13 research outputs found

    ํƒˆ์‹๋ฏผ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์ดํ•ด - ๋น„๊ต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ

    Get PDF
    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์ž์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งฅ๋ฃจํ•œ์ด ์ผ์ฐ์ด ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ œ 3์˜ ๋งค์ฒด๏ผŒ์ฆ‰ ์ „์ž๋งค์ฒด๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋„ ์ „๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค(์„œ์šฐ์„ 1991). ์˜ํ™”, ๋น„๋””์˜ค๏ผŒ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํšŒ์˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ฐจ์›์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ผ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค(๋ณด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•ผ๋ฅด 1991[1970J; Bruner 1989;Feld 1988). ์ „์ž์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ •๋ณดํ™”๋œ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋“ค์˜ฌ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋– ๋Œ์ด๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ €๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšก๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋งค์ฒด๏ผŒ๋ฌด์—ญ๏ผŒ์—ฌํ–‰ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•ด์ง„ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์ ‘์ด‰๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ •๋ณด์ฑ„์ง‘์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง์˜ ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์ฝ”์Šค๋ชจํด๋ฆฌํƒ„์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ํ†ต์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ๏ผŒํŠนํžˆ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ณ ์œ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ด์ฒด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ก ์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”์šฑ์ด ํ˜„์ง€์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ณ ์œ ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „ํ†ต๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋’ค์„ž์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธํ™”์ด๋ก  ์ฐฝ์ถœ์—์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ”์Šค๋ชจํด๋ฆฌํƒ„ ๋ฌธํ™”ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค

    Reviews of the Gift Theory and an Ethic of Gift-Giving

    No full text
    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2003๋…„ 6์›” 10์ผ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ตœํ•œ ์ œ2์ฐจ ๋น„๊ต๋ฌธํ•™ ์‹ฌํฌ์ง€์—„ ๋ฌธํ•™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ์„ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ: ๋ชจ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊นŒ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ฆ์—ฌ๋ก ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์„ ๋ฌผ๊ตํ™˜์ด ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฆ์—ฌ๋ก ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ด€์Šต์„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šค์˜ ใ€Ž์ฆ์—ฌ๋ก ใ€์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ฆ์—ฌ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ผฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ฆ์—ฌ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•จ(generosity)์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ฆ์—ฌ์˜ ์„ ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์ฒด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ์ดํ•ดํƒ€์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์—์„œ ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™, ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™, ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™ ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„ ํ—˜์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์„ฑ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ์„œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํƒ€์ž์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ฒด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์ฆ์—ฌ๋ก ์˜ ๊ณ„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ์—ฌ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹œ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. Since Marcel Mauss' The Gift first appeared in 1925, gifts and gift exchange have been frequent topics of inquiry in the field of anthropology, and, since the 1980s, have emerged as a central issue in the wide range of divergent fields including economics, history, philosophy, literature, and art criticism This wide discourse on gifts can be traced to two important developments. The first is the appearance of the ethics of generosity in gifts and gifts exchange. This tendency emerged in the fundamental criticism against utilitarianism and self-interested social relationship in modern capitalist society. The second is the current discussions of Derridian deconstruction which claim the aporia of the gift and its impossibility to exchange. In this paper, I discuss only the first tendency of the gift theories, which appears mainly in the field of anthropology, sociology, and economics. The question of the gift addresses fundamental issues of inter-subjective interaction and social solidarity. Explaining its motives and meanings in gift exchange and free gift-giving is therefore necessary to a fully ethical conception of social life. The socal and ethical complexities of gift-giving challenge the market rhetoric in which everything is turned into being for sales in the capitalist society. Beginning with reexamining the basic theoretical frames of Mauss' work, this paper reviews divergent arguments on the logic of gifts and gift exchange in the works of levi-Strauss, Sahlins, Godelier, Weiner, Bataille, and Bourdieu Furthermore, it suggests a new trend toward an ethical question of gift-giving and generosity

    National Self-Determination and Cultural Revival Movements among the Nomadic Small Peoples of Siberia

    No full text
    In the post-perestroica period, the twenty-six nomadic small peoples of Siberia with less than thirty thousand population have waged a series of affirmative movements on national or ethnic self-determination and cultural revival for the sake of recovery of nomadic economy and ethnic sovereignty. Their movements started from critical reflection on the past history of sedentirization and Russianization under the Soviet rule. The role of the native intellectuals as the central ideologues and activists is significant for our understanding of ethnic problems of the Siberian natives. The process of recognition of ethnic affiliation among the native intellectuals, who were once a model of Russianization and modernization of the nomadic society, is identical with that of reconstruction of ethnicity among the nomadic peoples. The ethnicity or ethnic identity of Siberian nomadic small peoples is here interpreted as the situational ethnicity. Their ethnic titles were given on behalf of administrative convenience. Their sedentary lives limited in the definite territories were subject to the Russian government"s paternnalistic protection policy. Due to the short duration of ethnic formation and fragile econo-political foundations, the concept of ethnicity appears to be a symbolic instrument to the nomadic small peoples. Their ethnicity is not grounded on the primordial sense of ethnic loyalty, but newly constructed in the process of self-determination movements. Their ethnicity is thus a modern phenomenon. Germinating separately in each ethnic group, the nomadic people"s self๏ผŸdetermination movements assert aboriginal rights and national territory rights on Siberia. These movements have spread to all nomadic peoples in the Arctic region, who organized pan-aborigines association across the national barrier. Furthermore, their ethnic issues become extended to global issues as Siberia emerges as the prime region for environmental conservation and nature protection in the world public. The reason for such attention lies in the fact that the nomadic peoples" traditional shamanistic understanding of Siberian landscape is grounded contrary to the ideology of economic development, which approaches to the Siberian landscape as the deposit place of unregenerate mineral and energy resources. Shamanism consists of the complex knowledge system about landscape, hunting animals and nomadic economy. Siberian landscape is not only the place for nomadic activities but the dwelling place for both natural and supernatural beings. Thus, the nomadic small peoples are entitled to assert their aboriginal rights as the authentic manager of the Siberian landscape. The recent revival of shamanistic rituals becomes the symbolic catalyst for the self-determination movements and environmental activism among the nomadic peoples

    Research presented symmetry and asymmetry of land

    No full text
    corecore