一种应用于非损伤微测系统的Cu²⁺选择性微电极及其制备方法

本发明涉及一种微电极，特别是一种应用于非损伤微测系统的Cu2+选择性微电极及其制备方法。电极包括锥形玻璃微电极管，锥形玻璃微电极管腔内填充有膜后灌充液，锥形玻璃微电极管尖端部注有Cu2+液态离子交换剂LIX，锥形玻璃微电极管内安装有Ag/AgCl丝导线，锥形玻璃微电极管的管口用环氧树脂密封并固定Ag/AgCl丝。本发明通过非损伤微测系统可以实现对样品表面微观区域Cu2+浓度、流速及其运动方向等信息的实时、动态、无损检测，为生物和非生物材料表面Cu2+的微观过程和机制研究提供了一种新方法

Pb applied to non-damage micro-measurement system2 + Selective microelectrode and preparation method thereof

本发明涉及一种微电极及其制备，特别是一种应用于非损伤微测系统的Pb2+选择性微电极及其制备方法。锥形玻璃微电极管腔内填充有膜后灌充液，锥形玻璃微电极管尖端部注有Pb2+液态离子交换剂LIX，锥形玻璃微电极管内安装有Ag/AgCl丝导线，锥形玻璃微电极管的管口用环氧树脂密封并固定Ag/AgCl丝。本发明通过非损伤微测系统可以实现对样品表面微观区域Pb2+浓度、流速及其运动方向等信息的实时、动态、无损检测，为生物和非生物材料表面Pb2+的微观过程和机制研究提供了一种新方法

For the non-injuring the micrometering system of Cu2 + Selectivity micro-electrode and its preparation method

本发明涉及一种微电极，特别是一种应用于非损伤微测系统的Cu2+选择性微电极及其制备方法。电极包括锥形玻璃微电极管，锥形玻璃微电极管腔内填充有膜后灌充液，锥形玻璃微电极管尖端部注有Cu2+液态离子交换剂LIX，锥形玻璃微电极管内安装有Ag/AgCl丝导线，锥形玻璃微电极管的管口用环氧树脂密封并固定Ag/AgCl丝。本发明通过非损伤微测系统可以实现对样品表面微观区域Cu2+浓度、流速及其运动方向等信息的实时、动态、无损检测，为生物和非生物材料表面Cu2+的微观过程和机制研究提供了一种新方法

一种应用于非损伤微测系统的Pb²⁺选择性微电极及其制备方法

本发明涉及一种微电极及其制备，特别是一种应用于非损伤微测系统的Pb2+选择性微电极及其制备方法。锥形玻璃微电极管腔内填充有膜后灌充液，锥形玻璃微电极管尖端部注有Pb2+液态离子交换剂LIX，锥形玻璃微电极管内安装有Ag/AgCl丝导线，锥形玻璃微电极管的管口用环氧树脂密封并固定Ag/AgCl丝。本发明通过非损伤微测系统可以实现对样品表面微观区域Pb2+浓度、流速及其运动方向等信息的实时、动态、无损检测，为生物和非生物材料表面Pb2+的微观过程和机制研究提供了一种新方法

Extractability, Bioavailability and Toxicity of Cu in Farmland Soils with Different Properties

