11 research outputs found

    ๊ณ ์ถ”์— ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž์—ญ๋ณ‘๊ท ์˜ core effector ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋™์ •

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‹๋ฌผ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2015. 2. ์ตœ๋„์ผ.๋น„๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์€ ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ข…์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, 3๊ฐœ ๊ณ ์ถ” ์œ ์ „์ž์›๊ณผ 57๊ฐœ ๊ฐ์ž์—ญ๋ณ‘๊ท  ๋ถ„๋น„๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ๋œ PVX ๋น„๋ฆฌ์˜จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋น„๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ณ ์ถ” ์œ ์ „์ž์›์— ๋ฐœํ˜„์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์ถ” ์œ ์ „์ž์›์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ ์ถ” ์œ ์ „์ž์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ž์—ญ๋ณ‘๊ท ์˜ ๋ถ„๋น„ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณ ์ถ” ์œ ์ „์ž์› ์ค‘ CM334 ํ’ˆ์ข…์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธก๋œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ํ›„๋ณด effector๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ์ถ” ์œ ์ „์ž์›๊ณผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์›์„ ๊ต๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด F2 ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด, ํ›„๋ณด ๋ถ„๋น„ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ›„๋ณด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ์ถ” ์œ ์ „์ž์›์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์ด 1๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์š”์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ถ” ์œ ์ „์ž์›์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๊ฐ์ž์—ญ๋ณ‘๊ท  effector ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋น„๊ธฐ์ฃผ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๋‘”๋‹ค.Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a durable form of resistance in a plant species against all isolates of a pathogen species. Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) induced by the interaction between plant resistance genes and pathogen effectors is suggested as one of components to establish NHR. We inoculated 57 recombinant PVX virions harboring core effectors of Phytophthora infestans on pepper accessions (Capsicum annuum L.). Each pepper accession showed a diverse hypersensitive cell death. This result confirmed multiple interactions between pepper and P. infestans effectors. Among 57 core effectors, 7 effectors which induced the clear hypersensitive cell death in C. annuum cv. CM334 were selected for further study and agro-infiltrated with resistance gene analogs (RGAs) to test the relationship to ETI, but not in pepper. Four effectors that showed defense response like cell death in only ECW-30R, not CM334, were chosen for an inheritance study for the genetic basis of the effector-induced cell death. Segregation ratios of F2 population from a cross between CM334 and ECW-30R were 3 : 1 and 9 : 7, indicating multiple host factors are underpin the HR response in pepper plants. This study could provide the starting points for isolation of the nonhost resistance gene of pepper against P. infestans.INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEWS 5 Nonhost resistance 5 Resistance gene 6 P. infestans core effectors 7 MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 Plant materials and growth conditions 9 Core effectors of P. infestans 9 Cloning of resistance-gene analogs 12 Inoculation of pepper leaves with recombinant PVX virions 13 Agro-coinfilration using RGAs and candidate effectors 13 RESULTS 15 Pepper accessions respond to a diversity of P. infestans core effectors 15 Screening for the interaction of RGAs of C. annuum cv. CM334 with P. infestans candidate core effectors 19 Multiple loci determine response of pepper to P. infestans core effectors 23 DISCUSSION 26 LITERATURE CITED 30 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 35Maste

    ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์š”์†Œ ๊ฐœ์„  ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๊ฒฐ์ •

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฝ์˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œยท์ •์ฑ…์ „๊ณต,2008.8.Maste

    ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œํ™˜๊ฒฝํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„: ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ The Influence of Urban Environment on the Happiness Level of the Residents: Focused on 25 Boroughs(gu) in Seoul Planning and Management Team, Cheongju Urban Regeneration Supporters ์š” ์•ฝ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต

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    Abstract The purpose of this research is to suggest directions for urban planning and policies for the creation of a happy urban environment. To achieve this objective, this study extracted the urban environment characteristic elements that were expected to affect the levels of individual happiness and empirically analyzed the factors that affect the happiness levels of people. To determine the elements of the urban environment, this research analyzed the variables, urban environment characteristics, such as physical environment, natural environment, social environment, and individual characteristics. Regarding the physical environment of the city, a lower population density and a higher level of walking environment satisfaction showed a high level of individual happiness. In terms of the natural environment of the city, more spacious park areas and higher green area satisfaction showed a high level of individual happiness. Finally, regarding the social environment of the city, social trust was found to affect the happiness levels
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