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    ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์šด์†ก ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผ DME ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ 3์ฐจ์› ์œ„์น˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2013. 2. ๊ธฐ์ฐฝ๋ˆ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์„ฑํ•ญ๋ฒ•์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Global Navigation Satellite System)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์šด์†ก๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒด ํ•ญ๋ฒ•(Alternate Positioning Navigation and Timing)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ญ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฏธ์—ฐ๋ฐฉํ•ญ๊ณต์ฒญ(FAA)๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” NextGen์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต์šดํ•ญ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋‚ด์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ญ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. DME(Distance Measuring Equipment)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ DMPR(DME Passive Ranging)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ„์น˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— 2๊ฐœ ํ˜น์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” MOSAIC/DME์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ DME์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜์‚ฌ์œ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ MOSAIC์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์—ฐ์†์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์—์„œ ํด๋Ÿญ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ 3์ฐจ์› ์œ„์น˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ ธ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฐ€์šฉ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋„“์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ DME์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ DME์™€์˜ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์—์„œ ์œ„์น˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ„์น˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. MOSAIC/DME ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ธก์ •์น˜๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐ˜์†กํŒŒ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์†กํŒŒ ์œ„์ƒ ์ธก์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒŒ์žฅ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ํ•ญ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ํ•ญ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด MOSAIC๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ MOSAIC๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ฐ˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ ์ด๋‚ด์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ผ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด์ƒ ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ํ™•์žฅ๋œ MOSAIC ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ™•์žฅ๋œ MOSAIC๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด MOSAIC/DME์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ CDGPS(Carrier-phase Differential GPS)์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ LSAST(Least Square Ambiguity Search Technique)๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋งค ์‹œ์ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์ค‘์ตœ์†Œ์ž์Šน๋ฒ•(Weighted Least Square Solution) ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์€ LSAST์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” Residual Threshold Test์™€ Ratio Test๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— MOSAIC/DME์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ–‰๋ ฌ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ ํ™•์ธ, ์ˆ˜๋ ด์„ฑ ํ™•์ธ, ๊ณ ๋„์ œํ•œ, AHRS(Attitude Heading Reference System)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™•์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. MOSAIC/DME์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชฌํ…Œ ์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ญ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ 20์ดˆ ๋‚ด์— ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 1๋ถ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ’€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” MOSAIC/DME์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋จผ์ € ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์ค‘ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์‹ค์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ฐœ์„ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ, ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ, ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ํƒ€์ž…, ๋ฌด๊ฒฐ์„ฑ, ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜, ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.Next Generation Air Transport System (NextGen) is a program ready for the future aircraft traffic developed by US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Alternate Positioning Navigation and Timing (APNT), a part of NextGen, is a developing solution for the continuity and safety of air services when Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is unavailable. As a solution for APNT, there are candidates being researched. Some of them utilize the Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) which is a conventional terrestrial system at the present time. DME Passive Ranging (DMPR) using pseudolite-like