35 research outputs found
A Study on the Optimum Design of Exoskeleton Applied to a Gravity Compensator
This paper is about the design of a new gravity compensator for the exo-skeleton device. The exo-skeleton device is developed for increasing the torque of the human body joint for the purpose of helping the disabled or military soldiers. So far, most exo-skeleton device has been actuated by the motors, but motors are limited in energy such that a short durability is always a big problem. In this paper, a new exo-skeleton device applying the gravity compensator is proposed to reduce the torque load applied to human body joint. The applied gravity compensator is designed using a tortional bar spring, and its structure and characteristics are studied. The performance of the gravity compensator is studied through a kinematics simulation. Also the design of the exo-skeleton device is presented.μ 1 μ₯
μ λ‘
1.1 μ°κ΅¬ λ°°κ²½
1.2 μ°κ΅¬ λν₯
1.3 μ°κ΅¬ λͺ©μ
μ 2 μ₯ ν μ
λ°λ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν μ€λ ₯보μκΈ° ꡬμ±κ³Ό μ±λ₯
2.1 κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ€λ ₯보μκΈ°
2.2 ν μ
λ°λ₯Ό μ μ©ν μ€λ ₯보μκΈ° ꡬμ±
2.3 ν μ
λ°λ₯Ό μ μ©ν μ€λ ₯보μκΈ°μ μνν΄μ
μ 3 μ₯ μ€λ ₯보μκΈ° μ μ© κ·Όλ ₯보쑰기ꡬμ ꡬμ±
3.1 μ¬μ©λμ λ° κ΄μ μ΄λ λ²μ μ‘°μ¬
3.2νμ§ κ·Όλ ₯보쑰기ꡬμ μμ€ν
ꡬμ±
3.3νμ§ κ·Όλ ₯보쑰기ꡬμ κ΄μ κΈ°κ΅¬λΆ κ΅¬μ±
3.3.1κ³ κ΄μ κΈ°κ΅¬λΆ κ΅¬μ±
3.3.2무λ¦κ΄μ κΈ°κ΅¬λΆ κ΅¬μ±
3.3.3κ°λ³λ§ν¬ ꡬμ±
μ 4 μ₯μ€λ ₯보μκΈ°λ₯Ό μ μ©ν κ΄μ μ μμ©ν ν¬ ν΄μ
4.1 μ€λ ₯보μκΈ°λ₯Ό μ μ©ν κ΄μ μ μμ© ν ν¬ ν΄μ
4.1.1κ° κ΄μ μ κ΄μ±λͺ¨λ©νΈ κ°μ λ° ν΄μ
4.1.2κ° κ΄μ μ κ°μλ λ° κ°κ°μλ ν΄μ
4.1.3 κ° κ΄μ μ κ΄μ±λ ₯μ μν ν ν¬ν΄μ
4.1.4 νμ€μΌλ‘ λ°μνλ κ° κ΄μ μ ν ν¬ ν΄μ
4.1.5 μ€λ ₯보μκΈ° 보μλ ₯ μ μ© ν ν¬ ν΄μ
μ 5 μ₯ κ²°λ‘ λ° ν₯νκ³ν
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έ
Numerical Analysis Study on Optimum Pillar Recovery Condition of Limestone Mine by Sublevel Stoping
μ΅κ·Ό κ΅λ΄ κ΄μ°μ νκ²½λ¬Έμ μ λ²μ κ·μ κ°νμ μν₯μΌλ‘ κ°±μΈμ±κ΄μμ κ°±λ΄μ±κ΄μΌλ‘ μ νλ¨μ λ°λΌ 곡λμ μμ μ±μ΄ μ μ§λ μνμμ ν¨μ¨μ μΈ μ±κ΄μ΄ μ£Όλ κ΄μ¬μ¬κ° λκ³ μλ€. λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ κ΅λ΄ λ΄λ₯μ§λ°© μνμ κ΄μ°μμ λ§μ΄ μ¬μ©νλ μ±κ΄λ² μ€μ νλμΈ μ€λ¨μ±κ΄λ²μ λ°λ₯Έ μ μ ν μ±κ΄ κ³νμ λνμ¬ κ²ν νμλ€. λ¨Όμ μ€λ¨ μ¬μ΄μ κ°κ²©μ κ²°μ νκΈ° μνμ¬ λ€μν κ΄μ£Όμ νκ³Ό λμ΄μ λ°λ₯Έ κ΄μ£Όμμμ μλ ₯μ§μ€μ ν΄μνμλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ°κ΅¬λμ κ΄μ°μ μ±κ΄κ³νμ ν λλ‘ FLAC3Dλ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ 3μ°¨μ μμΉν΄μμ μννμλ€. κ΄μ£Όμ νμ λ°©ν₯, μ°μλ 2κ° λ° 3κ° κ΄μ£Ό νμ λ±μ λν΄ ν΄μν κ²°κ³Ό, μ°κ΅¬λμ κ΄μ° 곡λμ μΈ‘λ²½κ³Ό κ΄μ£Όμμ μμ±μμμ΄ λ°μν κ²μΌλ‘ μ¬λ£λμκ³ , λ°λΌμ 보μκ΄μ£Όμ λμ΄μ λ°λ₯Έ ν΄μμ μννμ¬ λμκ΄μ°μμ μ μ ν κ΄μ£Ό νμκ³νμ κ²ν νμλ€. λν μ±κ΄μ κ΄λ§₯ κ²½μ¬μ λ°λ₯Έ κ°±λ μμ μ±μ λν΄ λΉκ΅ κ²ν νμλ€. μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Ό μνμκ΄μ°μμ μ€λ¨μ±κ΄λ² μ μ©μ 곡λμ νκ³Ό λμ΄μ λ°λ₯Έ μλ ₯μ§μ€κ³Ό κ²½μ¬μ λ°λ₯Έ μν₯μ κ³ λ €νμ¬ λ³΄μκ΄μ£Όλ₯Ό μμ νκ² μ€κ³ νμ¬μΌ ν κ²μΌλ‘ μ¬λ£λλ€.Abstract
μ΄ λ‘
1. μ λ‘
1.1 μ°κ΅¬λ°°κ²½
1.2 μ€λ¨μ±κ΄λ² λ° μ°κ΅¬λμκ΄μ°
1.3 μ°κ΅¬λ°©λ² λ° μ μ©λͺ¨λΈ
2. λ³Έ λ‘
2.1 μ€λ¨κ°κ²© κ²ν
2.1.1 κ΄μ£Όμμμ μλ ₯μ§μ€
2.1.2 μ§λ°λͺ¨λΈλ§ λ° μ
λ ₯λ³μ
2.1.3 κΈ°μ‘΄μλ£ κ²ν
2.1.4 μλ ₯ν΄μ
2.2 κ΄μ£Ό νμ κ³ν κ²ν
2.2.1 μΈ‘μκ³μ κ²°μ
2.2.2 μ§λ°λͺ¨λΈλ§
2.2.3 νμλ°©ν₯μ λ°λ₯Έ ν΄μ
2.2.4 2κ° λ° 3κ° κ΄μ£Ό μ°μ νμ
2.2.5 보μκ΄μ£Ό λμ΄μ λ°λ₯Έ μ±κ΄
2.2.6 κ΄λ§₯ κ²½μ¬μ λ°λ₯Έ λΉκ΅
3. κ²°λ‘
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έ
