of minority rights should be coherent and consistent to the fulcrum in this larger context.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฒ•ํ•™๋ฐœ์ „์žฌ๋‹จ ์ถœ์—ฐ ๋ฒ•ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ 2007ํ•™๋…„๋„ ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Œ
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