Food source and feeding habit of Helice tientsinensis from the common reed vegetation in high marsh of Yellow River Delta,China

Investigating the composition of food sources with stable isotope method can provide direct evidence for the top-down control in the coastal wetland.In this study,we examined food source and feeding habit of Helice tientsinensis of common reed (Phragmites australis) vegetation in high marsh of Yellow River Delta.The results showed that the density of crab was (5.5 1.5) ind&middot;m~(-2),with the behavior of climbing P.australis to feed on the leaves at night.Under the same indoor experimental condition,H.tientsinensis showed feeding preference on fresh leaves of P.australis.The stable isotope food source analysis showed that the leaves of P.australis were one of the important food sources of H.tientsinensis in the field.There were temporal variations in the proportion of fresh leaves [May:(6.44.9) %,July:(5.84.9) %,September:(12.58.8) %] and dead leaves [May:(12.47.8) %,July:(15.59.9) %,September:(15.19.4) %].Therefore,H.tientsinensis could inhibit P.australis&#39;s growth and affect litter decomposition through feeding disturbance behavior.</p

Food Habits and Habitat Selection of the Goitred Gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa sairensis

鹅喉羚（Goitred Gazelle or Persian Gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa）又名长尾黄羊，分布区域广阔，从中东，经乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、中国和蒙古直到俄罗斯境内。国家Ⅱ级保护动物，IUCN 易危种。目前国内对于鹅喉羚生态学研究方面的报道却不多。本研究从栖息地与食性方面入手，对鹅喉羚做初步的研究，从而为鹅喉羚的保护管理工作以及相关研究提供参考。 2006 年8 月至 2008 年 1 月，利用粪便显微分析法研究了新疆北部卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区（以下简称卡山保护区）鹅喉羚和冬季绵羊的食性。结果表明，鹅喉羚秋季采食 7 科 24 种，冬季采食 6 科 17 种，春季采食 16 科 41 种，夏季采食 12 科 30 种植物。藜科、禾本科植物是鹅喉羚全年的主要食物来源。不同季节鹅喉羚的食物生态位宽度不同，以春季最高为 3.59，食性也有明显变化。针茅在四季都是鹅喉羚采食的主要植物。此外，春季和夏季鹅喉羚采食较多的驼绒藜（Ceratoides latens），秋季和冬季梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）被较多采食。由于干旱胁迫,春季、夏季和秋季鹅喉羚喜食含水量较高的碱韭（Allium polyrhizum）、骆驼蹄瓣（Zygophyllum rosovii）、粗枝猪毛菜（Salsola subcrassa）等非禾本科草本植物。冬季鹅喉羚与绵羊间的生态位宽度相近，食物重叠指数高达 76.63%，绵羊与鹅喉羚之间食物竞争明显。对鹅喉羚的栖息地选择研究结果表明：对取食生境因子的选择性决定了鹅喉羚的采食地选择，鹅喉羚采食地多位于灌丛地带，植物种数、植被盖度、植物高度和地上生物量是影响卡山保护区鹅喉羚采食地选择的最主要因素。与采食地选择类似，食物因素和隐蔽因素是影响鹅喉羚卧息地选择的主要因素，春季和秋季地形因素同样也是影响卧息地选择的重要因素。The Goitered gazelle or Persian Gazelle, inhabited in desert and semi-desert environment, was ranked in grade Ⅱ key protected wildlife in China, and Vulnerable （VU） on the IUCN Red List 2006. Distribution of the Goitered gazelle is the largest of any antelope, ranging from deserts of the Arabian Peninsula and the mountain valleys of Transcaucasia to the steppes of Central Asia. For a number of reasons such as competition from cattle and sheep, the loss of habitat, as well as over-hunting and poaching, the Goitered gazelle is endangered throughout Asia. In order to offer some basic data for the Goitred Gazelle protection, and answer the question of how the gazelle adapt the arid environment. We start the research. We studied the food habits of goitered gazelle and domestic sheep by using the faecal analysis method from 2006 and 2007 at Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve in north part of Xinjiang, China. The results show that, in autumn, there are 24 species of plants belonging to 7 families consumed by the gazelle, and in winter the gazelle grazed 17 species of plants belonging to 6 families. The number of plant species used by gazelle in spring is 41, belonging to 16 families. And in summer, there are 30 species of plants belonging to 12 families grazed by the gazelle. Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae are the major food of the goitered gazelle, and the forbs are often grazed by the gazelle. The food nich breadth of the goitered gazelle is different in different seasons, and the food contents also changed obviously. No mater what the season, Stipa glareosa is the major food of the gazelle. Ceratoides latens is the major food in spring and summer, while in autumn and winter, the gazelle consumed lots of Haloxylon ammodendron. The forbs with higher water content, such as Allium polyrhizum, Zygophyllum rosovii, Salsola subcrassa etc, are favored by the gazelle especially in spring, summer and autumn. Domestic sheep have similar food nich breadth with gazelle, and the food overlap index is 76.63%. Use the plot method to investigate the habitats of the Goitred Gazelle, and use two quadrat sizes, 5m ×5 m and 1m ×1m. We start the research from May 2007 to October 2007 and divide the research into 3 seasons: spring, summer and autumn. Big plots were used to quantify the details of composition. The results show that: the gazelle select the sites with high vegetation coverage, high shrub height and high overground biomass as their habitat. Obviously, it was influenced by the food factor and the concealed condition. In spring, the gazelle preferred to use the site with supported relatively high densities of Ceratoides latens. And in summer, the gazelle habitats have relatively more plant species and high densities of Stipa glareosa. The sites with more plant species and high densities of Ephedra distachys are preferred by the gazelle in autumn. The feeding habitats of the gazelle are always found in the shrub zones of the reserve. The number of plant species, vegetation coverage, the plant height and the overground biomass are the major reasons that influence the feeding sites selection of the gazelle. And the selection of the bedding habitat is similar to the feeding habitat selection, the food factor and the concealed condition are the major factor. But in spring and autumn, the landform factor also has its effect to the bedding habitat selection

