35 research outputs found

    A Study on the Optimum Design of Exoskeleton Applied to a Gravity Compensator

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    This paper is about the design of a new gravity compensator for the exo-skeleton device. The exo-skeleton device is developed for increasing the torque of the human body joint for the purpose of helping the disabled or military soldiers. So far, most exo-skeleton device has been actuated by the motors, but motors are limited in energy such that a short durability is always a big problem. In this paper, a new exo-skeleton device applying the gravity compensator is proposed to reduce the torque load applied to human body joint. The applied gravity compensator is designed using a tortional bar spring, and its structure and characteristics are studied. The performance of the gravity compensator is studied through a kinematics simulation. Also the design of the exo-skeleton device is presented.제 1 μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  1.1 연ꡬ λ°°κ²½ 1.2 연ꡬ 동ν–₯ 1.3 연ꡬ λͺ©μ  제 2 μž₯ ν† μ…˜λ°”λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 쀑λ ₯보상기 ꡬ성과 μ„±λŠ₯ 2.1 기쑴의 쀑λ ₯보상기 2.2 ν† μ…˜λ°”λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•œ 쀑λ ₯보상기 ꡬ성 2.3 ν† μ…˜λ°”λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•œ 쀑λ ₯λ³΄μƒκΈ°μ˜ 역학해석 제 3 μž₯ 쀑λ ₯보상기 적용 κ·Όλ ₯보쑰기ꡬ의 ꡬ성 3.1 μ‚¬μš©λŒ€μƒ 및 κ΄€μ ˆμš΄λ™ λ²”μœ„ 쑰사 3.2ν•˜μ§€ κ·Όλ ₯보쑰기ꡬ의 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ ꡬ성 3.3ν•˜μ§€ κ·Όλ ₯보쑰기ꡬ의 κ΄€μ ˆ 기ꡬ뢀 ꡬ성 3.3.1κ³ κ΄€μ ˆ 기ꡬ뢀 ꡬ성 3.3.2λ¬΄λ¦Žκ΄€μ ˆ 기ꡬ뢀 ꡬ성 3.3.3가변링크 ꡬ성 제 4 μž₯쀑λ ₯보상기λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•œ κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ μž‘μš©ν† ν¬ 해석 4.1 쀑λ ₯보상기λ₯Ό μ μš©ν•œ κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ μž‘μš© 토크 해석 4.1.1각 κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ κ΄€μ„±λͺ¨λ©˜νŠΈ κ°€μ • 및 해석 4.1.2각 κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ 각속도 및 각가속도 해석 4.1.3 각 κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ κ΄€μ„±λ ₯에 μ˜ν•œ 토크해석 4.1.4 ν•˜μ€‘μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 각 κ΄€μ ˆμ˜ 토크 해석 4.1.5 쀑λ ₯보상기 보상λ ₯ 적용 토크 해석 제 5 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  및 ν–₯ν›„κ³„νš μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έ

    Numerical Analysis Study on Optimum Pillar Recovery Condition of Limestone Mine by Sublevel Stoping

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    졜근 κ΅­λ‚΄ 광산은 ν™˜κ²½λ¬Έμ œμ™€ λ²•μ κ·œμ œ κ°•ν™”μ˜ 영ν–₯으둜 κ°±μ™Έμ±„κ΄‘μ—μ„œ κ°±λ‚΄μ±„κ΄‘μœΌλ‘œ μ „ν™˜λ¨μ— 따라 κ³΅λ™μ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ„±μ΄ μœ μ§€λœ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ 효율적인 채광이 주된 관심사가 되고 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” κ΅­λ‚΄ λ‚΄λ₯™μ§€λ°© μ„νšŒμ„ κ΄‘μ‚°μ—μ„œ 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 채광법 μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ 쀑단채광법에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ μ ˆν•œ 채광 κ³„νšμ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ¨Όμ € 쀑단 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 간격을 κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ΄‘μ£Όμ˜ 폭과 넓이에 λ”°λ₯Έ κ΄‘μ£Όμ—μ„œμ˜ 응λ ₯집쀑을 ν•΄μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒ κ΄‘μ‚°μ˜ μ±„κ΄‘κ³„νšμ„ ν† λŒ€λ‘œ FLAC3Dλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 3차원 μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ΄‘μ£Όμ˜ 회수 λ°©ν–₯, μ—°μ†λœ 2개 및 3개 κ΄‘μ£Ό 회수 등에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν•΄μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒ κ΄‘μ‚° κ³΅λ™μ˜ μΈ‘λ²½κ³Ό κ΄‘μ£Όμ—μ„œ μ†Œμ„±μ˜μ—­μ΄ λ°œμƒν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆκ³ , λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³΄μ•ˆκ΄‘μ£Όμ˜ 높이에 λ”°λ₯Έ 해석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€μƒκ΄‘μ‚°μ—μ„œ μ μ ˆν•œ κ΄‘μ£Ό νšŒμˆ˜κ³„νšμ„ κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ±„κ΄‘μ‹œ κ΄‘λ§₯ 경사에 λ”°λ₯Έ 갱도 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 비ꡐ κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 연ꡬ결과 μ„νšŒμ„κ΄‘μ‚°μ—μ„œ 쀑단채광법 μ μš©μ‹œ κ³΅λ™μ˜ 폭과 높이에 λ”°λ₯Έ 응λ ₯집쀑과 경사에 λ”°λ₯Έ 영ν–₯을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ λ³΄μ•ˆκ΄‘μ£Όλ₯Ό μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ 섀계 ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλœλ‹€.Abstract 초 둝 1. μ„œ λ‘  1.1 연ꡬ배경 1.2 쀑단채광법 및 μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒκ΄‘μ‚° 1.3 연ꡬ방법 및 적용λͺ¨λΈ 2. λ³Έ λ‘  2.1 쀑단간격 κ²€ν†  2.1.1 κ΄‘μ£Όμ—μ„œμ˜ 응λ ₯집쀑 2.1.2 μ§€λ°˜λͺ¨λΈλ§ 및 μž…λ ₯λ³€μˆ˜ 2.1.3 기쑴자료 κ²€ν†  2.1.4 응λ ₯해석 2.2 κ΄‘μ£Ό 회수 κ³„νš κ²€ν†  2.2.1 μΈ‘μ••κ³„μˆ˜ κ²°μ • 2.2.2 μ§€λ°˜λͺ¨λΈλ§ 2.2.3 회수방ν–₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ 해석 2.2.4 2개 및 3개 κ΄‘μ£Ό 연속 회수 2.2.5 λ³΄μ•ˆκ΄‘μ£Ό 높이에 λ”°λ₯Έ 채광 2.2.6 κ΄‘λ§₯ 경사에 λ”°λ₯Έ 비ꡐ 3. κ²°λ‘  μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έ

