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    A Study of Enforcement on the Areest of Ships

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    Marine transportation and marine-related activities cannot operate without ships, Everyday the number and scale of disputes involving these activities and the ships they require are increasing rapidly. According to international law, ships are required to be registered by competed government authority. This is done primarily a ship mobility and its huge value, but also for the sake of keeping maritime order and maintaining maritime safety In order to provide basic knowledge for the further discussion and specify the issues to be analyzed, the definition of 'ship', concept of arrest of ships, and the main issues and problems in respect to the arrest of ships will be dealt with. The concept and function of arrest of ships is also different under different legal systems. The concept of arrest of ship under the common law system orginates in `action in rem` and emphasizes the jurisdiction-acquiring function of arrest of ship. By contrast, the concept of arrest of ship under the continental law system is based on the theory of preservation, emphasizes the preservative function of arrest of ship and only permits `action in personam` The arrest of ship under the korean legal system follows continental law system and is different to common law system. As a result, the enforcement of arrest of ships causes many problems. For example, with regard to the arrest procedure, the vessel may be arrested relatively easily without any hearings by prima facie evidence showing existence of a debt. And It is general practice that the judge orders the claimant to deposit about 1/10 of the claim amount with the court before he issues the decision of the Court. It is possible for the claimant to provide to release to deposit the full amount of the claim, however, the debtor or very poor. because he is spend on much time and cost. This dissertation consists of five chapters. In the first chapter, the purpose, method and scope of this research will be stated along with a general overview. In the second chapter, An introduction to issue of the arrest of ships, I will define the arrest of ship and explain the scope of my study. This chapter will explain general authority of arrest of ships, enforcement on arrest of ships, and the international convention on the Arrest of ships of 1999. The third chapter, will refer to the objects of the arrest of ships. That is, The lawfulness shipowner and flag on convenience referred to the problems. In the forth chapter, the procedure for provisional ship arrest will be illustrated. In the final chapter, the dissertation summary will be provided and the legalzation of the korean provisional ship arrest system will be suggested as a conclusion for the dissertation. untill now on, there isn't enough to study about the enforcement on an arrest of ship, so I'd like a lot of an expert to study about this problem lively more than now.็ฌฌ1็ซ  ๅบ่ซ– ็ฌฌ1็ฏ€ ็ก็ฉถ์˜ ็›ฎ็š„ 1 ็ฌฌ2็ฏ€ ็ก็ฉถ์˜ ็ฏ„ๅœ์™€ ๆ–นๆณ• 3 ็ฌฌ2็ซ  ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™ๅˆถๅบฆ ๋ฐ ่ˆน่ˆถๅŸท่กŒ์˜ ๆงช่ง€ ็ฌฌ1็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ๅฎš็พฉ์™€ ็›ฎ็š„ 5 I. ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ๅฎš็พฉ 5 โ…ก. ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ็›ฎ็š„ 7 ็ฌฌ2็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅŸท่กŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๆ…‹ๆจฃ 8 I. ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์™€ ่ˆน่ˆถ็ซถ่ณฃ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ่ˆน่ˆถๅŸท่กŒ 8 โ…ก. ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์™€ ็›ฃๅฎˆยทไฟๅญ˜ๆŽช็ฝฎ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ่ˆน่ˆถๅŸท่กŒ 10 ็ฌฌ3็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ๅŸท่กŒๅฐ่ฑก 13 I. ๅค–ๅœ‹่ˆน่ˆถ 13 โ…ก. ็™ป่จ˜์— ้—œํ•œ ่ˆ‡ๅฆ 15 โ…ข. ๅปบ้€  ไธญ์ธ ่ˆน่ˆถ 17 โ…ฃ. ๅ…ถไป– 19 ็ฌฌ4็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ๅŽŸๅ› ๅ‚ตๆฌŠ 20 I. ๅŽŸๅ› ๅ‚ตๆฌŠ์˜ ๆงชๅฟต 20 โ…ก. ่ˆน่ˆถๅ„ชๅ…ˆ็‰นๆฌŠ์— ์˜ํ•œ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™ 22 โ…ข. ๅค–ๅœ‹ๅˆคๆฑบ ๋˜๋Š” ไปฒ่ฃๅˆคๆฑบ์— ๊ธฐํ•œ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™ 25 ็ฌฌ5็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ็”ณ่ซ‹็ฏ€ๆฌก 27 I. ็”ณ่ซ‹ๆ›ธ์˜ ่จ˜่ผ‰ไบ‹้ … 27 โ…ก. ่ซ‹ๆฑ‚์™€ ไฟๅ…จ์˜ ๅฟ…่ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ็–ๆ˜Žๆ›ธ้กž 29 โ…ข. ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™็”ณ่ซ‹์˜ ๆทป้™„ๆ›ธ้กž 30 โ…ฃ. ๅฏฉ็†, ่ฃๅˆค๊ณผ ๅŸท่กŒ 33 V. ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ๆ•ˆๅŠ› 35 ็ฌฌ6็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๅœ‹้š›ๆข็ด„ 35 I. ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™ๆข็ด„์˜ ไธป่ฆๅ…งๅฎน 36 โ…ก. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๆชข่จŽ 45 ็ฌฌ3็ซ  ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ่ˆน่ˆถๅŸท่กŒ์˜ ๅฐ่ฑก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๅ•้กŒ ็ฌฌ1็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ๅŸท่กŒ์— ้—œํ•œ ๆบ–ๆ“šๆณ•๊ณผ ็ฎก่ฝ„ๆฌŠ์— ้—œํ•œ ๅ•้กŒ 47 I. ๆบ–ๆ“šๆณ•์— ้—œํ•œ ๅ•้กŒ 47 โ…ก. ็ฎก่ฝ„ๆฌŠ์— ้—œํ•œ ๅ•้กŒ 50 โ…ข. ็ต่ชž 56 ็ฌฌ2็ฏ€ ็™ป้Œ„๋œ ่ˆนไธป๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ่€…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™ 57 I. ๅ•้กŒๆ่ตท 57 โ…ก. ๅ‚ญ่ˆนๅฅ‘็ด„์˜ ๆ€ง่ณช์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๅ‚ญ่ˆน่€…์˜ ๆ…‹ๆจฃ 59 โ…ข. ๆณ•ๅพ‹้—œไฟ‚์˜ ๆฏ”่ผƒ 60 โ…ฃ. ็ต่ชž 61 ็ฌฌ3็ฏ€ ไพฟๅฎœ็ฝฎ็ฑ่ˆน์— ๅฐํ•œ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™ 63 I. ๆงช่ฆ 63 โ…ก. ไพฟๅฎœ็ฝฎ็ฑ๊ณผ ๆณ•ไบบๆ ผๅฆ่ช๏งค่ซ– 65 โ…ข. ้‡่ฆๅˆคไพ‹่ฉ•้‡‹๊ณผ ็ต่ชž 70 ็ฌฌ4็ซ  ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ่ˆน่ˆถๅŸท่กŒ็ฏ€ๆฌกไธŠ์˜ ๅ•้กŒ ็ฌฌ1็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ๅˆถ้™(ๅ•†ๆณ• ็ฌฌ 744ๆข)์— ้—œํ•œ ๅ•้กŒ 75 I. ๏งทๆณ•่ถฃๆ—จ์™€ ๅ•้กŒ้ปž 76 โ…ก. ๅ•†ๆณ• ็ฌฌ 744ๆข์˜ ่งฃ้‡‹ 80 โ…ข. ็ต่ชž 85 ็ฌฌ2็ฏ€ ้•ๆณ•ยท๏ฅง็•ถํ•œ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™ 89 I. ๆงช่ฆ 89 II. ๏ฅง็•ถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๆๅฎณ่ณ ๅ„Ÿ่จด่จŸ์˜ ็ฎก่ฝ„ ๋ฐ ๆบ–ๆ“šๆณ• 90 โ…ข. ้•ๆณ•ยท๏ฅง็•ถํ•œ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๆๅฎณ่ณ ๅ„Ÿ ่จด่จŸ์˜ ่ฆไปถ 91 โ…ฃ. ็ต่ชž 94 ็ฌฌ3็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅœ‹็ฑ่ญ‰ๆ›ธ๋“ฑ ๅ—ๅ–ๅŸท่กŒ ็พๆณ๊ณผ ๅ•้กŒ้ปž 95 I. ๅ—ๅ–ๅŸท่กŒ ็พๆณ ๋ฐ ๅ•้กŒ้ปž 95 โ…ก. ็ต่ชž 98 ็ฌฌ4็ฏ€ ่ˆน่ˆถๅ‡ๆŠผ็•™์˜ ๅŸท่กŒ็ฏ€ๆฌกๅ–ๆถˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ่งฃๆ”พไพ›่จ—์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๅ•้กŒ 98 I. ๆงช่ฆ ๋ฐ ็พๆณ 99 โ…ก. ็ต่ชž 101 ็ฌฌ5็ซ  ็ต ่ซ– 104 ๅƒ่€ƒๆ–‡็ป 10
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