45 research outputs found

    Language Policies of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan: From Nationalism to Multiculturalism

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    λ‹€λ―Όμ‘±ο½₯λ‹€λ¬Έν™” μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ 톡합과 μ‘°ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ λ…Έλ ₯κ³Ό λ³€ν™”μ˜ 효과λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μΌν™˜μœΌλ‘œ, 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄μ •μ±…κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ •μ±… 변동에 λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹€μ œ 1991λ…„μ˜ μ†Œλ ¨ 해체 이후 ν‚€λ₯΄κΈ°μŠ€μŠ€νƒ„곡화ꡭ(the Republic of Kyrgyzstan)의 κ΅­κ°€ ν˜•μ„±κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λŒ€λ‘λœ 민쑱주의적 μ–Έμ–΄μ •μ±…μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ¬Έν™” μ–Έμ–΄μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œμ˜ μ „ν™˜μ„ ν†΅ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒν†΅ν•©μ˜ μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ μ°ΎλŠ”λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ‹€λ―Όμ‘±μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ κ°ˆλ“±λ¬Έμ œμ™€ λ‹€λ¬Έν™” μ–Έμ–΄μ •μ±…μ˜ 뢄석을 μœ„ν•΄ κ΄€λ ¨ 이둠듀을 λ…Όμ˜ν•œ 후에, ꡬ체적으둜 ν‚€λ₯΄κΈ°μŠ€μŠ€νƒ„μ˜ 역사적 λ°°κ²½κ³Ό 닀민쑱적 ꡬ성 ν˜„ν™©, κ΅­κ°€ ν˜•μ„±κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό κΈ°λŠ₯, 그리고 λ‹¨μΌμ–Έμ–΄μ •μ±…μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ μ„ μ§€μ ν•˜κ³  λ‹€λ¬Έν™” μ–Έμ–΄μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œμ˜ μ „ν™˜μ„ λ…Όμ˜ν•œλ‹€. ν‚€λ₯΄κΈ°μŠ€μŠ€νƒ„μ˜ 민쑱적 μ–Έμ–΄ κ°ˆλ“±μ€ λΆ„λ¦¬μ£Όμ˜μ  언어정책에 μ˜ν•΄ μœ λ„λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 민주적 κ±°λ²„λ„ŒμŠ€λ₯Ό 지ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λΆ„λ¦¬μ£Όμ˜μ  μ–Έμ–΄μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‹€λ¬Έν™” μ–Έμ–΄μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œμ˜ μ „ν™˜μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν‚€λ₯΄κΈ°μŠ€μŠ€νƒ„ μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ λ³΄λŠ” 바와 같이, 일반적으둜 닀인쒅ο½₯λ‹€λ―Όμ‘± μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ 닀문화정책은 μ†Œμˆ˜λ―Όμ‘±μ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ 인ꢌ 보호 λͺ©μ μ— 잘 μ μ‘ν•˜λŠ” 것과 λ™ν™”μ£Όμ˜ λ˜λŠ” λΆ„λ¦¬μ£Όμ˜ 정책보닀도 더 μ‚¬νšŒν†΅ν•©μ„ μ„±μ·¨ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 보여쀀닀. This research aims at contributing to the discussion of multicultural policies by analyzing the efforts of language policies for social integration and harmony in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. After its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Kyrgyzstan adopted a nationalistic monolingual policy in the process of state-building, making the majority Kyrgyz language the official language of the state. In the mid-1990s, Kyrgyzstan changed from the monolingual policy to a bilingual policy, declaring the Russian language an official language, too. This study traces the process of transformation to multicultural language policies and finds the policy implications. It deals with analytical theories, language conflicts, nationalism, and post-Soviet state-formation in Kyrgyzstan. It finds that ethno-linguistic conflicts in Kyrgyzstan were provoked by the state's policies that differentiated between languages and consequently required a shift from nationalist to multicultural language policies. It also suggests that multicultural policies are well adjusted to fulfill human rights standards pertaining to minorities and more likely to attain social integration in multiethnic societies than assimilationist and differentialist policies