    Prospective, Randomized and Controlled Trial on Ketamine infusion during Bilateral Axillo-Breast Approach (BABA) Robotic or Endoscopic Thyroidectomy : Effects on postoperative pain and recovery profiles

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ˜ν•™κ³Ό, 2017. 2. μœ μ •ν¬.Background Robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy using bilateral axillo-breast approach(BABA) is frequently performed for excellent cosmesis. However, postoperative pain is remained as concerns due to the extent tissue dissection and tension during the operation. Ketamine is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist that reduces acute postoperative pain. We evaluated the effects of intraoperative ketamine infusion on postoperative pain control and recovery profiles following BABA robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy. Methods Fifty-eight adult patients scheduled for BABA robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy were randomized into a control group (n = 29) and ketamine group (n o= 29). Following induction of anesthesia, patients in each group were infused with the same volume of saline or ketamine solution (1 mg/kg bolus, 60 ΞΌg/kg/h continuous infusion). Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil was used to induce and maintain anesthesia. Painscores (101-point numerical rating scale, 0 = no pain, 100 = the worst imaginable pain), the consumption of rescue analgesics, and other postoperative adverse effects were assessed at 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h postoperatively. Results Patients in the ketamine group reported lower pain scores than those in the control group at 6 h (30 [30] vs. 50 [30]P = 0.017), 24 h (20 [10] vs. 30 [20]P < 0.001), and 48 h(10 [10] vs. 20 [15]P < 0.001) in neck area. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the requirements for rescue analgesics or the occurrence of adverse events. Conclusion Intravenous ketamine infusion during anesthesia resulted in lower postoperative pain scores following BABA robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy, with no increase in adverse events.Introduction 1 Methods 3 Results 7 Discussion 14 References 17 Abstract in Korean 20Maste

    A study on Loss Mitigation

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : λ²•κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ 법학과, 2018. 8. κΉ€ν˜•μ„.μ±„λ¬΄λΆˆμ΄ν–‰ λ˜λŠ” λΆˆλ²•ν–‰μœ„μ˜ ν”Όν•΄λ‹Ήμ‚¬μž(μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ±„κΆŒμž)λŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ μž…μ€ 손해λ₯Ό 배상받을 ꢌ리λ₯Ό κ°–μ§€λ§Œ, ν”Όν•΄λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžκ°€ μ§€λ°°Β·ν†΅μ œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ˜μ—­ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 합리적인 쑰치λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ 손해λ₯Ό κ²½κ°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ†ν•΄μ˜ ν™•λŒ€λ₯Ό 방지할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ ν”Όν•΄λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ 손해 경감 λ˜λŠ” ν™•λŒ€ 방지 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜λ„λ‘ 법이 μœ λ„ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 정당화될 수 있고 μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œλ„ 효율적이라고 생각해볼 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이읡상황을 μ˜λ―Έλ²•μ—μ„œλŠ” μ±„κΆŒμžμ˜ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό λͺ…μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ •ν•˜κ³  λΆ€λ‹Ήν•΄κ³ , λ¬Όν’ˆλ§€λ§€, 신체침해 λ“± 각쒅 μ‚¬μ•ˆμ— κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ νŒλ‘€λ“€μ„ μΆ•μ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 1) μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄, 