signals is one of them, which is the most actively researched. DMPR is, however, at least two or three stations are required for the positioning, and time synchronization between stations are essential because of one-way continuous signals. Nowadays, additional research and costs for time-sync are considered. MOSAIC/DME system presented in this paper is a single station based 3D positioning system. Additional multiple pseudolite-like MOSAIC antennas broadcasting one-way continuous signal are installed together with conventional DME. This one station based system makes it possible for time synchronization between signals because all signal generators can share the clock source. And it is also possible for 3D positioning using only one station to extend the usable coverage. As DME antenna itself operates without any change with current system, compatibility is proved. And two types of signals, one-way and two-way, are both used, so it is expected that aircraft traffic capacity also can be improved. Positioning from one spot has generally bad geometrical feature, or bad Dilution of Precision, expecting that navigation performance is low. To cover this problem, MOSAIC/DME system uses the measurement of carrier phase whose noise is mm-level. But using carrier phase cause the problem of integer cycle ambiguity, the measurement has unknown integer-term multiplied by wavelength. To solve ambiguity problem, a concept named MOSAIC is utilized. Standard MOSAIC concept is generally applied to solve the ambiguity problem directly when the antenna separation is smaller than half of the wavelength. But it is expected that larger antenna separation is required for aircraft application. Therefore, extended MOSAIC concept, whose cycle ambiguities are geometrically bounded, is used for easy ambiguity resolution. Positioning algorithm is based on Least Square Ambiguity Search Technique (LSAST), and gets its position using Weighted Least Square Solution every epoch. Ambiguity resolution methods include not only residual threshold test and ratio of LSAST but matrix singularity check, convergence check, altitude bound, and AHRS test which utilize the special features of MOSAIC/DME system. Monte-Carlo simulation, generating measurements, are executed for the verification of accuracy properties and ambiguity resolution of MOSAIC/DME system. Simulations results show that the accuracy performance of MOSAIC/DME satisfies the requirement of APNT. And most of ambiguity problems are solved within 20 seconds, and ambiguities of all simulation cases are solved in a minute. This paper presented the conceptual outline of MOSAIC/DME system, and accuracy properties and ambiguity resolution are studied in priority. For the future research, ambiguity resolution improvement, simulation with various error sources, capacity study, signal analysis, message structure, and integrity for the safety of air services are considered for the implementation of this system.I. INTRODUCTION ๏ผ‘ 1. Motivation and Purpose 1 2. Literature Survey ๏ผ“ 3. Outline ๏ผ• 4. Contributions ๏ผ– II. APNT AND TERRESTRIAL NAVIGATION ๏ผ— 1. APNT Requirement ๏ผ— 2. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) ๏ผ™ 3. VOR/DME system ๏ผ‘๏ผ‘ III. MOSAIC/DME SYSTEM ๏ผ‘๏ผ“ 1. MOSAIC Concept ๏ผ‘๏ผ“ 1) Standard MOSAIC Concept ๏ผ‘๏ผ“ 2) Extended MOSAIC Concept ๏ผ‘๏ผ– 2. MOSAIC/DME SYSTEM ๏ผ‘๏ผ˜ 1) Geometrical Analysis ๏ผ‘๏ผ˜ 2) System Configuration ๏ผ’๏ผ“ 3) System Performance ๏ผ’๏ผ” 3. Positioning Algorithm for MOSAIC/DME ๏ผ’๏ผ• 1) Weighted Least Squares (WLS) Solution ๏ผ’๏ผ• 2) Least Square Ambiguity Search Technique (LSAST) ๏ผ’๏ผ˜ IV. AMBIGUITY RESOULTION METHOD ๏ผ“๏ผ‘ 1. Residual Threshold Test ๏ผ“๏ผ‘ 2. Ratio Test ๏ผ“๏ผ“ 3. Singularity Check ๏ผ“๏ผ– 4. Convergence Check ๏ผ“๏ผ— 5. Altitude Bound ๏ผ“๏ผ— 6. AHRS Test ๏ผ“๏ผ˜ V. SIMULATION RESULTS ๏ผ”๏ผ‘ 1. Simulation Settings ๏ผ”๏ผ‘ 1) Antenna Array ๏ผ”๏ผ‘ 2) Signals ๏ผ”๏ผ’ 3) Measurements ๏ผ”๏ผ’ 2. Accuracy Properties ๏ผ”๏ผ“ 1) Range and Accuracy ๏ผ”๏ผ” 2) Antenna Separation and Accuracy ๏ผ”๏ผ– 3) Relative Position and Accuracy ๏ผ”๏ผ˜ 4) Class B APNT Requirement ๏ผ•๏ผ 3. Simulation of Ambiguity Resolution ๏ผ•๏ผ’ 1) Simulation Settings for Ambiguity Resolution ๏ผ•๏ผ’ 2) Ambiguity Resolution without AHRS Test ๏ผ•๏ผ• 3) Ambiguity Resolution with AHRS Test ๏ผ•๏ผ— VI. CONCLUSION ๏ผ–๏ผ 1. Summary ๏ผ–๏ผ 2. Suggestions for Future Work ๏ผ–๏ผ‘Maste

    ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2018. 8. ๊ธฐ์ฐฝ๋ˆ.๋‹จ์ผ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์œ„์„ฑํ•ญ๋ฒ•์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ญ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฑ์—…์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ DME(Distance Measuring Equipment)์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์—ฐ์†์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์œ„์„ฑ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ Mosaic/DME์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Mosaic/DME ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํŠน์ง•์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ๋™๊ธฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ ๋„์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ์œ„์น˜๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Mosaic/DME์˜ DME๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด DME์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ํ˜ธํ™˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ DME ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Mosaic/DME ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์—์„œ ์œ„์น˜๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์œ„์น˜์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. Mosaic/DME ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜์†กํŒŒ ์œ„์ƒ ์ธก์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์†กํŒŒ ์œ„์ƒ์—๋Š” ํŒŒ์žฅ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ํ•ญ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์œ„์น˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” Mosaic๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ธก์ •์น˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Mosaic/DME์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์œ„์„ฑ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์น˜์ •ํ™•๋„์™€ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ(Ambiguity Net) ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ์ธก์ •์น˜ ๊ถค์ ์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ์ ์„ ํ”ฝ์…€ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜์ •ํ™•๋„ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„์น˜์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€์ ์˜ DOP(Dilution Of Precision)๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋„๋ก ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์œ„์น˜์ •ํ™•๋„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์œ„์น˜์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜, ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค๊ณผ ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. DOP ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์น˜์ •ํ™•๋„์™€ ๋ฏธ์ง€์ •์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต/๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation and Purpose 1 1.2 Literature Survey 4 1.3 Outline of the Dissertation 7 1.4 Contributions 9 Chapter 2. Background 10 2.1 Alternate Positioning Navigation and Timing (APNT) 10 2.1.1. NextGen and APNT 10 2.1.2. APNT Requirements (Navigation Accuracy) 12 2.2 Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) 13 2.3 VOR/DME system 14 2.4 Multilateration (MLAT) 17 Chapter 3. A Single Station-based Positioning System (Mosaic/DME System) 19 3.1 Mosaic Concept 19 3.2 Mosaic/DME System 22 3.2.1. System Configuration 22 3.2.2. Positioning Algorithm 25 3.2.3. Potential Solutions 28 3.2.4. Special Features 30 3.3 Positioning Accuracy Analysis 31 3.3.1. Measurement Error 32 3.3.2. Weighted DOP 34 3.3.3. Accuracy Simulation 39 3.4 Ambiguity Resolution 43 3.4.1. Features of Cycle Ambiguity 43 3.4.2. Strategy of Ambiguity Resolution 44 Chapter 4. Multi-Antenna Arrangement Method for 2D Environment 47 4.1 Area of Interest (AOI) 48 4.2 Antenna Arrangement for Positioning Accuracy 49 4.3 Antenna Arrangement for Ambiguity Resolution 54 4.3.1. Ambiguity Net Image 54 4.3.2. Pixel Bound Analysis 61 4.3.3. Ambiguity Net Technique 65 4.3.4. Tendency Simulation 71 4.4 Antenna Arrangement considering Positioning Accuracy and Cycle Ambiguity Resolution Performance 73 4.4.1. Antenna Arrangement Method 73 4.4.2. Robust Antenna Arrangement to Antenna Position Error 77 4.4.3. Bound Size Analysis for Ambiguity Net Technique 80 Chapter 5. Strategy of Multi-Antenna Arrangement 83 5.1 Strategy Background 83 5.2 Antenna Arrangement Strategy 85 5.3 Simulation Results for 2-D environment 91 5.3.1. AOI: ยฑ30ยฐ bound 92 5.3.2. AOI: ยฑ60ยฐ bound 97 5.3.3. AOI: all area (-180ยฐ ~ 180ยฐ) 101 Chapter 6. Multi-Antenna Arrangement for 3D Environment 106 6.1 Area of Interest (AOI) 107 6.2 Antenna Arrangement for Positioning Accuracy 108 6.3 Antenna Arrangement for Ambiguity Resolution 108 6.4 Simulation Results 115 6.4.1. Simulation Settings 115 6.4.2. Ambiguity Resolution Results 120 6.4.3. Positioning Accuracy Results 125 Chapter 7. Conclusions 128 7.1 Conclusions 128 7.2 Suggestions for Future Work 129 Chapter 8. Reference 131 Appendix A: Analysis about Linear Assumption of Hyperbolic Asymptotes 136 Appendix B: Probabilistic Analysis of Zero-ANCP 141Docto

    Development of GPS/Galileo Integrated Receiver Technology for LEO

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ €๊ถค๋„ ์œ„์„ฑ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ GPS/Galileo ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, GPS/Galileo ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์™€ OD(Onboard Determinator), OOP(Onboard Orbit Propagator)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ถค๋„ ์œ„์„ฑ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์œ„์„ฑ์˜ ์žฆ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋†’์€ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์‹  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” GPS L1/L2C/L5, Galileo E1B/E5a๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. OD, OOP๋Š” GNSS ๋™์—ญํ•™ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ถค๋„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ •์ƒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Š” MATLAB ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ H/W ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ๋‹ค.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/104/0000003405/19SEQ:19PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:104USER_ID:0000003405ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A000360DEPT_CD:446CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:2012KGS_paper_๊น€์ข…์›.pdfDEPT_NM:๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]:
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