6 research outputs found

    Effects of disturbance of great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus)on soil

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    荒漠鼠类对植物群落、土壤特性有着显著影响。其采食显著影响着植被演替和被采食植物的丰富度。其掘洞影响着土壤的质地和结构、肥力、渗透性,这些环境因素的改变又影响着植被结构和物种组成。国外就荒漠鼠类扰动对土壤、植被的影响已经作了广泛、深入的研究,国内针对该领域的研究却少见报道。大沙鼠广泛分布于新疆准噶尔盆地,为荒漠地典型鼠种之一,其对荒漠植物群落和土壤的扰动效应尚不清楚。研究其对荒漠土壤和植物的影响有助于深入理解鼠类在荒漠生态系统生态过程中的作用。2005年9月~2006年5月,作者3次赴古尔班通古特沙漠采集土样和植物样方数据。利用常规实验室方法对比分析了10组大沙鼠洞区和对照区表层(0~5cm)、深层(20~30cm)土壤含水量、养分、盐分等20项指标的差异性。调查了大沙鼠洞区、过渡区、对照区的植物种类、密度、盖度,并利用方差分析比较其差异性。结果如下: 1) 大沙鼠的扰动,导致水分渗透能力发生变化。大沙鼠洞区表层土壤含水率低于无扰动对照区,深层高于对照区。 2) 大沙鼠掘洞、排泄导致土壤养分含量变化。洞区表层土壤全N、全P含量增加,全K、速效N、速效P、速效K含量降低;洞区深层土壤全N、全P、全K、速效N含量减少,速效P、速效K含量增加。 3) 大沙鼠的扰动促进了土壤微生物的发育,洞区土壤深层细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均高于对照区,其中真菌数量约为对照区的5倍。 4) 大沙鼠采食、掘洞行为促进了草本植物,尤其是一年生草本植物的发育,抑制了小半灌木的生长。 5) 大沙鼠的扰动改变了生物结皮的演替格局,导致生物结皮始终处于初级演替阶段。扰动程度的差异对生物结皮的种类、盖度产生不同的影响。Rats can strongly influence soil and vegetation in desert. In particular, they can affect vegetation succession and species richness by foraging. Also, the burrowing mammals can affect soil texture, fertility and penetrability which made patten of species richness and community structure changed. Despite considerable international research on soil and vegetation, the interactions of these desert rats with soil and vegetation have been received only limited attention in our country. Great gerbil is abroad distributed in sinkiang Zhungeer basin, however, little is known about the effect of great gerbil on plant community and soil. Therefore, to study the effect of great gerbil on soil and vegetation can help us further understand the contribution of rats’ activities to desert ecosystem. We sampled soil and vegetation during 2005 Sept. to 2006 May in Gurbantonggut desert. Using a paired sample design, We chose 10 burrows of great gebil and matched them ten locations in the matrix. It was used general laboratory measures to analyze soil moisture, nutrient and other 20 soil characters of surface layer (0~5cm) and deep layer (20~30cm). Also, using ANOVA, we compared the difference of plant species, density, coverage etc. among burrow sites, transition regions and control plot. The results as follows: a) Because of activities of great gerbil, soil water content changed. Soil moisture of surface layer tended to be lower for the burrowing sites, On the contrary,it was higher than random sites in deep layer. b) Soil nutrient content had changed considerable for the excavation and excretion of great gerbil. Totle nitrogen and phosphorus content of burrowing sites of surface layer have increased, however, total potassium, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have reduced. In the deep layer, the main effect was an increase of available phosphorus and potassium and a decrease of total nitrogen, phosphorus, total potassium and available nitrogen. c) Disturbance by great gerbil favored soil microorganisms. The quantities of bacteria, actinomycete and fungal colonies of burrowing sites were higher than random sites. Especially for fungi, the quantity was five times as many as that of random sites. d) The flora on burrowing sites was dominated by annuals. But the burrow system of rats was not advantageous to the growth of small shrubs. e) Great gerbil destroyed succession of biological crust and it was remained on the state of primary stage. The components and coverage of biological crust were influenced by disturbance in degree

    大沙鼠扰动对荒漠土壤微生物数量和水肥状况的影响

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    对比分析古尔班通古特沙漠10组大沙鼠(Rhombomys opimus)洞区和无沙鼠扰动对照区20~30 cm土层微生物各类群(真菌、细菌和放线菌)的数量分布,并比较土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明:大沙鼠的活动改变了洞区土壤水肥状况,有利于土壤微生物,尤其是真菌的生长发育。洞区土壤细菌(3.40×105±6.79×104个/g)、放线菌(7.52×104±1.11×104个/g)、真菌(5.03×103±2.05×103个/g)的数量均高于对照区(3.14×105±1.05×105个/g,6.04×104±1.65×104个/g,1.01×103±6.98×102个/g),(t=0.67,p>0.05;t=2.356,p0.05;t=0.052,p>0.05)

