Migration and transformation of anthropogenic platinum group elements in environment:A review

铂族元素(PGEs)在汽车尾气催化转换器(VECs)、工业催化剂和制药学领域的广泛应用,致使PGEs尤其是铂(Pt)、钯(Pd)和铑(Rh)在某些区域已经成为新型环境污染物.由于环境样品中Pt/Pd、Pt/Rh与VECs中活性成分比例有较好的相关性,因此PGEs污染主要来源于应用了铂族金属的VECs.研究显示,过去的30年里,气溶胶、水生态系统(河水、雨水、地下水、海水、沉积物)、土壤、路尘和生物有机体等不同环境介质中PGEs浓度均显著增加.人们普遍认为铂族元素是惰性的,暴露于环境中的PGEs的健康风险很小,但PGEs毒性和生物可利用性的研究表明,在多种生物地球化学过程作用下,人为排放的PGE..

Advances in trace platinum group elements speciation and preconcentration of chelate resins in seawater

海水中铂族元素(PGEs)的含量和赋存形态与其生物地球化学行为及生态风险密切相关,但如何确定海水中PGEs的含量和形态一直是研究的难点.螯合树脂对特定元素和特定配体结构的识别特性为突破这一瓶颈提供了可能.因此,本文综述了海水中铂族元素赋存形态的研究现状,讨论了螯合树脂吸附铂族元素的机理,并对比了不同类型螯合树脂对铂族元素的富集.结果表明:海水中PGEs的无机络合形态主要由MCl_3OH~(2-)/MCl_4~(2-)(M= Pt、 Pd)及M(OH)_3~(3-n)(n= 3~6) (M=Rh)组成;螯合树脂对PGEs的不同络合形态有一定的识别性;氮-硫型螯合树脂是研究实际条件下海水中PGEs的理想树脂

Inorganic Carbon Formation in the Surface Sediments of the Major Coastal Rivers along the North West Side of Bohai Bay

【目的】调查渤海湾西北部沿岸河流表层沉积物中不同形态无机碳(IC)的分布和影响因素,阐明我国近岸不同环境沉积物中IC分布形态的异同和调控机制。【方法】采用连续浸取方法,根据IC在沉积物中的结合强度,将其分为交换态(氯化钠相)、弱碱结合态(氨水相)、强碱结合态(氢氧化钠相)、弱酸结合态(盐酸羟胺相)和残渣态,分析表层沉积物中不同形态的IC含量,并讨论其与各地球化学参数之间的关系。【结果】渤海湾西北部沿岸河流表层沉积物中总IC的平均含量为6.76mg/g。沉积物中各相IC的平均含量为盐酸羟胺相(3.21mg/g)>残渣相(1.92 mg/g)>氨水相(0.77 mg/g)>氯化钠相(0.64 mg...【Objective】The environmental behavior and mobility of inorganic carbon(IC)depend strongly on their specific chemical forms and binding state.This study investigated the specific chemical forms of IC in the surface sediments collected from the coastal rivers along the Bohai Bay.【Methods】Sediment samples were extracted sequentially using solutions of sodium chloride(NaCl),ammonia(NH3·H2O),sodium hydroxide(NaOH),hydroxylamine hydrochloride(NH2OH·HCl),resulting in five fractions:Exchangeable fraction(NaCl fraction),weak alkali extractable fraction(NH3·H2O fraction),strong alkali extractable fraction(NaOH fraction),weak acid extractable fraction(NH2OH·HCl fraction)and residual fraction.Geochemical factors affecting the IC content were discussed.【Results】The average IC content in surface sediments ofthe coastal rivers along the Bohai Bay was 6.76mg/g.The average content of IC in different fractions was NH2OH·HCl fraction(3.21mg/g)>residual fraction(1.92mg/g)>NH3·H2O fraction(0.77mg/g)>NaCl fraction(0.64 mg/g)>NaOH fraction(0.22 mg/g).NH2OH·HCl fraction was the main speciation of IC in sediments.Total organic carbon(TOC)had a strong impact on various IC fractions.The IC content extracted by NH3·H2O was closely related to sediment parameters.【Conclusion】The composition and distribution of different forms of inorganic carbon in the surface sediments of the studied area exhibited a significant spatial variation.In addition,a significant difference was found in the mobility of IC and the possible environmental parameters in the sediments from different sampling site