蒙古野驴的秋季食性分析

2006年9月在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区内采集了25堆蒙古野驴粪便和10科共29种植物标本,采用粪便显微组织学分析方法分析了蒙古野驴的秋季食性,并初步探讨了其食性与周围环境的关系。结果表明,蒙古野驴秋季食性广,共采食8科26种植物。这些植物按照其在食物组成中的比例可分为3大类:主要食物为梭梭、针茅、驼绒藜,共占食物组成的61.3%;常采食植物为柽柳、角果藜、蒿、琵琶柴、芨芨草等11种,共占食物组成的33.3%;少见采食的植物为盐爪爪、獐毛、顶羽菊、黑果枸杞、里海盐爪爪等12种,共占食物组成的6.7%。按科别而论,蒙古野驴采食最多的是藜科植物,其次是禾本科植物。从被采食植物的分布区域分析,其采食区域广阔,包括了保护区内所有的生境类型

卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚的时空分布与生境选择

基于2005年以来对卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区鹅喉羚分布调查和栖息地样方采集,运用GIS技术进行目视解译与图层叠加分析进行鹅喉羚分布研究,并运用选择指数与选择系数模型探讨鹅喉羚的生境选择。研究发现,保护区内鹅喉羚四季分布虽有明显差异,但主要分布区位于在保护区中部的针茅、驼绒藜、沙蒿-驼绒藜、假木贼-针茅群落中。不同季节鹅喉羚对植被类型的选择有差异,春季鹅喉羚倾向选择假木贼-针茅群落和梭梭群落;夏季鹅喉羚喜欢针茅群落、驼绒藜群落、梭梭群落;秋季鹅喉羚则倾向选择针茅群落和假木贼-针茅群落。鹅喉羚喜欢坡度平缓的地区;春季和夏季对各种坡向随机选择的,秋季不喜欢阴坡,其他坡向则几乎随机选择;春季和夏季喜欢中坡位,不喜欢上坡位,对下坡位随机选择,秋季对各种坡位随机选择。鹅喉羚的分布主要受植被类型和水源的影响,人类干扰是影响鹅喉羚冬季分布的主要因素。食物、隐蔽性和地形因素是鹅喉羚生境选择的重要影响因素

