Wide-Range Tunable Dynamic Property of Carbon Nanotube-Based Fibers

Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is formed by assembling millions of individual tubes. The assembly feature provides the fiber with rich interface structures and thus various ways of energy dissipation, as reflected by the non-zero loss tangent (>0.028--0.045) at low vibration frequencies. A fiber containing entangled CNTs possesses higher loss tangents than a fiber spun from aligned CNTs. Liquid densification and polymer infiltration, the two common ways to increase the interfacial friction and thus the fiber's tensile strength and modulus, are found to efficiently reduce the damping coefficient. This is because the sliding tendency between CNT bundles can also be well suppressed by the high packing density and the formation of covalent polymer cross-links within the fiber. The CNT/bismaleimide composite fiber exhibited the smallest loss tangent, nearly as the same as that of carbon fibers. At a higher level of the assembly structure, namely a multi-ply CNT yarn, the inter-fiber friction and sliding tendency obviously influence the yarn's damping performance, and the loss tangent can be tuned within a wide range, as similar to carbon fibers, nylon yarns, or cotton yarns. The wide-range tunable dynamic properties allow new applications ranging from high quality factor materials to dissipative systems

Vibration Damping of Carbon Nanotube Assembly Materials

Vibration reduction is of great importance in various engineering applications, and a material that exhibits good vibration damping along with high strength and modulus has become more and more vital. Owing to the superior mechanical property of carbon nanotube (CNT), new types of vibration damping material can be developed. This paper presents recent advancements, including our progresses, in the development of high-damping macroscopic CNT assembly materials, such as forests, gels, films, and fibers. In these assemblies, structural deformation of CNTs, zipping and unzipping at CNT connection nodes, strengthening and welding of the nodes, and sliding between CNTs or CNT bundles are playing important roles in determining the viscoelasticity, and elasticity as well. Towards the damping enhancement, strategies for micro-structure and interface design are also discussed

Bio-Inspired Aggregation Control of Carbon Nanotubes for Ultra-Strong Composites

High performance nanocomposites require well dispersion and high alignment of the nanometer-sized components, at a high mass or volume fraction as well. However, the road towards such composite structure is severely hindered due to the easy aggregation of these nanometer-sized components. Here we demonstrate a big step to approach the ideal composite structure for carbon nanotube (CNT) where all the CNTs were highly packed, aligned, and unaggregated, with the impregnated polymers acting as interfacial adhesions and mortars to build up the composite structure. The strategy was based on a bio-inspired aggregation control to limit the CNT aggregation to be sub 20--50 nm, a dimension determined by the CNT growth. After being stretched with full structural relaxation in a multi-step way, the CNT/polymer (bismaleimide) composite yielded super-high tensile strengths up to 6.27--6.94 GPa, more than 100% higher than those of carbon fiber/epoxy composites, and toughnesses up to 117--192 MPa. We anticipate that the present study can be generalized for developing multifunctional and smart nanocomposites where all the surfaces of nanometer-sized components can take part in shear transfer of mechanical, thermal, and electrical signals

Influence of the Soil Structure in Loess Hilly Region of Southern Ningxia Under Different Man-made Vegetation

应用分形维数和平均重量直径对宁南黄土丘陵人工植被下土壤团聚体的结构进行了分析,结果发现团聚体分形维数农田最大,山杏、沙棘和柠条其次,荒草地最小,分形维数与>0.25mm团聚体含量负相关。土壤团聚体平均重量直径柠条>沙棘>荒草地>山杏>农田,平均重量直径与>0.25mm团聚体含量成显著的正相关关系。植被恢复改善了土壤结构,提高土壤抗侵蚀能力。在评价土壤团聚体稳定性方面,分形维数与平均重量直径间的相关性较好

高性能碳纳米管纤维的制备方法

本发明涉及一种高性能碳纳米管纤维的制备方法,其具体为:从可纺丝碳纳米管阵列中拉出碳纳米管薄膜,其后将碳纳米管薄膜以热固型聚酰胺酸/N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液浸润,经加捻后形成碳纳米管/聚酰胺酸复合纤维,然后对碳纳米管/聚酰胺酸复合纤维进行固化处理,使该复合纤维中的聚酰胺酸形成具有网络状交联结构的聚酰亚胺,最终得到碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺复合纤维。本发明工艺简单便捷,成本低廉,易于实现规模化生产,且制得的碳纳米管复合纤维具有优越的力学性能,其强度可达2.06GPa,韧性优于碳纤维,导电性与纯碳纳米管纤维相比保持不变,同时还具备普通纱线的可操作性,可以满足拉伸、合股、织造等后续处理工艺的需要