渤海湾北部和西部海域表层沉积物中无机碳形态研究

采用氯化钠(NaCl)、氨水(NH3.H2O)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)、盐酸羟胺(NH2OH.HCl)溶液对渤海湾北部和西部海域表层沉积物中无机碳进行了连续浸取,并将无机碳分为5种赋存形态:交换态(NaCl相)、弱碱结合态(NH3.H2O相)、强碱结合态(NaOH相)、弱酸结合态(NH2OH.HCl相)和残渣态。同时,结合沉积物其他地球化学参数,对影响各形态无机碳含量变化的因素进行了讨论。结果表明:研究区表层沉积物中NaCl相、NH3.H2O相、NaOH相、NH2OH.HCl相、残渣相无机碳的平均含量分别为0.66、0.86、0.23、2.56、0.46 mg/g。NaOH相无机碳占总无机碳的比例最小,约为5%;NH2OH.HCl相的比例最大,在50%左右。无机碳的不同形态及沉积物地球化学参数之间的相关关系分析表明,NH3.H2O相受沉积物含水率、总氮(TN)、总有机碳(TOC)和沉积物细组分的影响极为显著,NaOH相受沉积物TN和TOC的影响极为显著,残渣相受含水率的影响较为显著,其余2相受各因素的影响较弱;在沉积物早期成岩过程中,NaCl相和残渣相无机碳之间可能存在一定相互转化关系

Feed additive and preparation method thereof

本发明公开了一种饲料添加剂及其制备方法，其组分及质量百分含量为：动物蛋白40％～70％，黏土矿物10％～20％，壳聚糖0.5％～1％，氢氧化铝0.1％～1％，其余为辅料。本发明提供一种富含动物蛋白且对食用动物体无副作用、无残留的饲料添加剂及其制备方法，以克服现有饲料中的化学成分残留及营养成分单一的问题，并有利于改善环境，减少污水排放

Exchange fluxes of nutrients across sediment-water interface in the Muping Marine Ranch and its adjacent waters in autumn

In this research,the surface sediment samples were collected from the Muping Marine Ranch and its adjacent area in November 2017.The exchange fluxes of nutrients across the sediment-water interface were estimated by a laboratory incubation method.In addition,the effects of dissolved oxygen and temperature on the fluxes were also studied.The results indicated that the average exchange fluxes of NO2-N,NO3-N,NH4-N and PO4-P across sediment-water interface were 1.01,-181.91,-268.41 and-45.69 μmol/（m2·d）,respectively.The sediments acted as a "source" of NO2-N and a "sink" of NO3-N,NH4-N and PO4-P.Both dissolved oxygen and temperature had obvious influence on the fluxes.The results showed that the fluxes of NO2-N,NH4-N and PO4-P were higher in the aerobic situation than in the anoxic situation,while that of NO3-N showed the opposite trend; the fluxes of NO2-N,NO3-N and NH4-N were higher at a higher temperature,but that of PO4-P was opposite to them

