11 research outputs found
๊ณ ์ถ์ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์ฑ ์ธํฌ ์ฌ๋ฉธ์ ์ ๋ํ๋ ๊ฐ์์ญ๋ณ๊ท ์ core effector ๋ถ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋์
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์๋ฌผ์์ฐ๊ณผํ๋ถ, 2015. 2. ์ต๋์ผ.๋น๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์ ํญ์ฑ์ ํ ์๋ฌผ์ข
์ด ํ ์ข
์ ๋ณ์์ฒด์ ๋ํด ๊ฐ๋ ์ ํญ์ฑ์ ํํ๋ก, ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ์๋ฌผ์ข
์ด ๊ฐ๋ ์ง์์ ์ธ ์ ํญ์ฑ ํํ์ด๋ค. ๋น๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์ ํญ์ฑ์ด ์ฑ๋ฆฝ๋๋ ์์๋ ๋ค์ํ์ง๋ง, ํนํ ๋ณ์์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ถ๋นํ๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์๋ฌผ์ ์ ํญ์ฑ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์ธ์งํ์ฌ ๋ํ๋๋ ์๋ฌผ์ ๋ฉด์ญ๋ฐ์์ด ๋๋๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช
ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด, 3๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ถ ์ ์ ์์๊ณผ 57๊ฐ ๊ฐ์์ญ๋ณ๊ท ๋ถ๋น๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํ์๋ค. ์ฌ์กฐํฉ๋ PVX ๋น๋ฆฌ์จ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ถ๋น๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๊ณ ์ถ ์ ์ ์์์ ๋ฐํ์ํจ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ถ ์ ์ ์์์์ ๋ค์ํ๊ฒ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์ฑ ์ธํฌ ์ฌ๋ฉธ์ด ๋ํ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์๋ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ ๋๋ก ๊ณ ์ถ ์ ์ ์์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์์ญ๋ณ๊ท ์ ๋ถ๋น ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์ฌ์ด์์ ๋ค์ํ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก, ๊ณ ์ถ ์ ์ ์์ ์ค CM334 ํ์ข
์์ ์ ์ ์ฒด ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ์์ธก๋ ์ ํญ์ฑ ์ ์ ์์ ํ๋ณด effector๋ฅผ ํจ๊ป ๋ฐํํ์ฌ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์ฑ ์ธํฌ ์ฌ๋ฉธ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ์๋ค. ๋ํ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์ฑ ์ธํฌ ์ฌ๋ฉธ์ ๋ณด์ด๋ ๊ณ ์ถ ์ ์ ์์๊ณผ ๋ณด์ด์ง ์๋ ์ ์ ์์์ ๊ต๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํตํด F2 ์ง๋จ์ ๋ง๋ค์ด, ํ๋ณด ๋ถ๋น ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋ฐํ์์ผฐ๋ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ๋ณด ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ค์ํ ๋ถ๋ฆฌ๋น๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค. ์ด๋ ๊ณ ์ถ ์ ์ ์์์์ ๋ํ๋๋ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์ฑ ์ธํฌ ์ฌ๋ฉธ์ด 1๊ฐ ์ด์์ ์์์ ์ํด ์กฐ์ ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ ์๊ฐ๋๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ณ ์ถ ์ ์ ์์์ ์ ํญ์ฑ ์ ์ ์์ ๊ฐ์์ญ๋ณ๊ท effector ๊ฐ์ ์ํธ์์ฉ์ด ๋น๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์ ํญ์ฑ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ค๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ๊ฒ์ ์์๋ฅผ ๋๋ค.Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a durable form of resistance in a plant species against all isolates of a pathogen species. Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) induced by the interaction between plant resistance genes and pathogen effectors is suggested as one of components to establish NHR. We inoculated 57 recombinant PVX virions harboring core effectors of Phytophthora infestans on pepper accessions (Capsicum annuum L.). Each pepper accession showed a diverse hypersensitive cell death. This result confirmed multiple interactions between pepper and P. infestans effectors. Among 57 core effectors, 7 effectors which induced the clear hypersensitive cell death in C. annuum cv. CM334 were selected for further study and agro-infiltrated with resistance gene analogs (RGAs) to test the relationship to ETI, but not in pepper. Four effectors that showed defense response like cell death in only ECW-30R, not CM334, were chosen for an inheritance study for the genetic basis of the effector-induced cell death. Segregation ratios of F2 population from a cross between CM334 and ECW-30R were 3 : 1 and 9 : 7, indicating multiple host factors are underpin the HR response in pepper plants. This study could provide the starting points for isolation of the nonhost resistance gene of pepper against P. infestans.INTRODUCTION 1
LITERATURE REVIEWS 5
Nonhost resistance 5
Resistance gene 6
P. infestans core effectors 7
MATERIALS AND METHODS 9
Plant materials and growth conditions 9
Core effectors of P. infestans 9
Cloning of resistance-gene analogs 12
Inoculation of pepper leaves with recombinant PVX virions 13
Agro-coinfilration using RGAs and candidate effectors 13
RESULTS 15
Pepper accessions respond to a diversity of P. infestans core effectors 15
Screening for the interaction of RGAs of C. annuum cv. CM334 with P. infestans candidate core effectors 19
Multiple loci determine response of pepper to P. infestans core effectors 23
DISCUSSION 26
LITERATURE CITED 30
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 35Maste
์๋น์คํ์ง ์ธก์ ์ ํตํ ์ธํฐ๋ท ์ผํ๋ชฐ์ ์ค๊ณ์์ ๊ฐ์ ์ฐ์ ์์ ๊ฒฐ์
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ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) --์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :ํ๋๊ณผ์ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฒฝ์ยท๊ฒฝ์ ยท์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ณต,2008.8.Maste
์ง์ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋ค์ ํ๋ณต์์ค์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ๋์ํ๊ฒฝํน์ฑ์ ๋ํ ์ค์ฆ๋ถ์: ์์ธ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก The Influence of Urban Environment on the Happiness Level of the Residents: Focused on 25 Boroughs(gu) in Seoul Planning and Management Team, Cheongju Urban Regeneration Supporters ์ ์ฝ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์์ธ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ธ์ ํ๋ณต
Abstract The purpose of this research is to suggest directions for urban planning and policies for the creation of a happy urban environment. To achieve this objective, this study extracted the urban environment characteristic elements that were expected to affect the levels of individual happiness and empirically analyzed the factors that affect the happiness levels of people. To determine the elements of the urban environment, this research analyzed the variables, urban environment characteristics, such as physical environment, natural environment, social environment, and individual characteristics. Regarding the physical environment of the city, a lower population density and a higher level of walking environment satisfaction showed a high level of individual happiness. In terms of the natural environment of the city, more spacious park areas and higher green area satisfaction showed a high level of individual happiness. Finally, regarding the social environment of the city, social trust was found to affect the happiness levels