2) 이미 경감된 μ†ν•΄μ˜ νšŒλ³΅λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯, 3) ν•©λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μΆœλœ λΉ„μš©μ˜ νšŒλ³΅μ΄λΌλŠ” μ„Έ 가지 μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ”μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ 원칙은 기본적으둜 μ˜λ―Έλ²•μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€λ§Œ, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μ˜λ―Έλ²• μ΄μ™Έμ˜ λ²•μ œλ“€μ—μ„œλ„ 손해경감이 λ¬Έμ œλ˜λŠ” 이읡상황듀에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 각자의 법체계 ν•˜μ—μ„œ ꡬ체적 타당성 μžˆλŠ” 결둠을 λ„μΆœν•΄μ™”μ„ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ˜μ‹μ„ 가지고 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΉ„κ΅λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ, μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ 인정에 κ°€μž₯ μ†Œκ·Ήμ μΈ ν”„λž‘μŠ€λŠ”, μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ— κ΄€ν•œ λͺ…λ¬Έ κ·œμ •μ΄ μ—†κ³  νŒŒκΈ°μ›(Cour de Cassation)μ—μ„œλ„ λΆˆλ²•ν–‰μœ„μ˜ ν”Όν•΄μžμ˜ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό λͺ…μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€μ •ν•˜μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ, ν•­μ†Œλ²•μ›λ“€μ—μ„œ 손해경감이 λ¬Έμ œλ˜λŠ” 이읡상황듀을 인과관계 λ˜λŠ” μ†ν•΄μ˜ 직접성을 λΆ€μ •ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ‹ μ˜μ„±μ‹€μ˜ 원칙을 μ›μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ‹œλ„κ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 독일은 곡동과싀(Mitverschulden)에 κ΄€ν•œ 민법 제254쑰에 ν”Όν•΄μžκ°€ 손해λ₯Ό νšŒν”ΌΒ·κ²½κ°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 경우λ₯Ό λͺ…λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  있으며, νŒλ‘€μƒμœΌλ‘œλ„ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ μœ„λ°˜μ˜ 경우 배상앑을 μ œν•œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 그리고 μœ λŸ½κ³„μ•½λ²•μ›μΉ™μ—μ„œλŠ” μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ 원칙 및 λŒ€μ²΄κ±°λž˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ λͺ…λ¬Έκ·œμ •λ“€μ„ 두고 있으며, κ΅­μ œλ¬Όν’ˆλ§€λ§€κ³„μ•½μ— κ΄€ν•œ μœ μ—”ν˜‘μ•½(CISG)은 μ±„λ¬΄λΆˆμ΄ν–‰μ˜ 경우 νŠΉμ •μ΄ν–‰κ΅¬μ œμ±…(Specific Remedies)을 μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ μΈμ •ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ™μ‹œμ— μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ— κ΄€ν•œ λͺ…λ¬Έκ·œμ •μ„ 두고 μžˆλ‹€. 우리 민법은 ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ— κ΄€ν•œ λͺ…λ¬Έκ·œμ •μ„ 두고 μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ‚˜, 기본적으둜 μ±„κΆŒμžκ°€ μ†ν•΄μ˜ ν™•λŒ€μ—λ§Œ κΈ°μ—¬ν•œ 경우λ₯Ό 제396쑰의 과싀상계 μ‚¬μœ λ‘œ ν¬ν•¨μ‹œμΌœ ν•΄μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  있고, μΈκ³Όκ΄€κ³„μ˜ 문제 λ˜λŠ” ν†΅μƒμ†ν•΄Β·νŠΉλ³„μ†ν•΄μ˜ 문제둜 보아 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” νŒλ‘€λ“€λ„ μƒλ‹Ήμˆ˜ μžˆλ‹€. 손해배상앑 μ‚°μ • κΈ°μ€€μ‹œκΈ°μ— κ΄€ν•œ νŒλ‘€λ“€μ„ λΉ„λ‘―ν•˜μ—¬ 신체침해, 물건 멸싀에 λ”°λ₯Έ νœ΄μ—…μ†ν•΄, λΆ€λ‹Ήν•΄κ³ , 물건 μˆ˜λ¦¬λΉ„μš©μ˜ μ§€μΆœ, λŒ€μ²΄κ±°λž˜ λΆˆμ΄ν–‰, μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ˜ μ†Œμš”λΉ„μš©μ˜ 배상청ꡬ λ“± μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‚¬μ•ˆ μœ ν˜•λ“€μ—μ„œ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ— κ΄€ν•œ λͺ…μ‹œμ Β·λ¬΅μ‹œμ  고렀듀을 빈번히 μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€. μœ„μ™€ 같은 연ꡬ결과듀을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 이 κΈ€μ—μ„œλŠ” 우리 λ―Όλ²•μ—μ„œμ˜ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ— κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬ μ„Έ 가지λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•œλ‹€. 첫째둜, 우리 νŒλ‘€λŠ” 신체침해 μ‚¬μ•ˆκ³Ό 같이 λͺ…μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό μΈμ‹ν•˜μ—¬ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ μ‚¬μ•ˆλ“€ 외에도 λ§Žμ€ 손해배상 μ‚¬κ±΄λ“€μ—μ„œ μ±„κΆŒμžμ˜ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ˜ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ±„κΆŒμžμ—κ²Œ 사싀상 μš”κ΅¬λ˜λŠ” μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ†’μŒμ„ μ œμ‹œν•œλ‹€. 