    Enhancement of Territorial Representation in the Electoral Redistricting for the 20th National Assembly Election

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    이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 2014λ…„ 10μ›” ν—Œμž¬μ— μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ ν™•λ¦½λœ 인ꡬ편차 2:1 기쀀에 λΆ€ν•©ν•˜κ³  λ™μ‹œμ— μ§€μ—­λŒ€ν‘œμ„±μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ°•ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ³΅μ •ν•œ μ„ κ±°κ΅¬νšμ •μ˜ λ‹Ήμœ„μ„±μ„ μ œκΈ°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ, 선거ꡬ ν˜•μƒμ˜ μ‘°λ°€μ„±κ³Ό 지역곡동체성(행정ꡬ역, μƒν™œκΆŒ λ“±) λ“± μ§€μ—­λŒ€ν‘œμ„±μ„ ν–₯상할 수 μžˆλŠ” 기쀀을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ„ κ±°κ΅¬νšμ • λ°©ν–₯을 λ…Όμ˜ν•œλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 첫째, μ„ κ±°κ΅¬νšμ •μ˜ 곡정성 확보λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ œλ„κ°œν˜μ˜ 이둠적 λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ , ν—Œμž¬μ˜ 2:1 인ꡬ편차 기쀀에 따라 λ°œμƒν•  선거ꡬ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν•œλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, κ³Όκ±° ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ„ κ±°κ΅¬νšμ • λ…Όμ˜μ—μ„œ 쟁점이 λ˜μ–΄ μ™”λ˜ 핡심 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ νƒμƒ‰ν•œλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, μ„ κ±°κ΅¬μ˜ μ§€μ—­λŒ€ν‘œμ„±μ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ°©ν–₯을 λ…Όμ˜ν•œλ‹€. ꢁ극적으둜 쀑립적 μ„ κ±°κ΅¬νšμ • 기관이 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ κ°–κ³  지리적인 μƒν™œκ³΅λ™μ²΄(λ™μ§ˆμ„±)λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 인ꡬ수, μ§€ν˜•μ— λ‹€λ₯Έ 선거ꡬ ν˜•μƒμ˜ μ‘°λ°€μ„± 등을 κ³ λ €ν•˜κ³ , κΆŒμ—­λ³„ λΉ„λ‘€λŒ€ν‘œμ œ λ„μž…μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ§€μ—­λŒ€ν‘œμ„±μ„ 보완할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” μ„ κ±°κ΅¬νšμ •μ•ˆμ„ μž‘μ„±ν•˜κ³ , κ΅­νšŒλŠ” 이λ₯Ό μ΅œμ’… νšμ •μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 κ°œν˜ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.This study addresses the necessity of fair redistricting to fulfill the current population deviation criterion of 2:1 recently established by the Constitutional Court and improving the characteristics of territorial representation. In order to discuss the direction of redistricting for the 20th General Election, this study examines the standards that can enhance representation, such as compactness of electoral district shape and maintenance of local communities like administrative districts and living areas. First, the study examines the theoretical discussion of institutional reforms to ensure fair redistricting and then explores the changes in the number of electoral districts that can occur with the 2:1 criterion. Second, it tracks key issues of population and territorial representation, which have been disputed in Korean redistricting efforts. Third, it discusses ways to strengthen territorial representation of electoral districts. Specifically, this study suggests the need for an independent redistricting commission to prepare a redistricting proposal with adequate time that considers geographical characteristics such as local community solidarity, equal population, and compactness of shape when drawing the boundaries of electoral districts. The adoption of a regional proportional representation system would improve territorial representation. The National Assemblys role in adopting these redistricting proposals as final ones is an important step in the direction for reform

    Self-regulation of Internet Under the Current Political Circumstance

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    Rationalizations of Internet Contents Regulation

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