The environmental quality standards based on total contents of heavy metals can't meet the requirements of current soil management, studies on risk assessment and toxicity threshold that considering the bioavailability of heavy metals have great significance for the revision of corresponding standards.In this study, three farmland soils with different properties, i.e, black soil, meadow cinnamon soil, unsubmerged paddy soil, were selected and biological toxicity tests were conducted by simulating Cu pollution, four chemical extractants with different extraction capacities, including HNO_3, EDTA-Na_2, NH_4OAc and CaCl_2, were used to extract bioavailable Cu, the relationship between Cu extractability, bioavailability and toxicity were analyzed, and the toxicity thresholds of Cu were deduced for lettuce and earthworm Eisenia foetida.The results showed that HNO_3(41.4%) and EDTA-Na_2(56.8%) had strong Cu extraction ability, but NH_4OAc(0.12%) and CaCl_2(8.70%) had weak ability.Cu extracted by CaCl_2 significantly correlated with Cu accumulated in lettuce, the toxic effect, and the acute mortality of earthworms, while Cu extracted by HNO_3 significantly correlated with the chronic toxicity and Cu accumulated in earthworms.Based on the effective concentration of different extractable Cu, the deduced EC20 for lettuce ranged from 90.5 mg/kg to 170 mg/kg based on HNO_3, 103 mg/kg to 195 mg/kg based on EDTA-Na_2, 3.97 mg/kg to 20.1 mg/kg based on NH_4OAc and 0.21 mg/kg to 8.68 mg/kg based on CaCl_2, while the deduced EC20 for earthworm Eisenia foetida ranged from 138 mg/kg to 193 mg/kg based on HNO_3, 108 mg/kg to 226 mg/kg based on EDTA-Na_2, 8.92 mg/kg to 11.6 mg/kg based on NH_4OAc and 0.36 mg/kg to 10.6 mg/kg based on CaCl_2.The deduced EC50 for lettuce ranged from 110 mg/kg to 188 mg/kg based on HNO_3, 119 mg/kg to 230 mg/kg based on EDTA-Na_2, 5.69 mg/kg to 32.2 mg/kg based on NH_4OAc and 0.26 mg/kg to 9.62 mg/kg based on CaCl_2, while the deduced EC50 for earthworm Eisenia foetida ranged from 183 mg/kg to 221 mg/kg based on HNO_3, 180 mg/kg to 331 mg/kg based on EDTA-Na_2, 13.1 mg/kg to 18.3 mg/kg based on NH_4OAc and 0.54 mg/kg to 13.2 mg/kg based on CaCl_2.The results have great significance for the selection and optimization of effective extraction methods of heavy metals in soils and the revision of environmental quality standards based on heavy metals bioavailability

Uptake and accumulation of microplastics in an edible plant

Microplastic (MP, 100 nm-5 mm) may present an attributable risk to ecosystem and human health, and its pollution has become a global environmental concern. Despite a wealth of information on the accumulation of MPs in aquatic species, there is no information on the uptake and accumulation of MPs by higher plants. Terrestrial edible plants are directly exposed to MPs when agricultural soil was applied with organic manure, sewage sludge as fertilizer or plastic mulching. In this paper, the uptake of two sizes of polystyrene (PS) microbeads (0.2 and 1.0 mum) and then their distribution and migration in an edible plant lettuce were firstly investigated based on laboratory experiments. We used fluorescent markers to track PS microbeads in plant tissues and found fluorescence to be a sensitive and reliable detection method. Sections from untreated control lettuce showed no autofluorescence. When roots were treated with fluorescently labeled PS microbeads, the microbeads could be identified by its fluorescence. Our main study investigated the uptake of 0.2 mum beads, as few luminescence signals were observed in lettuce roots for 1.0 mum beads in our experiment. We observed that 0.2 mum fluorescent microbeads were extracellularly trapped in the root cap mucilage (which is a highly hydrated polysaccharide) and a dark green tip (which was typical of lettuce roots exposed to label PS beads) was usually visible to the naked eye. Confocal images revealed that the PS luminescence signals were mainly located in the vascular system and on the cell walls of the cortex tissue of the roots, indicated that the beads passed through the intercellular space via the apoplastic transport system. Once inside the central cylinder, the 0.2 mum PS beads were transferred from the roots to the stems and leaves via the vascular system following the transpiration stream. We also observed that the PS beads adhered to one another and self-assembled systematically into grape-like and (chain) string-like clusters in the intercellular space of the root and stem vascular tissue of lettuce plant. In contrast to the root and stem, PS beads were dispersed in the leaf tissue. Here, for the first time we provide evidence of the adherence, uptake, accumulation, and translocation of submicrometer MPs within an edible plant. Our findings highlight the previously underappreciated human exposure pathway to MPs through the consumption of contaminated crops and emphasize the need for new management strategies to control the release of MPs waste products into the terrestrial environment. Ultimately, the potential impacts of low range sized MPs on food safety of crop plants and human health need to be urgently considered

The invention relates to a Zn2 + selective microelectrode applied to a non-destructive micrometric system and a preparation method thereof