Prospective, Randomized and Controlled Trial on Ketamine infusion during Bilateral Axillo-Breast Approach (BABA) Robotic or Endoscopic Thyroidectomy : Effects on postoperative pain and recovery profiles
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μνκ³Ό, 2017. 2. μ μ ν¬.Background
Robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy using bilateral axillo-breast approach(BABA) is frequently performed for excellent cosmesis. However, postoperative pain is remained as concerns due to the extent tissue dissection and tension during the operation. Ketamine is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist that reduces acute postoperative pain. We evaluated the effects of intraoperative ketamine infusion on postoperative pain control and recovery profiles following BABA robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy.
Methods
Fifty-eight adult patients scheduled for BABA robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy were randomized into a control group (n = 29) and ketamine group (n o= 29). Following induction of anesthesia, patients in each group were infused with the same volume of saline or ketamine solution (1 mg/kg bolus, 60 ΞΌg/kg/h continuous infusion). Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil was used to induce and maintain anesthesia. Painscores (101-point numerical rating scale, 0 = no pain, 100 = the worst imaginable pain), the consumption of rescue analgesics, and other postoperative adverse effects were assessed at 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h postoperatively.
Results
Patients in the ketamine group reported lower pain scores than those in the control group at 6 h (30 [30] vs. 50 [30]P = 0.017), 24 h (20 [10] vs. 30 [20]P < 0.001), and 48 h(10 [10] vs. 20 [15]P < 0.001) in neck area. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the requirements for rescue analgesics or the occurrence of adverse events.
Conclusion
Intravenous ketamine infusion during anesthesia resulted in lower postoperative pain scores following BABA robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy, with no increase in adverse events.Introduction 1
Methods 3
Results 7
Discussion 14
References 17
Abstract in Korean 20Maste
A study on Loss Mitigation
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : λ²κ³Όλν λ²νκ³Ό, 2018. 8. κΉνμ.μ±λ¬΄λΆμ΄ν λλ λΆλ²νμμ νΌν΄λΉμ¬μ(μν΄λ°°μμ±κΆμ)λ μμ μ΄ μ
μ μν΄λ₯Ό λ°°μλ°μ κΆλ¦¬λ₯Ό κ°μ§λ§, νΌν΄λΉμ¬μκ° μ§λ°°Β·ν΅μ ν μ μλ μμ λ΄μμ ν©λ¦¬μ μΈ μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό ν΅νμ¬ μν΄λ₯Ό κ²½κ°νκ±°λ μν΄μ νλλ₯Ό λ°©μ§ν μ μλ€λ©΄ νΌν΄λΉμ¬μλ‘ νμ¬κΈ μν΄ κ²½κ° λλ νλ λ°©μ§ μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό μ·¨νλλ‘ λ²μ΄ μ λνλ κ²μ΄ μΆ©λΆν μ λΉνλ μ μκ³ μ¬νμ μΌλ‘λ ν¨μ¨μ μ΄λΌκ³ μκ°ν΄λ³Ό μ μλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ΄μ΅μν©μ μλ―Έλ²μμλ μ±κΆμμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무λ₯Ό λͺ
μμ μΌλ‘ μΈμ νκ³ λΆλΉν΄κ³ , λ¬Όν맀맀, μ μ²΄μΉ¨ν΄ λ± κ°μ’
μ¬μμ κ΄νμ¬ μλ§μ νλ‘λ€μ μΆμ ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ ν΄κ²°νκ³ μλ€. 1) μν΄κ²½κ°μ무, 2) μ΄λ―Έ κ²½κ°λ μν΄μ ν볡λΆκ°λ₯, 3) ν©λ¦¬μ μΌλ‘ μ§μΆλ λΉμ©μ ν볡μ΄λΌλ μΈ κ°μ§ μμλ₯Ό λ΄μ©μΌλ‘ νλμν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉμ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘ μλ―Έλ²μμ μ λνλ κ²μ΄μ§λ§, μ°λ¦¬λλΌλ₯Ό λΉλ‘―ν μλ―Έλ² μ΄μΈμ λ²μ λ€μμλ μν΄κ²½κ°μ΄ λ¬Έμ λλ μ΄μ΅μν©λ€μ λνμ¬ κ°μμ λ²μ²΄κ³ νμμ ꡬ체μ νλΉμ± μλ κ²°λ‘ μ λμΆν΄μμ κ²μ΄λΌλ λ¬Έμ μμμ κ°μ§κ³ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ§ννμλ€.