특히 μ±„λ¬΄λΆˆμ΄ν–‰κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬, 우리 λ²•μ œλŠ” λŒ€λ₯™λ²•κ³„와 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ΄ν–‰λΆˆλŠ₯이 μ•„λ‹Œ ν•œ 본래 κΈ‰λΆ€μ˜ 이행청ꡬλ₯Ό 원칙적인 κ΅¬μ œμˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ ν­λ„“κ²Œ μΈμ •ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„, 그와 λ™μ‹œμ— μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ˜ κ΅­λ©΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έλ²•κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ ν­λ„“κ²Œ μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” λ²•μ œλΌκ³  보아야 ν•œλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έλ‘œ, 우리 νŒλ‘€λŠ” 손해경감이 λ¬Έμ œλ˜λŠ” 이읡상황을 과싀상계, 상당인과관계, ν†΅μƒμ†ν•΄Β·νŠΉλ³„μ†ν•΄μ˜ μ„Έ 가지 법리적 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ°, μ΄λŠ” μœ„ μ„Έ 가지 λ²•κ°œλ…μ΄ 각각 λ…μžμ μΈ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 기본적으둜 νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ λΆˆμ΄ν–‰μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ κ²½κ°λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν™•λŒ€λœ 손해 뢀뢄이 νŠΉμ • κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”, 과싀상계λ₯Ό 함에 μžˆμ–΄ λΉ„μœ¨μ  감앑을 ν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” ν•΄λ‹Ή 손해앑 뢀뢄을 μ •ν™•νžˆ νŠΉμ •ν•˜μ—¬ κ°μ•‘ν•˜λŠ” 싀무적 λ…Έλ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, 손해배상앑 μ‚°μ •μ˜ κΈ°μ€€μ‹œκΈ° λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ™€ λ°€μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 적극 κ²€ν† λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 이에 따라 μ‚΄ν”Όκ±΄λŒ€, 기본적으둜 ν˜„μž¬ λ‹€μˆ˜μ„€κ³Ό νŒλ‘€κ°€ μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” μ±…μž„μ›μΈλ°œμƒμ‹œμ„€μ΄ νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€. 그리고 ꡬ체적으둜, 1) μ΄ν–‰μ§€μ²΄μ˜ 경우, 이행 졜고 ν›„ 상당 κΈ°κ°„ κ²½κ³Όμ‹œμ— ν•΄μ œκΆŒ 및 μ „λ³΄λ°°μƒμ²­κ΅¬κΆŒμ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜κ³  계약이 λΆˆμ΄ν–‰λ˜μ–΄ ν•΄μ œλ  κ°€λŠ₯성이 κ°κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ†’μ•„μ§€λ―€λ‘œ ν•΄μ œκΆŒ 행사 여뢀와 상관없이 이행 졜고 ν›„ 상당 κΈ°κ°„ κ²½κ³Όμ‹œλ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 2) 이행기 μ „ μ΄ν–‰κ±°μ ˆμ˜ 경우, μ±„κΆŒμžλ‘œμ„œλŠ” 적어도 본래 μ΄ν–‰κΈ°κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ±„λ¬΄μžμ˜ 이행을 계속 기닀릴 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이고 이행기가 λ„κ³Όν•˜λ©΄ 채무가 μ‹€ν˜„λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ΄ κ°κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦λŒ€λœ κ²ƒμ΄μ–΄μ„œ μ±„κΆŒμžκ°€ λΆˆμ΄ν–‰μ— λŒ€λΉ„ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œλ³Έλž˜μ˜ 이행기λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λ˜, 본래 μ΄ν–‰κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μ±„λ¬΄μžμ˜ 이행을 계속 κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” 것이 μ •λ‹Ήν•œ μ΄μœ κ°€ μ—†λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” μ˜ˆμ™Έμ μΈ κ²½μš°λŠ” μ΄ν–‰κ±°μ ˆμ‹œλ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 3) 그리고 이행기 ν›„ μ΄ν–‰κ±°μ ˆμ˜ 경우, μ΄ν–‰κ±°μ ˆμ΄ μžˆκΈ°λ„ 전인 본래의 이행기λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•  μ—¬μ§€λŠ” μ—†κ³  μ΄ν–‰κ±°μ ˆμ‹œλ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€. μ£Όμš”μ–΄ : μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ 원칙, μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄, 합리적인 μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ˜, 과싀상계, 상당인과관계, ν†΅μƒμ†ν•΄Β·νŠΉλ³„μ†ν•΄, λŒ€μ²΄κ±°λž˜, 손해배상앑 μ‚°μ • κΈ°μ€€μ‹œμ , νœ΄μ—…μ†ν•΄, 수술의무λͺ© μ°¨ 제 1 μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  1 제 2 μž₯ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ 원칙에 κ΄€ν•œ 비ꡐ법적 κ²€ν†  4 제 1 절 μ„œλ‘  - κ²€ν† μ˜ λ°©ν–₯ 4 제 2 절 μ˜λ―Έλ²•μƒ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ 원칙 4 제 1 κ΄€ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ μ›μΉ™μ˜ λ‚΄μš© 4 1. μ„œλ‘  4 2. μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ 5 3. 이미 경감된 μ†ν•΄μ˜ νšŒλ³΅λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ 14 4. ν•©λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μΆœλœ λΉ„μš©μ˜ 회볡 14 제 2 κ΄€ μ˜λ―Έλ²• νŒλ‘€ μ†Œκ°œ 15 1. 뢀당해고와 재고용 μ œμ•ˆ 15 2. λ¬Όν’ˆ λ§€λ§€κ³„μ•½μ—μ„œμ˜ λŒ€μ²΄κ±°λž˜μ˜λ¬΄ 18 3. 신체침해 μ‚¬μ•ˆ 20 4. 기타 μ‚¬μ•ˆλ“€μ—μ„œ μš”κ΅¬λ˜λŠ” μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ˜ 21 5. νšŒν”Όλœ 손해(Avoided Loss) 23 6. 비합리적인 쑰치의 μˆ˜ν–‰μ— κ΄€ν•œ νŒλ‘€ 28 제 3 κ΄€ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ μ›μΉ™μ˜ μ μš©λ²”μœ„ 31 1. μ±„λ¬΄λΆˆμ΄ν–‰κ³Ό λΆˆλ²•ν–‰μœ„ 31 2. 이행기 μ „ μ΄ν–‰κ±°μ ˆμ˜ 특수문제 32 제 4 κ΄€ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ μ›μΉ™μ˜ 논리적 κ·Όκ±° 46 1. μΈμ„Όν‹°λΈŒμ˜ 문제 46 2. μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ μžμ›μ˜ λ‚­λΉ„ 방지 47 3. 이타적 의무(Altruistic Duty) 48 4. 