FRACTIONATION OF INORGANIC CARBON IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF DAYA BAY AND SISHILI BAY AREAS

采用连续浸取法对位于亚热带的大亚湾和温带的四十里湾附近海域的表层沉积物样品中无机碳的赋存形态进行了研究,将无机碳分为可交换态(NaCl相)、弱碱浸取态(NH.3H2O相)、强碱浸取态(NaOH相)、弱酸浸取态(NH2OH.HCl相)和残渣态,测定了相关地球化学参数粒度组成和总有机碳(TOC).结果表明,NH2OH.HCl相无机碳是大亚湾和四十里湾附近海域表层沉积物中无机碳的主要存在形式,其平均含量分别占总无机碳的46.2%和86.8%.沉积物粒度是控制四十里湾附近海域表层沉积物中NaCl相、NH.3H2O相和NaOH相无机碳含量空间变化的重要因素;较高含量的粘土组分有利于大亚湾表层沉积物中NH.3H2O相和NaOH相无机碳的保存.TOC仅与大亚湾表层沉积物中的NaOH相无机碳和四十里湾附近海域表层沉积物中NaCl相无机碳具有显著的正相关关系,表明其总体上对这两个海域表层沉积物中无机碳的形态组成影响较弱. &nbsp

Fractionation of inorganic carbon in the surface sediments of northern and western Bohai Bay

采用氯化钠(NaCl)、氨水(NH3.H2O)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)、盐酸羟胺(NH2OH.HCl)溶液对渤海湾北部和西部海域表层沉积物中无机碳进行了连续浸取,并将无机碳分为5种赋存形态:交换态(NaCl相)、弱碱结合态(NH3.H2O相)、强碱结合态(NaOH相)、弱酸结合态(NH2OH.HCl相)和残渣态。同时,结合沉积物其他地球化学参数,对影响各形态无机碳含量变化的因素进行了讨论。结果表明:研究区表层沉积物中NaCl相、NH3.H2O相、NaOH相、NH2OH.HCl相、残渣相无机碳的平均含量分别为0.66、0.86、0.23、2.56、0.46 mg/g。NaOH相无机碳占总无机碳的比例最小,约为5%;NH2OH.HCl相的比例最大,在50%左右。无机碳的不同形态及沉积物地球化学参数之间的相关关系分析表明,NH3.H2O相受沉积物含水率、总氮(TN)、总有机碳(TOC)和沉积物细组分的影响极为显著,NaOH相受沉积物TN和TOC的影响极为显著,残渣相受含水率的影响较为显著,其余2相受各因素的影响较弱;在沉积物早期成岩过程中,NaCl相和残渣相无机碳之间可能存在一定相互转化关系。

Black carbon in core sediments near Sishili Bay

对采自于烟台四十里湾附近海域的4个沉积物柱状样进行了分析,测定了样品的粒度组成、总碳含量(TC)、总有机碳(TOC)含量及黑碳(BC)含量等参数。结果表明,所获得的4个柱状沉积物中有3个的BC含量随深度的增加而逐渐减少,其中离岸最远的E站最为明显,与社会经济的增长趋势较为一致。BC含量最高值为0.118%,出现在粒度较细且离岸较近的站位D中。BC∶TOC值大多在10%~20%范围内,为中国近海海域的中等水平。沉积物BC的含量与沉积物物理化学性质,采样点的地质环境状况等因素有关。人类活动如陆源污染物排放、城市建设及船舶排污等对烟台四十里湾附近海域的地质环境状况有着较强的影响。 &nbsp

Geochemical Characteristics of Nitrogen in Core Sediments from Sishili Bay,China

采用连续浸取法首次对烟台四十里湾柱状沉积物不同形态的氮进行分离;并对其垂直地球化学特征和影响因素进行分析研究.可转化态氮分为离子交换态氮(IEF-N)、弱酸浸取态氮(WAEF-N)、强碱浸取态氮(SAEF-N)、强氧化剂浸取态氮(SOEF-N).结果表明;在沉积物表层(0～10 cm)可转化态氮占总氮的26.14%;并随着深度的增加而含量降低.各形态氮占可转化态氮比例平均大小顺序为SOEF-N(89.7%)>IEF-N(7.97%)>WAEF-N(1.19%)>SAEF-N(1.14%);说明SOEF-N是可转化态氮中的绝对优势态.不同形态氮与沉积物地球化学参数之间的相关关系分析表明;沉积物含水率、总有机碳、pH值、氧化还原电位、粒度组成等因素在一定程度上影响各形态氮含量;但各站位柱状样因其沉积物特征不同受各参数影响程度也不同