λΉκ΅λ²μ μΌλ‘, μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 μΈμ μ κ°μ₯ μκ·Ήμ μΈ νλμ€λ, μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ κ΄ν λͺ
λ¬Έ κ·μ μ΄ μκ³ νκΈ°μ(Cour de Cassation)μμλ λΆλ²νμμ νΌν΄μμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무λ₯Ό λͺ
μμ μΌλ‘ λΆμ νμμ§λ§, νμλ²μλ€μμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ΄ λ¬Έμ λλ μ΄μ΅μν©λ€μ μΈκ³Όκ΄κ³ λλ μν΄μ μ§μ μ±μ λΆμ νκ±°λ μ μμ±μ€μ μμΉμ μμ©νλ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ ν΄κ²°νλ €λ μλκ° λνλκ³ μλ€. λ
μΌμ 곡λκ³Όμ€(Mitverschulden)μ κ΄ν λ―Όλ² μ 254μ‘°μ νΌν΄μκ° μν΄λ₯Ό ννΌΒ·κ²½κ°νμ§ λͺ»ν κ²½μ°λ₯Ό λͺ
λ¬ΈμΌλ‘ κ·μ νκ³ μμΌλ©°, νλ‘μμΌλ‘λ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 μλ°μ κ²½μ° λ°°μμ‘μ μ ννκ³ μλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ λ½κ³μ½λ²μμΉμμλ μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉ λ° λ체거λμ κ΄ν λͺ
λ¬Έκ·μ λ€μ λκ³ μμΌλ©°, κ΅μ λ¬Όν맀맀κ³μ½μ κ΄ν μ μνμ½(CISG)μ μ±λ¬΄λΆμ΄νμ κ²½μ° νΉμ μ΄νꡬμ μ±
(Specific Remedies)μ μμΉμ μΌλ‘ μΈμ νλ©΄μ λμμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ κ΄ν λͺ
λ¬Έκ·μ μ λκ³ μλ€.
μ°λ¦¬ λ―Όλ²μ νλμ€μ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ κ΄ν λͺ
λ¬Έκ·μ μ λκ³ μμ§ μμΌλ, κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘ μ±κΆμκ° μν΄μ νλμλ§ κΈ°μ¬ν κ²½μ°λ₯Ό μ 396μ‘°μ κ³Όμ€μκ³ μ¬μ λ‘ ν¬ν¨μμΌ ν΄μν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκ³ μκ³ , μΈκ³Όκ΄κ³μ λ¬Έμ λλ ν΅μμν΄Β·νΉλ³μν΄μ λ¬Έμ λ‘ λ³΄μ ν΄κ²°νλ νλ‘λ€λ μλΉμ μλ€. μν΄λ°°μμ‘ μ°μ κΈ°μ€μκΈ°μ κ΄ν νλ‘λ€μ λΉλ‘―νμ¬ μ 체침ν΄, 물건 λ©Έμ€μ λ°λ₯Έ ν΄μ
μν΄, λΆλΉν΄κ³ , 물건 μ리λΉμ©μ μ§μΆ, λ체거λ λΆμ΄ν, μν΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ μμλΉμ©μ λ°°μμ²κ΅¬ λ± μ¬λ¬ μ¬μ μ νλ€μμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ κ΄ν λͺ
μμ ·묡μμ κ³ λ €λ€μ λΉλ²ν μ°Ύμλ³Ό μ μλ€.
μμ κ°μ μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όλ€μ λ°νμΌλ‘ μ΄ κΈμμλ μ°λ¦¬ λ―Όλ²μμμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ κ΄νμ¬ μΈ κ°μ§λ₯Ό μ μνλ€. 첫째λ‘, μ°λ¦¬ νλ‘λ μ μ²΄μΉ¨ν΄ μ¬μκ³Ό κ°μ΄ λͺ
μμ μΌλ‘ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무λ₯Ό μΈμνμ¬ μΈκΈν μ¬μλ€ μΈμλ λ§μ μν΄λ°°μ μ¬κ±΄λ€μμ μ±κΆμμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ μ¬λΆλ₯Ό κ³ λ €νκ³ μμμΌλ©°, μ±κΆμμκ² μ¬μ€μ μꡬλλ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ μμ€μ΄ μλΉν λμμ μ μνλ€. νΉν μ±λ¬΄λΆμ΄νκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨νμ¬, μ°λ¦¬ λ²μ λ λλ₯λ²κ³μ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ μ΄νλΆλ₯μ΄ μλ ν λ³Έλ κΈλΆμ μ΄νμ²κ΅¬λ₯Ό μμΉμ μΈ κ΅¬μ μλ¨μΌλ‘ νλκ² μΈμ νλ©΄μλ, κ·Έμ λμμ μν΄λ°°μμ κ΅λ©΄μμλ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무λ₯Ό μλ―Έλ²κ³Ό λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ νλκ² μΈμ νλ λ²μ λΌκ³ 보μμΌ νλ€.
