The development of technology on improving the production system to remediate the salted soil in green and net house cultivation

台灣的設施蔬菜生產對台灣調節惡劣氣候的菜價有大貢獻，然而設施栽培常面臨高鹽分累積限制其蔬菜栽培。田菁的品系相當多台灣以往主要注重在其為重要綠肥作物。然而越來越多國家採用田菁做鹽分地改良及鹽分地利用的重要植物，因此，本研究其利用田菁作為溫網室鹽分去除作物且可做為綠肥，希望一舉兩得。The housing vegetable in Taiwan is a very important gorwing system to ease the pressure of high vegetable price during serious weather, especially the heavy rain which comes more often in recent years. However the accumulation of salt in housing plantation system is a serious problem in liminting the growth of most vegetables. Sesbania scop. has about 70 species, and there are wild type in Taiwan. The planting of sesbania is usauaaly focused on their nitrogen fixing potential and species are known as good green manures. Nowadays some countries already have noticed on their potential in desalination of salt affected soils. This study will introduce the sesbania in housing vegetable growing system for removing the extra salt and supplying as organic fertilizer as well

The Development of Organic and Chemical Mixing Fertilizer for the Grafting of Pear Tree (I)

高接梨已經是台灣一個相當重要之產業，一般越早上市價格越高，因此農民普遍提早接穗，然而由於提早接穗遇寒流時會造成成功率低而需要重複接穗，提高相當高之成本。為求提高梨產量，農民往往施肥過度，造成落果及腐爛嚴重，尤其雨季，所以如何改善其栽培管理方法以降低農民成本及提高收益相當重要。本研究即朝解決此二問題研究。The production of pear from high grafting of pear flower bud on lowland pear tree has been an important farm practices. The higher price with the earlier market makes the farmers doing the grafting as early as possible. The early grafting will face the high risk because the cold wind lows down the success ratio of grafting bud, and the heavy rain in April and May also damage the pear. How to increase the grafting success rate and decrease the rain damage are quite crucial to the profit reward from the production system. The objectives of this research will focus on the two problems by making foliar fertilizers and appropriate fertilization strategy to improve the profit from the growing system

The Study on the Decrease of Nitrogen Loss of Chicken Manure with an Appropriate Management System

Chicken manure contains high nutrients for crop. However, farmers are preferred to use the non-composted manure which makes a serious sanitary problem. One of the most important reason for farmers use non-composted chicken manure is the nitrogen loss reduced fertilizer value of chicken manure.The aims of this study will focus on reducing of length of composting period without reducing of sanitary concerned but can keep most of the nitrogen in the compost. The efficiency of fertilizer value of the short composting manure will be evaluated by pot experiment. The shorten of the composting period will reduce the loss of nitrogen during composting, it also decrease the energy consuming.雞糞是含高量植物養分的農業廢棄物，農民相當喜好使用。然而農民偏好使用未經發酵雞糞造成許多田間衛生問題。農民偏好未經發酵雞糞的一重要因素是雞糞經堆肥化後氮濃度損失多。因此，如何降低雞糞堆肥化時間以降低氮損失，又可兼顧施用後田間衛生的一合理處理方式是相當重要

The Development of Organic and Chemical Mixing Fertilizer for the Grafting (II)

高接梨已經是台灣一個相當重要之產業，一般越早上市價格越高，因此農民普遍提早接穗，然而由於提早接穗遇寒流時會造成成功率低而需要重複接穗，提高相當高之成本。為求提高梨產量，農民往往施肥過度，造成落果及腐爛嚴重，尤其雨季，所以如何改善其栽培管理方法以降低農民成本及提高收益相當重要。本研究即朝解決此二問題研究。The production of pear from high grafting of pear flower bud on lowland pear tree has been an important farm practices. The higher price with the earlier market makes the farmers doing the grafting as early as possible. The early grafting will face the high risk because the cold wind lows down the success ratio of grafting bud, and the heavy rain in April and May also damage the pear. How to increase the grafting success rate and decrease the rain damage are quite crucial to the profit reward from the production system. The objectives of this research will focus on the two problems by making foliar fertilizers and appropriate fertilization strategy to improve the profit from the growing system