新疆北部鹅喉羚的食性分析

2006年10月至2007年8月,作者采用粪便显微分析法研究了新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区鹅喉羚的四季食性以及冬季绵羊的食性。结果发现:鹅喉羚共采食16科47种植物;不同季节间鹅喉羚食性有明显变化,秋季采食7科24种植物,冬季采食6科17种植物,春季采食16科41种植物,夏季采食12科30种植物;藜科、禾本科植物是鹅喉羚全年的主要食物来源,占鹅喉羚总采食量的38.8~85.1%,非禾本科草本植物也在鹅喉羚食物组成中占有重要地位;春季短命和类短命植物对鹅喉羚有重要意义,占春季采食量的27%。针茅在四季都是鹅喉羚采食的主要植物;春季和夏季鹅喉羚采食较多的驼绒藜,秋季和冬季梭梭被较多采食。由于干旱胁迫,春季、夏季和秋季鹅喉羚喜食含水量较高的多根葱、骆驼蹄瓣、粗枝猪毛菜等非禾本科草本植物。冬季鹅喉羚与绵羊间的生态位宽度相近,食物重叠指数高达76.6%,绵羊与鹅喉羚之间食物竞争明显

新疆卡拉麦里山保护区鹅喉羚的社群结构

2005年11月至2007年5月,在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类保护区对鹅喉羚的社群结构进行了初步研究。将其集群划分为雌性群、雄性群、亚成体群、独羚、雌雄混合群和不明群6种类型。共统计鹅喉羚564群,总计3186只。春季鹅喉羚以雄性群居多(45.7%);夏秋两季则以雌性群为主(52.9%和70.4%);冬季以混合群居多(60%)。卡方独立性检验表明,四个季节间三种社群类型的百分比组成差异显著(x2=68.45,P20只的群占2.3%。春夏秋冬四季平均群大小分别为(4.45±4.07;4.94±4.20;6.66±10.12;6.0±5.66),其中春季平均集群大小分别与秋季和冬季差异显著

鹅喉羚生态生物学研究现状

鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa)又名长尾黄羊,是生活于亚欧大陆荒漠、半荒漠地区重要的有蹄类动物。IUCN将其列为易危种(VU级),中国列为国家二级保护动物。近几十年来,由于放牧干扰、过度的捕猎以及盗猎等多种原因导致其栖息地不断恶化,分布区日益缩小,世界范围内鹅喉羚野外种群数量锐减。为有效保护该物种,国内外学者针对鹅喉羚生态生物学开展了大量研究。本文从形态与分类学、种群生态学、栖息地选择、季节性迁移、觅食生态、生理学、繁殖生态、濒危原因与保护对策等方面对鹅喉羚的研究成果进行了综述。同时,对鹅喉羚下一步的研究工作提出了建议

古尔班通古特沙漠区大沙鼠对荒漠植物群落的扰动效应

2006年5月,调查了大沙鼠洞区和对照区植物种类组成、盖度、密度、地上生物量,研究了大沙鼠对古尔班通古特沙漠植物群落物种组成和植被结构的影响。使用Mann-Whitney U检验表明,洞区植物种数(16.1)显著高于对照区(13.8)(Z=2.436,P<0.05);洞区半灌木种数(0.8)显著低于对照区(1.9)(Z=3.442,P<0.01)。受大沙鼠扰动影响,大沙鼠洞区植被平均盖度(2.40%±2.30%)显著低于对照区(14.46%±6.82%)(Z=3.63,P<0.01);大沙鼠洞区地上植物生物量(6.52g.m-2±6.30g.m-2)显著低于对照区(23.3g.m-2±12.85g.m-2,Z=3.708,P<0.01)。大沙鼠洞区Simpson指数(0.75±0.10,n=10)和Shannon-Wiener指数(0.78±0.12,n=10)显著高于对照区Simpson指数(0.61±0.16)和Shannon-Wiener指数(0.60±0.16)(t=2.362,P<0.05;t=2.948,P<0.01)。结果表明:大沙鼠的掘洞、采食行为能够提高古尔班通古特沙漠1年生植物的物种多样性,并导致半灌木衰败。洞区的植物群落在一定程度上显现出次生演替的特征