λμ§Έλ‘, μ°λ¦¬ νλ‘λ μν΄κ²½κ°μ΄ λ¬Έμ λλ μ΄μ΅μν©μ κ³Όμ€μκ³, μλΉμΈκ³Όκ΄κ³, ν΅μμν΄Β·νΉλ³μν΄μ μΈ κ°μ§ λ²λ¦¬μ κ΄μ μμ ν΄κ²°νλλ°, μ΄λ μ μΈ κ°μ§ λ²κ°λ
μ΄ κ°κ° λ
μμ μΈ κΈ°λ₯μ μννκ³ μλ€λ μ μμ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘ νλΉνλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 λΆμ΄νμΌλ‘ μΈνμ¬ κ²½κ°λμ§ λͺ»νκ±°λ νλλ μν΄ λΆλΆμ΄ νΉμ κ°λ₯ν κ²½μ°μλ, κ³Όμ€μκ³λ₯Ό ν¨μ μμ΄ λΉμ¨μ κ°μ‘μ ν기보λ€λ ν΄λΉ μν΄μ‘ λΆλΆμ μ νν νΉμ νμ¬ κ°μ‘νλ μ€λ¬΄μ λ
Έλ ₯μ΄ νμνλ€.
λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘, μν΄λ°°μμ‘ μ°μ μ κΈ°μ€μκΈ° λ¬Έμ λ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ λ°μ νκ² μ°κ΄λμ΄ μμΌλ―λ‘ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ κ΄μ μμ μ κ·Ή κ²ν λμ΄μΌ νλ€. μ΄μ λ°λΌ μ΄νΌκ±΄λ, κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘ νμ¬ λ€μμ€κ³Ό νλ‘κ° μ·¨νλ μ±
μμμΈλ°μμμ€μ΄ νλΉνλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ΅¬μ²΄μ μΌλ‘, 1) μ΄νμ§μ²΄μ κ²½μ°, μ΄ν μ΅κ³ ν μλΉ κΈ°κ° κ²½κ³Όμμ ν΄μ κΆ λ° μ 보배μμ²κ΅¬κΆμ΄ λ°μνκ³ κ³μ½μ΄ λΆμ΄νλμ΄ ν΄μ λ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ κ°κ΄μ μΌλ‘ λμμ§λ―λ‘ ν΄μ κΆ νμ¬ μ¬λΆμ μκ΄μμ΄ μ΄ν μ΅κ³ ν μλΉ κΈ°κ° κ²½κ³Όμλ₯Ό κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ ν΄μΌ νλ€. 2) μ΄νκΈ° μ μ΄νκ±°μ μ κ²½μ°, μ±κΆμλ‘μλ μ μ΄λ λ³Έλ μ΄νκΈ°κΉμ§λ μ±λ¬΄μμ μ΄νμ κ³μ κΈ°λ€λ¦΄ μ μλ κ²μ΄κ³ μ΄νκΈ°κ° λκ³Όνλ©΄ μ±λ¬΄κ° μ€νλμ§ μμ μνμ±μ΄ κ°κ΄μ μΌλ‘ μ¦λλ κ²μ΄μ΄μ μ±κΆμκ° λΆμ΄νμ λλΉν νμκ° μμΌλ―λ‘ μμΉμ μΌλ‘λ³Έλμ μ΄νκΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ νλ, λ³Έλ μ΄νκΈ°κΉμ§ μ±λ¬΄μμ μ΄νμ κ³μ κΈ°λ€λ¦¬λ κ²μ΄ μ λΉν μ΄μ κ° μλ κ²μΌλ‘ 보μ΄λ μμΈμ μΈ κ²½μ°λ μ΄νκ±°μ μλ₯Ό κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ ν΄μΌ νλ€. 3) κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄νκΈ° ν μ΄νκ±°μ μ κ²½μ°, μ΄νκ±°μ μ΄ μκΈ°λ μ μΈ λ³Έλμ μ΄νκΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ ν μ¬μ§λ μκ³ μ΄νκ±°μ μλ₯Ό κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ νλ κ²μ΄ νλΉνλ€.