곡평관념(Fairness) 50 제 3 절 기타 λ²•μ œλ“€μ—μ„œμ˜ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ 원칙 50 제 1 κ΄€ ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜ νƒœλ„ 50 1. 일반둠 50 2. ν•­μ†Œλ²•μ›μ˜ νŒκ²°λ“€ 52 3. νŒŒκΈ°μ›(Cour de Cassation)의 두 판결 54 제 2 κ΄€ λ…μΌμ˜ νƒœλ„ 57 1. κ΄€λ ¨ μ‘°ν•­ 57 2. λ…μΌμ—μ„œμ˜ μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ±…μž„ 경감과 곡동과싀 58 3. κ΄€λ ¨ νŒλ‘€ 59 제 3 κ΄€ μœ λŸ½κ³„μ•½λ²•μ›μΉ™ 64 1. μœ λŸ½κ³„μ•½λ²•μ›μΉ™μ˜ 의의 64 2. μ†ν•΄μ˜ 경감 65 3. λŒ€μ²΄κ±°λž˜ 69 제 4 κ΄€ κ΅­μ œλ¬Όν’ˆλ§€λ§€κ³„μ•½μ— κ΄€ν•œ μœ μ—”ν˜‘μ•½(CISG) 71 1. κ΄€λ ¨ μ‘°ν•­ 71 2. ν˜‘μ•½ κ°œκ΄€ 및 λ…Όμ˜μ˜ 핡심 71 3. CISG상 μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ˜ ꡬ체적 λ‚΄μš© 75 4. μ΄ν–‰μ²­κ΅¬κΆŒ λ“± λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅¬μ œμˆ˜λ‹¨κ³Ό μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ 81 5. 이행기 μ „μ˜ κ³„μ•½μœ„λ°˜κ³Ό μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ 83 제 4 절 μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ 원칙과 급뢀이읡 84 1. μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ 원칙이 급뢀이읡을 μΉ¨ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”κ°€? 84 2. 급뢀이읡 λ³΄ν˜Έμˆ˜λ‹¨κ³Ό μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ κ°„μ˜ 상관관계 87 제 3 μž₯ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œμ˜ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜ 원칙 91 제 1 절 μ„œλ‘  91 제 2 절 우리 λ―Όλ²•μ˜ 해석둠과 μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ 94 1. 과싀상계(민법 제396μ‘°) 94 2. 인과관계 및 μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ˜ λ²”μœ„(민법 제390μ‘°, 제393μ‘°) 97 3. 손해앑 μ‚°μ • κΈ°μ€€μ‹œκΈ°μ˜ 문제 102 4. 2004λ…„ 민법 κ°œμ •μ•ˆκ³Ό μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ 107 제 3 절 μ‚¬μ•ˆμœ ν˜•λ³„ νŒλ‘€ 뢄석 및 κ²€ν†  108 제 1 κ΄€ 손해배상앑 μ‚°μ •μ˜ κΈ°μ€€μ‹œκΈ° 108 1. νŒλ‘€μ˜ νƒœλ„ 108 2. μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ νŒλ‘€κ°€ κ°–λŠ” ν•¨μ˜ 113 3. 손해배상앑 μ‚°μ • κΈ°μ€€μ‹œκΈ°μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ κ²€ν†  114 제 2 κ΄€ 신체침해 μ‚¬μ•ˆμ—μ„œμ˜ 수술의무 121 제 3 κ΄€ νœ΄μ—…μ†ν•΄ 123 1. μ˜μ—…μš© μž¬μ‚°μ˜ λ©Έμ‹€ 124 2. λΆ€λ‹Ήν•΄κ³  130 제 4 κ΄€ μˆ˜λ¦¬λΉ„μš©μ˜ μ§€μΆœ 132 1. 물건의 κ΅ν™˜κ°€μΉ˜ λ²”μœ„ λ‚΄λ‘œ 손해앑 μ œν•œ 132 2. 손해앑이 μ œν•œλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 사정 133 제 5 κ΄€ λŒ€μ²΄κ±°λž˜ λΆˆμ΄ν–‰ 135 제 6 κ΄€ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ˜ μ†Œμš”λΉ„μš©μ˜ 배상 138 제 7 κ΄€ 기타 μ‚¬μ•ˆμœ ν˜•λ“€ 139 1. λ‹¨μ „κΈˆμ§€κ°€μ²˜λΆ„ 사건 139 2. 토지 μž„λŒ€μ°¨κ³„μ•½ μ΄ν–‰λΆˆλŠ₯κ³Ό κ³΅μ‚¬λΉ„μš©μ§€μΆœ 142 3. ꡐ톡사고 ν”Όν•΄μžμ˜ νŠΉμ‹€ μž…μ›κ³Ό μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ 147 4. λΉ„λ‹ν•˜μš°μŠ€ 단전 사건 148 제 4 절 우리 νŒλ‘€μ˜ 뢄석에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ‹œμ‚¬μ  150 1. μ±„κΆŒμžμ—κ²Œ μš”κ΅¬λ˜λŠ” μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ‘°μΉ˜μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€ 150 2. μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ μœ„λ°˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 법리ꡬ성 153 3. μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄ μœ„λ°˜μ„ 직ꢌ으둜 κ³ λ € κ°€λŠ₯ν•œμ§€ μ—¬λΆ€ 157 제 4 μž₯ κ²° λ‘  158 1. μ±„κΆŒμžμ˜ μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ— κ΄€ν•œ 잠재된 μΈμ‹λ“€μ˜ 발견 158 2. μ†ν•΄κ²½κ°μ˜λ¬΄μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” 이둠적 ν‹€ 159 3. 손해앑 μ‚°μ •μ˜ κΈ°μ€€μ‹œκΈ° - μ„ νƒμ΄λ‘ κ³Όμ˜ μ‘°ν™” 162 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 165 Abstract 179Maste

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :물리학뢀,2007.Docto

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 산업·쑰선곡학뢀, 2015. 2. μ„±μš°μ œ.ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬λŠ” μ„ λ°• μ†ŒμŒμ§„λ™μ˜ μ£Όμš”ν•œ μš”μΈμ΄λ©°, νƒ‘μŠΉκ°κ³Ό μŠΉλ¬΄μ›μ˜ κ±°μ£Ό μ•ˆλ½μ„±μ— 큰 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉœλ‹€. 