建立肥料檢驗之標準作業程序及重新檢討修正肥料檢驗方法

世界先進國家越來越重視肥料的品質和環境安全的關係。對於肥料的主要、次要及微量要素及重金屬濃度的控制有賴精準的分析方法及分析品質管制。本計畫目的希望於三年的時間完成肥料分析方法步驟以提供政府更新我國肥料分析方法同時建立符合國際ISO17025的分析精神。第一年在於收集比對美、日、歐等國肥料分析方法和我國現有分析方法，並以複合肥料(包括有機複合肥料)為例，建立肥料養分成分及重金屬分析方法的標準分析方法，並對相關單位人員講習訓練分析方法並比對分析結果。The concerning of the use of fertilizers on environmental quality and safety has been increased by industrialized countries. In order to approach the goal, the establishment of accuracy analysis processes for fertilizer components, including primary, secondary, and micronutrients and heavy metals, is a crucial step. We expected to update my country's fertilizer analysis processes to follow the ISO17025 system in the three years project. In the first year we will collect the fertilizer official analysis methods from American, Japan, and European union. After the comparison of these countries' analysis method with my country's current method, we will establish some standard operation procedures (SOP) for the analysis of primary, secondary, and micronutrients and heavy metal concentrations in compound fertilizers including compound organic fertilizers. The training courses for operation personnel are also planned in this project including the testing with standard samples

A Study on Organic Fertilizer Making for Organic Farming Pak-Choi Cultivation

一、 計畫目標: 本計畫目標是以小白菜為題材研究有機栽培用有機質肥料使避免農田因長期施用不正確有機質肥料而劣化降低收成.二、 重要工作項目: 本研究之第一年原擬製作C/N比10、15、及20之有機肥, 然而由於氮源主要用大豆粕, 碳源用太空包及稻殼等高木質素有機廢棄物, 在每星期只翻堆一次下, 其不同材料之均勻性可能不足, 造成氮之損失過大( 40-60% ).第二年度研究發現增加翻堆頻率, 可提高有機碳礦化率, 也確實提高氮回收率.用廢太空包取代蔗渣或用味素廢液取代豆粉提高氮回收率及有機肥製成率.本年度: 1.有機肥料製作: 本年度研究目的使用味素廢液降低雞糞堆肥廢pH及降低其氮之損失.處理及方法: A組用雞糞和蔗渣調製起始不同C/N值20、30、40之堆肥, 每三天翻堆一次.B組處理, 用味素廢液取代部分雞糞( 0、20、40、60、80% )和蔗渣, 將起始C/N值調30每三天翻堆一次製成堆肥.2.盆栽試驗: 將( 一 )中所製作有機肥料, 選其中四種堆肥同前一年之研究做盆栽試驗求以上所製作有機肥料之肥效, 並以化學肥料處理及完全不施肥處理做對照, 求有機肥肥效及養分回收率, 以做為推薦用量之依據.3.分析及調查工作: ( 1 )、有機肥製作過程中每隔一週採樣分析有機肥堆肥化過程中養分成分之變化.( 2 )、盆栽試驗: a.調查小白菜產量及養分吸收狀況.b.分析土壤化學性質之變化.三、 預期效益: 預期了解種植蔬菜用有機肥料製作時材料之選擇; 翻堆期間、成分之損失量、及肥效.A.The aim of this project: The aim of this project was to develop a principle to make organic fertilizer that is suitable to growing vegetables in organic farming farm.B.Results drawn from the first year showed that nitrogen losses were very serious during composting using soybean powder and bagasses.The loss situation of nitrogen during composting could be improved if glutamate wastes and mushroom medium were used to instead of bagasses.C.Material and methods proceeded in this year project: Composting: ( A )Chicken manure is used instead of soybean powder to compost with bagasses to make organic fertilizer to find the nitrogen loss rates in different C/N ratio composting material.( B )Glutamate waste is also used in composting to evaluate its effect on lowering pH and nitrogen loss in composting.Pot experiment: Pot experiment is carried out to evaluate the Pai-choi aim organic fertilizer on Pai-choi production and soil qualities.D.Effectiveness expected: A vegetable aim organic fertilizer is helpful for organic farming in growing vegetables and decreases the negative impact of using organic fertilizer on soil qualities