μ£Όμμ΄ : μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉ, μν΄κ²½κ°μ무, ν©λ¦¬μ μΈ μν΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ, κ³Όμ€μκ³, μλΉμΈκ³Όκ΄κ³, ν΅μμν΄Β·νΉλ³μν΄, λ체거λ, μν΄λ°°μμ‘ μ°μ κΈ°μ€μμ , ν΄μ
μν΄, μμ μ무λͺ© μ°¨
μ 1 μ₯ μ λ‘ 1
μ 2 μ₯ μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉμ κ΄ν λΉκ΅λ²μ κ²ν 4
μ 1 μ μλ‘ - κ²ν μ λ°©ν₯ 4
μ 2 μ μλ―Έλ²μ μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉ 4
μ 1 κ΄ μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉμ λ΄μ© 4
1. μλ‘ 4
2. μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 5
3. μ΄λ―Έ κ²½κ°λ μν΄μ ν볡λΆκ°λ₯ 14
4. ν©λ¦¬μ μΌλ‘ μ§μΆλ λΉμ©μ ν볡 14
μ 2 κ΄ μλ―Έλ² νλ‘ μκ° 15
1. λΆλΉν΄κ³ μ μ¬κ³ μ© μ μ 15
2. λ¬Όν 맀맀κ³μ½μμμ λ체거λμ무 18
3. μ μ²΄μΉ¨ν΄ μ¬μ 20
4. κΈ°ν μ¬μλ€μμ μꡬλλ μν΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ 21
5. ννΌλ μν΄(Avoided Loss) 23
6. λΉν©λ¦¬μ μΈ μ‘°μΉμ μνμ κ΄ν νλ‘ 28
μ 3 κ΄ μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉμ μ μ©λ²μ 31
1. μ±λ¬΄λΆμ΄νκ³Ό λΆλ²νμ 31
2. μ΄νκΈ° μ μ΄νκ±°μ μ νΉμλ¬Έμ 32
μ 4 κ΄ μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉμ λ
Όλ¦¬μ κ·Όκ±° 46
1. μΈμΌν°λΈμ λ¬Έμ 46
2. μ¬νμ μ°¨μμμ μμμ λλΉ λ°©μ§ 47
3. μ΄νμ μ무(Altruistic Duty) 48
4. 곡νκ΄λ
(Fairness) 50
μ 3 μ κΈ°ν λ²μ λ€μμμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉ 50
μ 1 κ΄ νλμ€μ νλ 50
1. μΌλ°λ‘ 50
2. νμλ²μμ νκ²°λ€ 52
3. νκΈ°μ(Cour de Cassation)μ λ νκ²° 54
μ 2 κ΄ λ
μΌμ νλ 57
1. κ΄λ ¨ μ‘°ν 57
2. λ
μΌμμμ μν΄λ°°μμ±
μ κ²½κ°κ³Ό 곡λκ³Όμ€ 58
3. κ΄λ ¨ νλ‘ 59
μ 3 κ΄ μ λ½κ³μ½λ²μμΉ 64
1. μ λ½κ³μ½λ²μμΉμ μμ 64
2. μν΄μ κ²½κ° 65
3. λ체거λ 69
μ 4 κ΄ κ΅μ λ¬Όν맀맀κ³μ½μ κ΄ν μ μνμ½(CISG) 71
1. κ΄λ ¨ μ‘°ν 71
2. νμ½ κ°κ΄ λ° λ
Όμμ ν΅μ¬ 71
3. CISGμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ ꡬ체μ λ΄μ© 75
4. μ΄νμ²κ΅¬κΆ λ± λ€λ₯Έ ꡬμ μλ¨κ³Ό μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 81
5. μ΄νκΈ° μ μ κ³μ½μλ°κ³Ό μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 83
μ 4 μ μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉκ³Ό κΈλΆμ΄μ΅ 84
1. μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉμ΄ κΈλΆμ΄μ΅μ μΉ¨ν΄νλκ°? 84
2. κΈλΆμ΄μ΅ 보νΈμλ¨κ³Ό μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 κ°μ μκ΄κ΄κ³ 87
μ 3 μ₯ μ°λ¦¬λλΌμμμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ μμΉ 91
μ 1 μ μλ‘ 91
μ 2 μ μ°λ¦¬ λ―Όλ²μ ν΄μλ‘ κ³Ό μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 94
1. κ³Όμ€μκ³(λ―Όλ² μ 396μ‘°) 94
2. μΈκ³Όκ΄κ³ λ° μν΄λ°°μμ λ²μ(λ―Όλ² μ 390μ‘°, μ 393μ‘°) 97
3. μν΄μ‘ μ°μ κΈ°μ€μκΈ°μ λ¬Έμ 102
4. 2004λ
λ―Όλ² κ°μ μκ³Ό μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 107
μ 3 μ μ¬μμ νλ³ νλ‘ λΆμ λ° κ²ν 108
μ 1 κ΄ μν΄λ°°μμ‘ μ°μ μ κΈ°μ€μκΈ° 108
1. νλ‘μ νλ 108
2. μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ κ΄λ ¨νμ¬ νλ‘κ° κ°λ ν¨μ 113
3. μν΄λ°°μμ‘ μ°μ κΈ°μ€μκΈ°μ κ΄ν μ λ°μ μΈ κ²ν 114
μ 2 κ΄ μ μ²΄μΉ¨ν΄ μ¬μμμμ μμ μ무 121
μ 3 κ΄ ν΄μ
μν΄ 123
1. μμ
μ© μ¬μ°μ λ©Έμ€ 124
2. λΆλΉν΄κ³ 130
μ 4 κ΄ μ리λΉμ©μ μ§μΆ 132
1. 물건μ κ΅νκ°μΉ λ²μ λ΄λ‘ μν΄μ‘ μ ν 132
2. μν΄μ‘μ΄ μ νλμ§ μλ νΉλ³ν μ¬μ 133
μ 5 κ΄ λ체거λ λΆμ΄ν 135
μ 6 κ΄ μν΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ μμλΉμ©μ λ°°μ 138
μ 7 κ΄ κΈ°ν μ¬μμ νλ€ 139
1. λ¨μ κΈμ§κ°μ²λΆ μ¬κ±΄ 139
2. ν μ§ μλμ°¨κ³μ½ μ΄νλΆλ₯κ³Ό 곡μ¬λΉμ©μ§μΆ 142
3. κ΅ν΅μ¬κ³ νΌν΄μμ νΉμ€ μ
μκ³Ό μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 147
4. λΉλνμ°μ€ λ¨μ μ¬κ±΄ 148
μ 4 μ μ°λ¦¬ νλ‘μ λΆμμ λ°λ₯Έ μμ¬μ 150
1. μ±κΆμμκ² μꡬλλ μν΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉμ μμ€ 150
2. μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 μλ°μ λν λ²λ¦¬κ΅¬μ± 153
3. μν΄κ²½κ°μ무 μλ°μ μ§κΆμΌλ‘ κ³ λ € κ°λ₯νμ§ μ¬λΆ 157
μ 4 μ₯ κ²° λ‘ 158
1. μ±κΆμμ μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ κ΄ν μ μ¬λ μΈμλ€μ λ°κ²¬ 158
2. μν΄κ²½κ°μ무μ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό λ°λΌλ³΄λ μ΄λ‘ μ ν 159
3. μν΄μ‘ μ°μ μ κΈ°μ€μκΈ° - μ νμ΄λ‘ κ³Όμ μ‘°ν 162
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 165
Abstract 179Maste
2μ°¨μ κ΄κ²°μ μ΄ μ§μ λ μ§νλ¬Ό λ°κ΄ λ€μ΄μ€λ
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬) --μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :물리νλΆ,2007.Docto
A study on propeller noise source localization and hull pressure estimation using matched field processing technique
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μ°μ
Β·μ‘°μ 곡νλΆ, 2015. 2. μ±μ°μ .νλ‘ν λ¬λ μ λ° μμμ§λμ μ£Όμν μμΈμ΄λ©°, νμΉκ°κ³Ό μΉλ¬΄μμ κ±°μ£Ό μλ½μ±μ ν° μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ€. λΏ μλλΌ κ΅°ν¨μ κ²½μ° νΌν μ±λ₯κ³Ό κΉμ κ΄λ ¨μ κ°κ³ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ μ€κ³ μ΄κΈ° λ¨κ³μ νλ‘ν λ¬μ μ±λ₯μ΄ νμ
λμ΄μΌ νλ©°, μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ λͺ¨ν νλ‘ν λ¬ μνμ΄ κ³΅λν°λμμ μνλκ³ μλ€.