本发明涉及一种微电极，特别是一种应用于非损伤微测系统的Zn2+选择性微电极及其制备方法。电极包括锥形玻璃微电极管，锥形玻璃微电极管腔内填充有膜后灌充液，锥形玻璃微电极管尖端部注有Zn2+液态离子交换剂LIX，电极通过Ag/AgCl丝与非损伤微测系统连接。本发明通过非损伤微测系统可以实现对被测样品表面微观区域Zn2+浓度、流速及其运动方向等信息的实时、动态、无损检测，为生物和非生物材料表面Zn2+的微观过程和机制研究提供新的方法

Microplastics Contamination of Soil Environment:Sources,Processes and Risks

Microplastics are almost ubiquitous in the environment. Their pollution of the environment has aroused grave concerns the world over. However, little has been reported in the literature on microplastics in the terrestrial environment, especially in farmland soil, compared with those in the marine and other aquatic environments. Presumably, microplastic pollution may be more serious in the terrestrial environment than in the aquatic environment. This paper is to make a comprehensive and systematic review of research progresses and future directions of the study on microplastics in the terrestrial environment, to introduce status of the pollution, and accumulation and distribution of microplastics in the soil both in China and in other countries as well, to explore their sources in the terrestrial system, including the use of agricultural film, the application of sludge and organic materials as manure, the irrigation with sewage, and surface runoff and to discuss in detail their interactions with other pollutants (heavy metal and organic pollutant), processes of their accumulation, migration, weathering, and degradation in the soil. Moreover, this paper also elaborates ecological effects of microplastics in soil, impacts of microplastics on soil physico-chemical properties, threat of microplastics to animals, plants, and microorganisms living in the soil and potential risks of microplastics to human health via the respiratory exposure and food-chain. In the end, the paper puts forward views and prospects of future researches on microplastics in the soil environment. This paper is expected to be able to provide information and scientific guidance for comprehensive understanding of the presence and future of microplastics in the soil environment

一种假单胞菌及其应用

本发明涉及微生物土壤调理修复领域，具体涉及一种假单胞菌(Pseudomonas?frederiksbergensis?sp.)NT-2及其作为酸性土壤改良剂的应用。假单胞菌(Pseudomonas?frederiksbergensis?sp.)NT-2，该菌株已在国家知识产权局指定的保藏单位保藏，保藏日期为2015年11月5日，保藏单位名称：中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，保藏编号：CGMCC?No.11585。本发明的土壤改良剂能够调节土壤pH值，促进土壤团粒结构的形成，改善土壤的物理性状，促进植物的生长；含有有机质、钙、镁、硅及利于作物生长的微量元素；添加的微生物菌剂有较强的重金属抗耐性和促生能力，能够降低重金属对植物的毒性，改善土壤微生态，改善矿质营养，促进植物生长。本发明的土壤改良剂对酸性土壤具有较好的调节效果，增加土壤肥力，在重金属污染土壤的生物修复中具有较好的应用前景

Development and Application of Zn2+ Selective Microelectrode for Non-invasive Micro-test Technology

Non-invasive Micro-test Technology（NMT） has been widely applied in the study of plant root growth and development as well as the response of plant cell and tissue to abiotic stresses. Due to the limitations of its microelectrodes types for different heavy metals, its application in the study of toxicological effects of heavy metals in plant is also limited. Based on our previous work, a NMT Zn2+ selective microelectrode was constructed and for the first time was used for real-time monitoring Zn2+ flux at plant rhizosphere under living condition. The developed microelectrode has a Nernstian response(30.1 mV/decade of Zn2+ activity) to Zn2+ within the concentration range of 10-6 to 10-1 mol/L in DI water. The response time of the microelectrode is less than or equal to 1 s and the microelectrode can work well within a wide pH range of 3.5 to 7.0. While in simple simulated soil solution（containing 0.1 mmol/L Ca（NO3）2, 0.1 mmol/L KNO3, 0.1 mmol/L Mg（NO3）2 and 0.1 mmol/L NaNO3）, it displayed a Nernstian response within Zn2+ concentration range of 5.0&times;10-5 to 10-1 mol/L with slope of 28.1 mV/decade, which indicates that the microelectrode has good anti-interference performance to the coexisting cations in soil solution. The developed Zn2+ selective microelectrode was then used to monitor Zn2+ flux at the rhizosphere of Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola. This developed technique provides a powerful method for understanding the process and mechanism of Zn2+ at the micro-interface of plant rhizosphere under living conditions.</p