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ΅°ν•¨μ˜ 경우 피탐 μ„±λŠ₯κ³Ό κΉŠμ€ 관련을 κ°–κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 섀계 초기 단계에 ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬μ˜ μ„±λŠ₯이 νŒŒμ•…λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°, 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λͺ¨ν˜• ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ μ‹œν—˜μ΄ κ³΅λ™ν„°λ„μ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 기쑴에 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ λͺ¨ν˜•μ‹œν—˜ λ˜λŠ” μ‹€μ„  μ‹œν—˜ν‰κ°€μ‹œ 음ν–₯μ„Όμ„œλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ μ†ŒμŒμ˜ μŒμ•• μˆ˜μ€€μ„ κ³„μΈ‘ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ‹œκ°μ μΈ 관찰을 λ³΄μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” μ œν•œμ μΈ μš©λ„μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 음ν–₯학적인 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 보면 μ„Όμ„œλ°°μ—΄μ„ 톡해 κ³„μΈ‘λœ 음ν–₯μ‹ ν˜ΈλŠ” ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ μŒμ›μ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ 상뢀 선체에 맀립된 음ν–₯μ„Όμ„œ λ°°μ—΄μ—μ„œ κ³„μΈ‘λœ ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬μ˜ 음ν–₯μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 기반으둜 μˆ˜μ€‘μŒν–₯ν•™μ—μ„œ μŒμ›μœ„μΉ˜ μΆ”μ • λ˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μΈμž 역산에 널리 적용되고 μžˆλŠ” μ •ν•©μž₯μ²˜λ¦¬κΈ°λ²•μ„ μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ†ŒμŒμ› 정보λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ” 기법을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ μ†ŒμŒμ˜ λ°œμƒμ›λ¦¬λ₯Ό 기반으둜 μŒμ› λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ†ŒμŒμ› ν˜•νƒœμ— 따라 μƒμ΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” ν˜‘λŒ€μ—­ λ˜λŠ” κ΄‘λŒ€μ—­ 음ν–₯μ‹ ν˜Έμ— μ •ν•©μž₯처리 기법을 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μŒμ›μ˜ 정보λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 λ‹€μŒμ˜ 두 가지 μ—°κ΅¬λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆλ‹€. μš°μ„ , 곡동이 λ°œμƒλ˜κΈ° 이전단계에 선체 변동압λ ₯의 μ£Όμš” μš”μΈμ΄λΌ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ 비곡동 μ†ŒμŒμ›μ˜ 해석적 λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ—¬ μŒμ›μ„ λͺ¨λΈλ§ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ •ν•©μž₯ 역산기법을 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μŒμ›μΈμžλ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•œ ν›„ 이둜 μΈν•œ 선체 변동압λ ₯을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ„μΆœλœ μ—­μ‚°κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 톡해 비곡동 μ†ŒμŒμ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” ν•˜μ€‘μ†ŒμŒκ³Ό λ‘κ»˜μ†ŒμŒμ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ 비곡동 μ†ŒμŒμ˜ λ‚ κ°œν†΅κ³Όμ£ΌνŒŒμˆ˜μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” ν˜‘λŒ€μ—­ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ „λ‹¬ν•¨μˆ˜λŠ” ν„°λ„λ‚΄μ˜ μž”ν–₯음과 λ°˜μ‚¬νŒŒλ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 음ν–₯κ²½κ³„μš”μ†Œλ²•μ„ μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이후 μˆ˜μ€‘ λ°©μ‚¬μ†ŒμŒμ˜ μ£Όμš” 원인이라 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ³΄ν…μŠ€ μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜μ˜ 초기 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μΆ”μ •ν•˜λŠ” μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ΄‘λŒ€μ—­ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” λ³΄ν…μŠ€ μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜μ˜ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ κ΄‘λŒ€μ—­ μ •ν•©μž₯μ—­μ‚° 기법을 μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 볡제음μž₯ κ³„μ‚°μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ„ μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 직접 μž…μ‚¬νŒŒλ§Œμ„ μ „λ‹¬ν•¨μˆ˜λ‘œ μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ œμ•ˆλœ 기법듀은 λŒ€ν˜• κ³΅λ™ν„°λ„μ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν–‰λœ λͺ¨ν˜•μ‹œν—˜μ„ 톡해 κ²€μ¦λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 이λ₯Ό 톡해 섀계 μ΄ˆκΈ°λ‹¨κ³„ ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬μ˜ λΉ„κ³΅λ™μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ 선체 변동압λ ₯을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ κ΄‘λŒ€μ—­ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” μ΄ˆμƒ λ³΄ν…μŠ€ κ³΅λ™μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ •μ—λ„ 효율적으둜 μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 특히, μ œμ•ˆλœ μ΄ˆμƒμΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ • κΈ°λ²•μ˜ 경우 μ‹€μ„  μ μš©μ‹œ 선체 ν•˜λΆ€μ— 관츑창을 μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜λ˜ 기쑴의 μ‹œκ°μ μΈ μœ„μΉ˜ 좔정기법을 λŒ€μ²΄ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, μ‹œκ°ν™” 이전에 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ΄ˆμƒμΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜ μΆ”μ •μ—μ„œ 적용 κ°€λŠ₯함을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.λͺ© μ°¨ 초둝 ii λͺ©μ°¨ iv κ·Έλ¦Ό λͺ©μ°¨ vii ν‘œ λͺ©μ°¨ xiii β… . μ„œ λ‘  1 1. 연ꡬ배경 및 λͺ©μ  1 2. λ…Όλ¬Έ ꡬ성 3 β…‘. ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ 비곡동 μ†ŒμŒμ› μ—­μ‚° 및 변동압λ ₯ μΆ”μ • 기법 4 1. μ—°κ΅¬κ°œμš” 4 2. 기쑴연ꡬ 뢄석 5 3. 비곡동 μ†ŒμŒμ› μ—­μ‚° 및 변동압λ ₯ μΆ”μ • 절차 10 4. ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ 비곡동 μ†ŒμŒμ› λͺ¨λΈλ§ νŠΉμ„± 12 4.1. 비곡동 μ†ŒμŒμ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜ 12 4.2. λ‚ κ°œ ν•˜μ€‘μ†ŒμŒ λͺ¨λΈ 16 4.2.1 μ†ŒμŒμ› νŠΉμ§• 및 ν˜•νƒœ 16 4.2.2 해석적 μŒμ› λͺ¨λΈ μ œμ•ˆ 17 4.3. λ‚ κ°œ λ‘κ»˜μ†ŒμŒ λͺ¨λΈ 20 4.3.1 μ†ŒμŒμ› νŠΉμ§• 및 ν˜•νƒœ 20 4.3.2 해석적 μŒμ› λͺ¨λΈ μ œμ•ˆ 21 4.4. ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ 비곡동 μ†ŒμŒμ˜ 해석적 λͺ¨λΈ 24 5. ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ 비곡동 μ†ŒμŒμ› μ—­μ‚° 26 5.1. μ—­μ‚°μΈμž λ„μΆœ 26 5.2. 음ν–₯κ²½κ³„μš”μ†Œλ²•μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ 볡제음μž₯ 생성 28 5.3. μ •ν•©μž₯ 역산기법 32 5.3.1 μ •ν•©μž₯ ν”„λ‘œμ„Έμ„œ 32 5.3.2 μ΅œμ ν™” 기법 35 6. λͺ¨ν˜•μ„  μ‹€ν—˜κ²°κ³Ό 37 6.1 μ‹€ν—˜ ν™˜κ²½ 및 계츑 μ‹ ν˜Έ 37 6.2 μ—­μ‚° κ²°κ³Ό 40 6.3 선체 변동압λ ₯ μΆ”μ • κ²°κ³Ό 46 β…’. μ΄ˆμƒ λ‚ κ°œλ λ³΄μ˜€ν…μŠ€ μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ • 기법 54 1. 연ꡬ κ°œμš” 54 2. 기쑴연ꡬ 뢄석 56 2.1. λ³΄ν…μŠ€ μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ 음ν–₯νŠΉμ„± 연ꡬ 56 2.1.1 단일 λ‚ κ°œμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” λ³΄ν…μŠ€ μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ 56 2.1.2 단일 λ‚ κ°œμ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” λ³΄ν…μŠ€ μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ 59 2.2. ν”„λ‘œνŽ λŸ¬ μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ •κΈ°λ²• 60 3. μ΄ˆμƒ μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ • 절차 64 3.1. μŒμ„ λ²• 기반 볡제음μž₯ 생성 65 3.2. κ΄‘λŒ€μ—­μ •ν•©μž₯ 역산기법 68 4. κ°€μƒμŒμ›μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜ 검증 72 4.1. μ‹€ν—˜ν™˜κ²½ 및 쑰건 72 4.2. μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ • κ²°κ³Ό 74 4.3. λ‹€μ€‘λ°˜μ‚¬ 영ν–₯ κ²€ν†  78 5. λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ -β…  μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 81 5.1. μ‹€ν—˜ν™˜κ²½ 및 쑰건 81 5.2. μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ •μ„ μœ„ν•œ 관심 주파수 λŒ€μ—­ μ„ μ • 84 5.3. μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ • κ²°κ³Ό 86 6. λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ -β…‘ μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 88 6.1. μ‹€ν—˜ν™˜κ²½ 및 쑰건 86 6.2. μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ •μ„ μœ„ν•œ 관심 주파수 λŒ€μ—­ μ„ μ • 91 6.3. μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ • κ²°κ³Ό 93 6.4. μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ • κ²°κ³Ό 기반 μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ λ°œμƒ ν˜„μƒ 뢄석 99 6.4.1 μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ ν˜•νƒœ λΆ„λ₯˜ 및 주파수 νŠΉμ„± 99 6.4.2 μΊλΉ„ν…Œμ΄μ…˜ ν˜•νƒœ 및 λ°œμƒ 상황별 μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ • κ²°κ³Ό 103 6.5. μ„Όμ„œ μˆ˜λŸ‰ κ°μ†Œμ— λ”°λ₯Έ μœ„μΉ˜μΆ”μ • 영ν–₯ κ²€ν†  110 β…£. κ²° λ‘  114 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 116 뢀둝.A. λ‚ κ°œ ν•˜μ€‘μ†ŒμŒμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ μ••λ ₯μž₯ 123 뢀둝.B. λ‚ κ°œ λ‘κ»˜μ†ŒμŒμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ μ••λ ₯μž₯ 133 뢀둝.C. 음ν–₯κ²½κ³„μš”μ†Œλ²• 145 Abstract 156Docto

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    Studies on the performance characteristics and system optimization of cascade heat pump

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 기계항곡곡학뢀, 2014. 2. κΉ€λ―Όμˆ˜.In this study, the studies of cascade heat pump performance characteristics and optimization for heating and hot water supply in extremely cold region were conducted. In general, conventional heat pump water heater system shows a limited performance at low ambient temperature whereas the heating demand increases. In order to increase the water discharge temperature, multi-stage cycle was suggested and among the multi-stage cycle, cascade cycle shows the best performance at high condensing temperature condition. In order to increase the cascade performance at low ambient temperature, R410A refrigerant which is suitable for low temperature application was adopted in bottoming cycle. The R134a refrigerant which has a higher critical temperature was adopted in topping cycle to increase the water discharge temperature. In