κΈ°μ‘΄μ μνλκ³ μλ νλ‘ν λ¬ λͺ¨νμν λλ μ€μ μννκ°μ μν₯μΌμλ λ¨μν νλ‘ν λ¬ μμμ μμ μμ€μ κ³μΈ‘νκ±°λ μκ°μ μΈ κ΄μ°°μ 보쑰νλ μ νμ μΈ μ©λμμ μ¬μ©λμλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μν₯νμ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ 보면 μΌμλ°°μ΄μ ν΅ν΄ κ³μΈ‘λ μν₯μ νΈλ νλ‘ν λ¬ μμμ λν μ 보λ₯Ό μΆμΆν μ μλ λ€μν μ 보λ₯Ό ν¬ν¨νκ³ μλ€. λ°λΌμ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ νλ‘ν λ¬ μλΆ μ 체μ 맀립λ μν₯μΌμ λ°°μ΄μμ κ³μΈ‘λ νλ‘ν λ¬μ μν₯μ νΈλ₯Ό κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ μμ€μν₯νμμ μμμμΉ μΆμ λλ νκ²½μΈμ μμ°μ λ리 μ μ©λκ³ μλ μ ν©μ₯μ²λ¦¬κΈ°λ²μ μ μ©νμ¬ νλ‘ν λ¬ λ€μν μμμ μ 보λ₯Ό μμΈ‘νλ κΈ°λ²μ μ μνκ³ μ νμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ νλ‘ν λ¬ μμμ λ°μμ리λ₯Ό κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ μμ λͺ¨λΈμ μ μνμμΌλ©°, μμμ ννμ λ°λΌ μμ΄νκ² λ°μνλ νλμ λλ κ΄λμ μν₯μ νΈμ μ ν©μ₯μ²λ¦¬ κΈ°λ²μ μ μ©νμ¬ μμμ μ 보λ₯Ό λμΆνμλ€.
λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ λ€μμ λ κ°μ§ μ°κ΅¬λ΄μ©μΌλ‘ ꡬλΆν μ μλ€. μ°μ , 곡λμ΄ λ°μλκΈ° μ΄μ λ¨κ³μ μ 체 λ³λμλ ₯μ μ£Όμ μμΈμ΄λΌ ν μ μλ νλ‘ν λ¬ λΉκ³΅λ μμμμ ν΄μμ λͺ¨λΈμ μ μνμ¬ μμμ λͺ¨λΈλ§νμμΌλ©°, μ ν©μ₯ μμ°κΈ°λ²μ μ μ©νμ¬ μμμΈμλ₯Ό λμΆν ν μ΄λ‘ μΈν μ 체 λ³λμλ ₯μ μμΈ‘νμλ€. λμΆλ μμ°κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λΉκ³΅λ μμμ ꡬμ±νλ νμ€μμκ³Ό λκ»μμμ νΉμ§μ λΆμνμλ€. μ΄λ λΉκ³΅λ μμμ λ κ°ν΅κ³Όμ£Όνμμ ν΄λΉνλ νλμ μ νΈλ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμμΌλ©°, μ λ¬ν¨μλ ν°λλ΄μ μν₯μκ³Ό λ°μ¬νλ₯Ό λ°μνκΈ° μνμ¬ μν₯κ²½κ³μμλ²μ μ μ©νμλ€.
μ΄ν μμ€ λ°©μ¬μμμ μ£Όμ μμΈμ΄λΌ ν μ μλ 보ν
μ€ μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
μ μ΄κΈ° λ°μνλ μμΉλ₯Ό μΆμ νλ μκ³ λ¦¬μ¦μ μ μνμλ€. κ΄λμ μ νΈλ₯Ό κ°λ 보ν
μ€ μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
μ μ νΈλ₯Ό μ΄μ©νκΈ° μνμ¬ κ΄λμ μ ν©μ₯μμ° κΈ°λ²μ μ μ©νμμΌλ©°, 볡μ μμ₯ κ³μ°μ ν¨μ¨μ±μ μνμ¬ μ§μ μ
μ¬νλ§μ μ λ¬ν¨μλ‘ μ μ©νμλ€.
