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    A Study on the Insulation Diagnosis of Vacuum Interrupter by the analysis of Partial Discharge

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    Personal injuries and property damages are significantly being increased due to electrical accidents related to vacuum circuit breakers (VCB) in switchgear. Therefore, researches on a diagnostic technique for vacuum interrupters (VI) which is a core part of the VCB and quenching an arc generated during opening and closing has been actively conducted both domestic and abroad. In order to the insulation performance of the VI in the open state, partial discharge (PD) signals of each defect according to the applied voltage were measured using the KS C IEC 60270 method. The main defects that weaken the dielectric strength of the VI were classified into three types: leakage of vacuum, incomplete opening of the contact, and damage to the contact surface. The measurement system consists of a maximum voltage 50 ใŽธ mold transformer, a 10,000: 1 voltage divider, an oscilloscope, and an MPD 600. A VI for the rated voltage 25.8 ใŽธ and an electrode system made of internal contacts from the same VI were used in th experiment. A 50ฮฉ non-inductive resistance (Oscilloscope) and an 1ใŽ‹ coupling capacitor (MPD 600) were used to detect PD signal. The phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) method was used to analyze the PD characteristics such as discharge inception voltage (DIV), apparent discharge (), the number of pulses (), phase distribution (), and polarity ratio. Based on the PD characteristics of the open stated normal VI, the changes of the PD characteristics for each defect were analyzed and the effects of each defect on the deterioration of dielectric strength were derived. Through the diagnostic methods and techniques proposed in this paper, it is possible to diagnose insulation of the VI in an open state in operation. Accordingly, it is expected that the safety of the VCB, which is most often used in the switchgear of high-voltage customers, can be secured to improve the reliability of power facilities.์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด ์ง„๊ณต ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธ๋ช…ํ”ผํ•ด์™€ ์žฌ์‚ฐํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ง„๊ณต ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐœํ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต ์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ (Diagnostic technique) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญยท๋‚ด์™ธ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต ์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฑด์ „์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด KS C IEC 60270 ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต ์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋‚ด๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์ง„๊ณต๋ˆ„์„ค ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ ์˜ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ, ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์†์ƒ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• 50ใŽธ ๋ชฐ๋“œ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ, 10,000:1 ๋ถ„์••๊ธฐ, ์˜ค์‹ค๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„ ๋ฐ MPD 600 ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์—๋Š” ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „์•• 25.8ใŽธ ์ง„๊ณต ์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ์™€ ๋™์ผ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ๊ฒ€์ถœ์—๋Š” 50โ„ฆ ๋น„์œ ๋„์„ฑ์ €ํ•ญ(Oscilloscope)๊ณผ 1ใŽ‹ ์ปคํ”Œ๋ง ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ(MPD 600)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์ „๊ฐœ์‹œ์ „์••(DIV), ๋ฐฉ์ „์ „ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰(), ํŽ„์Šค๊ฐœ์ˆ˜(), ์œ„์ƒ๋ถ„ํฌ() ๋ฐ ๊ทน์„ฑ๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ PRPD(Phase-resolved partial discharge) ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ ์ง„๊ณต ์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฒฐํ•จ ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ๊ฒ€์ถœํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ง„๊ณต ์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์•• ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด ๋ก  4 2.1 ์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ 4 2.2 ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ 11 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 18 3.1 ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ 18 3.2 ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ์ธก์ • 23 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 25 4.1 ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ 25 4.2 ๊ฒฐํ•จ๋ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ 29 4.3 ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 50 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  55 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 57Maste

    รœber die Strafzumessungspraxis beim Ausspruch einer Zusatzstrafe

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