    荒漠生态系统鼠类对土壤和植被的扰动效应

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    干扰形成的斑块对荒漠生态系统时空异质性的维系和发展具有重要意义。鼠类作为生物干扰的重要代表,是荒漠生态系统斑块形成的主要来源,它们已从生理、形态、行为进化出一系列特点适应了荒漠生态系统的严酷环境,同时其挖掘、采食行为也深刻影响着荒漠生态系统的环境。本文主要从鼠类活动对土壤(包括土壤发生过程、土壤斑块的形成、土壤理化性质)和植物群落(包括物种多样性、生产力、植物种子)的扰动效应做了归纳总结,旨在阐明鼠类在荒漠生态系统中的作用

    放牧对准噶尔荒漠植物群落及土壤特性的影响

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    通过比较封育6年的围栏内外植物群落种类组成、结构差异,以及土壤特性,研究了家畜啃食对新疆准噶尔荒漠植物群落及土壤特性的影响。使用χ~2-test和U-test分析表明,围栏内外相比,植物种数(n=7.03)、半灌木种数(n=2.40)、草本植物种数(n=4.63)、植被盖度(35.77%)和生物量(144.19 g/m~2)在围栏内显著增加,而植被密度在围栏外显著降低(87.93株/ m~2)。灌木中,梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)在围栏内出现的频率和密度显著增加(χ~2=4.63,p<0.05;Z=2.56,p<0.05)。小半灌木中,博乐绢蒿(Seriphidium borotalense)在围栏内出现的频率和密度显著高于围栏外(χ~2=13.08,p<0.01;Z=4.01,p<0.01)。4种多年生草本植物的密度在围栏内均显著升高,有3种在围栏内出现的频率也同时明显高于围栏外。二年生草本植物沙生婆罗门参(Tragopogon sabulosus)在围栏内出现的频率和密度显著高于围栏外(χ~2=4.71,p<0.05;Z= 2.51,p<0.05)。4种一年生草本植物在围栏内外出现的频率均无显著差异,其中3种在围栏内外的密度也无明显变化。研究结果表明,过度放牧导致灌木和半灌木衰败;多年生和二年生草本植物几近绝迹;一年生植物所受影响则较小。土壤理化特性中,围栏内土壤水分显著低于围栏外(Z= 2.65,p<0.01),HCO_3~-、Cl~-和速效K含量在围栏内外土壤中差异显著。作者建议在准噶尔荒漠建立一定数量和面积的永久性围栏以维系物种多样性

    古尔班通古特沙漠区大沙鼠对荒漠植物群落的扰动效应

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    2006年5月,调查了大沙鼠洞区和对照区植物种类组成、盖度、密度、地上生物量,研究了大沙鼠对古尔班通古特沙漠植物群落物种组成和植被结构的影响。使用Mann-Whitney U检验表明,洞区植物种数(16.1)显著高于对照区(13.8)(Z=2.436,P<0.05);洞区半灌木种数(0.8)显著低于对照区(1.9)(Z=3.442,P<0.01)。受大沙鼠扰动影响,大沙鼠洞区植被平均盖度(2.40%±2.30%)显著低于对照区(14.46%±6.82%)(Z=3.63,P<0.01);大沙鼠洞区地上植物生物量(6.52g.m-2±6.30g.m-2)显著低于对照区(23.3g.m-2±12.85g.m-2,Z=3.708,P<0.01)。大沙鼠洞区Simpson指数(0.75±0.10,n=10)和Shannon-Wiener指数(0.78±0.12,n=10)显著高于对照区Simpson指数(0.61±0.16)和Shannon-Wiener指数(0.60±0.16)(t=2.362,P<0.05;t=2.948,P<0.01)。结果表明:大沙鼠的掘洞、采食行为能够提高古尔班通古特沙漠1年生植物的物种多样性,并导致半灌木衰败。洞区的植物群落在一定程度上显现出次生演替的特征

    准噶尔荒漠生物多样性及其与环境作用关系研究

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    一、项目简要说明: 准噶尔盆地荒漠是我国乃至世界温带荒漠的典型代表。本项目对准噶尔荒漠生物多样性现状进行了深入研究,对重要物种的濒危状况和生存现状进行评价,开展关键种和重要野生生物资源的保护生物学研究,并提出切实可行的保护策略;对重要生物类群之间的相互作用关系以及重要生物类群对环境的响应及适应机制进行研究。研究对于温带荒漠生物多样性的保育与可持续利用、维护生态环境安全具有重要的理论和现实意义。 出版专著2部、发表论文61篇。其中SCI收录14篇,共被引用43次;2篇被EI收录;42篇被CSCD收录,被引用66次,有两篇研究论文获奖。申请发明专利3项,软件登记1项。培养博士生..
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