μ μλ κΈ°λ²λ€μ λν 곡λν°λμμ μνλ λͺ¨νμνμ ν΅ν΄ κ²μ¦λμμΌλ©°, μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ€κ³ μ΄κΈ°λ¨κ³ νλ‘ν λ¬μ λΉκ³΅λμΌλ‘ μΈν μ 체 λ³λμλ ₯μ μμΈ‘ν μ μμμΌλ©°, λμκ° κ΄λμ μ νΈλ₯Ό κ°λ μ΄μ 보ν
μ€ κ³΅λμ μμΉμΆμ μλ ν¨μ¨μ μΌλ‘ μ μ©ν μ μμμ νμΈνμλ€. νΉν, μ μλ μ΄μμΊλΉν
μ΄μ
μμΉμΆμ κΈ°λ²μ κ²½μ° μ€μ μ μ©μ μ 체 νλΆμ κ΄μΈ‘μ°½μ μ€μΉνλ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μκ°μ μΈ μμΉ μΆμ κΈ°λ²μ λ체ν μ μμ λΏ μλλΌ, μκ°ν μ΄μ μ λ°μνλ μ΄μμΊλΉν
μ΄μ
μ μμΉ μΆμ μμ μ μ© κ°λ₯ν¨μ νμΈνμλ€.λͺ© μ°¨
μ΄λ‘ ii
λͺ©μ°¨ iv
κ·Έλ¦Ό λͺ©μ°¨ vii
ν λͺ©μ°¨ xiii
β
. μ λ‘ 1
1. μ°κ΅¬λ°°κ²½ λ° λͺ©μ 1
2. λ
Όλ¬Έ κ΅¬μ± 3
β
‘. νλ‘ν λ¬ λΉκ³΅λ μμμ μμ° λ° λ³λμλ ₯ μΆμ κΈ°λ² 4
1. μ°κ΅¬κ°μ 4
2. κΈ°μ‘΄μ°κ΅¬ λΆμ 5
3. λΉκ³΅λ μμμ μμ° λ° λ³λμλ ₯ μΆμ μ μ°¨ 10
4. νλ‘ν λ¬ λΉκ³΅λ μμμ λͺ¨λΈλ§ νΉμ± 12
4.1. λΉκ³΅λ μμμ λΆλ₯ 12
4.2. λ κ° νμ€μμ λͺ¨λΈ 16
4.2.1 μμμ νΉμ§ λ° νν 16
4.2.2 ν΄μμ μμ λͺ¨λΈ μ μ 17
4.3. λ κ° λκ»μμ λͺ¨λΈ 20
4.3.1 μμμ νΉμ§ λ° νν 20
4.3.2 ν΄μμ μμ λͺ¨λΈ μ μ 21
4.4. νλ‘ν λ¬ λΉκ³΅λ μμμ ν΄μμ λͺ¨λΈ 24
5. νλ‘ν λ¬ λΉκ³΅λ μμμ μμ° 26
5.1. μμ°μΈμ λμΆ 26
5.2. μν₯κ²½κ³μμλ²μ μ΄μ©ν 볡μ μμ₯ μμ± 28
5.3. μ ν©μ₯ μμ°κΈ°λ² 32
5.3.1 μ ν©μ₯ νλ‘μΈμ 32
5.3.2 μ΅μ ν κΈ°λ² 35
6. λͺ¨νμ μ€νκ²°κ³Ό 37
6.1 μ€ν νκ²½ λ° κ³μΈ‘ μ νΈ 37
6.2 μμ° κ²°κ³Ό 40
6.3 μ 체 λ³λμλ ₯ μΆμ κ²°κ³Ό 46
β
’. μ΄μ λ κ°λ 보μ€ν
μ€ μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
μμΉμΆμ κΈ°λ² 54
1. μ°κ΅¬ κ°μ 54
2. κΈ°μ‘΄μ°κ΅¬ λΆμ 56
2.1. 보ν
μ€ μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
μν₯νΉμ± μ°κ΅¬ 56
2.1.1 λ¨μΌ λ κ°μμ λ°μνλ 보ν
μ€ μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
56
2.1.2 λ¨μΌ λ κ°μμ λ°μνλ 보ν
μ€ μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
59
2.2. νλ‘ν λ¬ μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
μμΉμΆμ κΈ°λ² 60
3. μ΄μ μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
μμΉμΆμ μ μ°¨ 64
3.1. μμ λ² κΈ°λ° λ³΅μ μμ₯ μμ± 65
3.2. κ΄λμμ ν©μ₯ μμ°κΈ°λ² 68
4. κ°μμμμ μ΄μ©ν μκ³ λ¦¬μ¦ κ²μ¦ 72
4.1. μ€ννκ²½ λ° μ‘°κ±΄ 72
4.2. μμΉμΆμ κ²°κ³Ό 74
4.3. λ€μ€λ°μ¬ μν₯ κ²ν 78
5. λͺ¨νμ -β
μ€ν κ²°κ³Ό 81
5.1. μ€ννκ²½ λ° μ‘°κ±΄ 81
5.2. μμΉμΆμ μ μν κ΄μ¬ μ£Όνμ λμ μ μ 84
5.3. μμΉμΆμ κ²°κ³Ό 86
6. λͺ¨νμ -β
‘ μ€ν κ²°κ³Ό 88
6.1. μ€ννκ²½ λ° μ‘°κ±΄ 86
6.2. μμΉμΆμ μ μν κ΄μ¬ μ£Όνμ λμ μ μ 91
6.3. μμΉμΆμ κ²°κ³Ό 93
6.4. μμΉμΆμ κ²°κ³Ό κΈ°λ° μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
λ°μ νμ λΆμ 99
6.4.1 μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
νν λΆλ₯ λ° μ£Όνμ νΉμ± 99
6.4.2 μΊλΉν
μ΄μ
νν λ° λ°μ μν©λ³ μμΉμΆμ κ²°κ³Ό 103
6.5. μΌμ μλ κ°μμ λ°λ₯Έ μμΉμΆμ μν₯ κ²ν 110
β
£. κ²° λ‘ 114
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 116
λΆλ‘.A. λ κ° νμ€μμμΌλ‘ μΈν μλ ₯μ₯ 123
λΆλ‘.B. λ κ° λκ»μμμΌλ‘ μΈν μλ ₯μ₯ 133
λΆλ‘.C. μν₯κ²½κ³μμλ² 145
Abstract 156Docto
Object-oriented parsing using a divide-and-conquer strategy
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ μ°κ³Όνκ³Ό,1999.Docto
μ€λλλλ§₯μμ K+-μ λ° νκ΄μ΄μ κΈ°μ μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μνκ³Ό μ리νμ 곡,1998.Maste
Clinical features of bacteremia in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) --μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μνκ³Ό (μμκ³Όνμ 곡),2009.2.Maste
Studies on the performance characteristics and system optimization of cascade heat pump
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : κΈ°κ³ν곡곡νλΆ, 2014. 2. κΉλ―Όμ.In this study, the studies of cascade heat pump performance characteristics and optimization for heating and hot water supply in extremely cold region were conducted. In general, conventional heat pump water heater system shows a limited performance at low ambient temperature whereas the heating demand increases. In order to increase the water discharge temperature, multi-stage cycle was suggested and among the multi-stage cycle, cascade cycle shows the best performance at high condensing temperature condition.