The Study on the Potential of Utilization of Rainwater Resources in Semiarid Hilly Area of Southern Ningxia

根据宁南半干旱山区固原上黄试区土地利用现状和相关雨水集蓄资料,计算了试区雨水资源潜力,并对雨水资源开发利用潜力进行了初步分析。结果表明(1)试区雨水资源最大理论潜力为3211420m3,就地利用、异地利用和叠加利用三种利用方式的理论潜力比例分别为28.73%、15.83%和55.44%。(2)试区雨水资源可实现潜力量为3086185m3,占试区雨水资源理论潜力的96.07%。(3)目前试区雨水资源现实潜力为需水总量为1872302m3,占可实现供水量的60.67%。从试区雨水资源的可实现潜力来看,还有较大的开发利用潜力,应适当地扩大雨水资源利用规模和经济效益

Influence of Man-made Vegetation on Carbon Pool in Southern Ningxia Region in Loess Plateau

运用碳库管理指数分析了被恢复后宁南黄土丘陵区不同人工植被对土壤碳库的影响,结果表明植被恢复增加各个土层土壤有机碳含量,但是活性有机碳含量表现不同,草地减少,其他植被与农田土壤活性有机碳含量差异不大。随着栽植年限的延长,土壤有机碳含量在各个土层都增加,且在0～30cm土层内增加的幅度都比较大。但是年限并不能增加土壤活性有机碳含量,说明植被恢复年限增加的是土壤非活性有机碳。植被恢复提高了土壤碳库管理指数,其中天然草地增加更为明显

Changes of Soil Aggregate Organic Carbon During Process of Vegetation Restoration in Ziwuling

土壤有机碳是土壤团聚体形成的重要胶结剂之一,土壤团聚体分布影响有机碳含量及其稳定性。对子午岭植被恢复过程中团聚体有机碳含量变化的研究结果显示:相对于农田,植被恢复可增加土壤各个粒径团聚体有机碳含量,同时增加不同层次土壤团聚体有机碳含量。就粒径而言,虽然各个植被下<0.25 mm土壤团聚体有机碳含量最低,植被类型变化对土壤团聚体有机碳含量影响最大的是<0.25 mm粒径,辽东栎林地<0.25 mm土壤团聚体有机碳含量是农田<0.25 mm团聚体有机碳含量的3倍;其次,植被类型对>5 mm团聚体有机碳含量影响较大,辽东栎、早期森林、灌丛、草地和弃耕地土壤>5 mm团聚体有机碳含量比农田土壤>5mm团聚体有机碳含量高149%,209%,104%,62%,10%。说明植被演替可增加土壤团聚体有机碳含量,但首先是增加较大粒径团聚体的有机碳含量;随着植被的进一步演替,小粒径团聚体有机碳含量也相应的增加,这部分有机碳是稳定的,说明植被恢复增强了土壤的碳汇功能

Effects of Chattonella marina cell-free filtrate on bloom microalgae

实验模拟条件下,研究了海洋卡盾藻无细胞滤液对四种微藻生长的影响及其与东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的共培养。结果表明:卡盾藻无细胞滤液对三角褐指藻、东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻细胞的生长速率都有显著的抑制效应(P<0.01),而对中肋骨条藻的生长抑制作用较弱,当卡盾藻滤液在高浓度(15 mL、20 mL)/40 mL下,中肋骨条藻的生长才受到显著抑制,而低浓度下没有明显影响。海洋卡盾藻与甲藻的共培养明显促进了卡盾藻的生长,抑制了甲藻的生长,对东海原甲藻的抑制作用较强。共培养的结果可能是由于海洋卡盾藻与甲藻之间存在化感作用或营养盐竞争作用,而无细胞滤液对微藻的作用表明海洋卡盾藻对微藻产生化感效应。

Effects of Chattonella marina cell-free filtrate on bloom microalgae and co-culture of it and microalgae

实验模拟条件下,研究了海洋卡盾藻无细胞滤液对四种微藻生长的影响及其与东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的共培养。结果表明：卡盾藻无细胞滤液对三角褐指藻、东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻细胞的生长速率都有显著的抑制效应（P〈0.01）,而对中肋骨条藻的生长抑制作用较弱,当卡盾藻滤液在高浓度（15 mL、20 mL）/40 mL下,中肋骨条藻的生长才受到显著抑制,而低浓度下没有明显影响。海洋卡盾藻与甲藻的共培养明显促进了卡盾藻的生长,抑制了甲藻的生长,对东海原甲藻的抑制作用较强。共培养的结果可能是由于海洋卡盾藻与甲藻之间存在化感作用或营养盐竞争作用,而无细胞滤液对微藻的作用表明海洋卡盾藻对微藻产生化感效应