order to increase the cascade system efficiency, several attempts were conducted. The determination of optimal refrigerant charge amount was studied by numerical simulation and experiment. The optimized coefficient of performance was obtained at the optimal charge amount condition and its corresponding degree of subcool at each cycle was suggested. The intermediate temperature which determines the pressure ratio of each cycle was also optimized by numerical anaysis based on the reverse-Carnot model. The verification of optimized numerical intermediate temperature was conducted by experiment and numerical intermediate temperature well predicted the experimental optimal intermediate temperature. The performance characteristics of cascade heat pump with water temperature lift at condenser were conducted by experiment. Despite of several advantages of heat pump than conventional boiler, slower thermal response is the weakness of heat pump water heater system. In order to increase the water discharge temperature, mass flow rate of water should be reduced. In case of decreasing water mass flow rate, the performance characteristics of cascade heat pump were obtained. The fast response of heat pump system is the key issue for hot water supply. The optimal control logic which is suitable for cascade heat pump was designed and the verification of control logic was conducted. The optimized PI controller based on the genetic algorithm showed enhanced performance than conventional PI tuning method.1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Literature survey 11 1.3 Objectives and scopes 19 2. Determination of the refrigerant charge on cascade system 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Single cycle charge optimization 23 2.2.1 System description and experimental apparatus for single cycle 23 2.2.2 Test conditions, data reduction and uncertainty of measurements 24 2.2.3 Test results and discussion 30 2.2.4 Simulation results for single cycle and discussion 37 2.3 Cascade cycle charge optimization 49 2.3.1 System description and experimental apparatus for cascade cycle 49 2.3.2 Test conditions, data reduction and uncertainty of measurements 50 2.3.3 Test results and discussion 51 2.3.4 Simulation results for cascade cycle and discussion 64 2.4 Conclusion 69 3. Optimal intermediate temperature on cascade system 71 3.1 Introduction 71 3.2 System description and experimental apparatus 72 3.2.1 System description 72 3.2.2 Experimental apparatus and test procedure 74 3.2.3 Test conditions, data reduction and uncertainty of measurements 78 3.3 Numerical analysis of optimum intermediate temperature 80 3.4 Experimental analysis of optimum intermediate temperature 85 3.4.1 Characteristics of cascade system 85 3.4.2 Experimental results for heating capacity change 90 3.4.3 Experimental results for water inlet temperature change 93 3.4.4 Experimental results for ambient temperature change 96 3.4.5 Validation of numerical analysis 98 3.5 Conclusion 101 4. Performance characteristics of cascade heat pump with regard to water temperature lift 102 4.1 Introduction 102 4.2 Performance of cascade heat pump performance with water temperature lift 103 4.2.1 System description and experimental apparatus 103 4.2.2 Test conditions, data reduction and uncertainty of measurements 104 4.2.3 Test results and discussion 111 4.3 Effect of water temperature lift on optimaum intermediate temperature 124 4.3.1 Optimum intermediate temperature and test conditions 124 4.3.2 Test results and discussion 128 4.4 Effect of water temperature lift on transient performance 134 4.4.1 Transient heat pump performance and test conditions 134 4.4.2 Test results and discussion 135 4.5 Conclusion 140 5. Optimized control logic of cascade heat pump 142 5.1 Introduction 142 5.2 System identification 144 5.2.1 Input signal for the system identification 145 5.2.2 System model determination 153 5.3 Optimization of controller with genetic algorithm 157 5.4 Performance of optimized PI controller 163 5.4.1 Transient performance of cascade heat pump 163 5.4.2 Ziegler-Nichols PI controller 168 5.4.3 Gengitc algorithm PI controller 169 5.5 Conclusions 173 6. Concluding remarks 175 References 177 Abstract (in Korean) 185Docto
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