In order to increase the cascade performance at low ambient temperature, R410A refrigerant which is suitable for low temperature application was adopted in bottoming cycle. The R134a refrigerant which has a higher critical temperature was adopted in topping cycle to increase the water discharge temperature.
In order to increase the cascade system efficiency, several attempts were conducted. The determination of optimal refrigerant charge amount was studied by numerical simulation and experiment. The optimized coefficient of performance was obtained at the optimal charge amount condition and its corresponding degree of subcool at each cycle was suggested.
The intermediate temperature which determines the pressure ratio of each cycle was also optimized by numerical anaysis based on the reverse-Carnot model. The verification of optimized numerical intermediate temperature was conducted by experiment and numerical intermediate temperature well predicted the experimental optimal intermediate temperature.
The performance characteristics of cascade heat pump with water temperature lift at condenser were conducted by experiment. Despite of several advantages of heat pump than conventional boiler, slower thermal response is the weakness of heat pump water heater system. In order to increase the water discharge temperature, mass flow rate of water should be reduced. In case of decreasing water mass flow rate, the performance characteristics of cascade heat pump were obtained.
The fast response of heat pump system is the key issue for hot water supply. The optimal control logic which is suitable for cascade heat pump was designed and the verification of control logic was conducted. The optimized PI controller based on the genetic algorithm showed enhanced performance than conventional PI tuning method.1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Literature survey 11
1.3 Objectives and scopes 19
2. Determination of the refrigerant charge on cascade system 21
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Single cycle charge optimization 23
2.2.1 System description and experimental apparatus for single cycle 23
2.2.2 Test conditions, data reduction and uncertainty of measurements 24
2.2.3 Test results and discussion 30
2.2.4 Simulation results for single cycle and discussion 37
2.3 Cascade cycle charge optimization 49
2.3.1 System description and experimental apparatus for cascade cycle 49
2.3.2 Test conditions, data reduction and uncertainty of measurements 50
2.3.3 Test results and discussion 51
2.3.4 Simulation results for cascade cycle and discussion 64
2.4 Conclusion 69
3. Optimal intermediate temperature on cascade system 71
3.1 Introduction 71
3.2 System description and experimental apparatus 72
3.2.1 System description 72
3.2.2 Experimental apparatus and test procedure 74
3.2.3 Test conditions, data reduction and uncertainty of measurements 78
3.3 Numerical analysis of optimum intermediate temperature 80
3.4 Experimental analysis of optimum intermediate temperature 85
3.4.1 Characteristics of cascade system 85
3.4.2 Experimental results for heating capacity change 90
3.4.3 Experimental results for water inlet temperature change 93
3.4.4 Experimental results for ambient temperature change 96
3.4.5 Validation of numerical analysis 98
3.5 Conclusion 101
4. Performance characteristics of cascade heat pump with regard to water temperature lift 102
4.1 Introduction 102
4.2 Performance of cascade heat pump performance with water temperature lift 103
4.2.1 System description and experimental apparatus 103
4.2.2 Test conditions, data reduction and uncertainty of measurements 104
4.2.3 Test results and discussion 111
4.3 Effect of water temperature lift on optimaum intermediate temperature 124
4.3.1 Optimum intermediate temperature and test conditions 124
4.3.2 Test results and discussion 128
4.4 Effect of water temperature lift on transient performance 134
4.4.1 Transient heat pump performance and test conditions 134
4.4.2 Test results and discussion 135
4.5 Conclusion 140
5. Optimized control logic of cascade heat pump 142
5.1 Introduction 142
5.2 System identification 144
5.2.1 Input signal for the system identification 145
5.2.2 System model determination 153
5.3 Optimization of controller with genetic algorithm 157
5.4 Performance of optimized PI controller 163
5.4.1 Transient performance of cascade heat pump 163
5.4.2 Ziegler-Nichols PI controller 168
5.4.3 Gengitc algorithm PI controller 169
5.5 Conclusions 173
6. Concluding remarks 175
References 177
Abstract (in Korean) 185Docto