Application Effects of Jerusalem Artichoke Powder

本论文将菊芋全粉作为凡纳滨对虾饲料的益生元成分，应用于凡纳滨对虾的人工养殖中，研究了菊芋全粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫力及肠道菌群的影响， 同时考察了对菊芋全粉与地衣芽孢杆菌复合后在凡纳滨对虾养殖中的协同促进效果。 主要研究内容及结论如下： 1. 菊芋全粉对凡纳滨对虾的影响研究 在凡纳滨对虾的基础饲料中添加菊芋全粉，营养成分分析结果显示，粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量分别为 42%、 4%、 16%， 可以满足对虾的生长需求。 实验分组如下： 对照 A 组（基础饲料），实验 B 组（0.5%菊芋全粉），实验 C 组（1.0%菊芋全粉），实验 D 组（1.5%菊芋全粉）。 饲养四周后，对凡纳滨对虾的肠道微生物组成及丰度、免疫力和生长性能进行分析。结果表明： （1）补充菊芋全粉不会改变凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物的多样性， 但是各菊芋全粉实验组凡纳滨对虾的肠道微生物同源性更强。0.5%菊芋全粉可以明显提高芽孢杆菌相对丰度（P<0.05）；补充 1.0%和 1.5%菊芋全粉可以显著降低对虾肠道弧菌数量，提高红杆菌、黄杆菌等有益菌的相对丰度（P<0.05）， 这些有益菌都对宿 主生长免疫具有促进效果。 （2） 0.5%菊芋全粉可以明显提高凡纳滨对虾总抗氧化能力； 1.0%菊芋全粉可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾吞噬活性、总抗氧化能力和溶菌酶活性等免疫指标（P<0.05）以及凡纳滨对虾的饲料利用率； 1.5%菊芋全粉可以提高凡纳滨对虾血细胞数目、总抗氧化能力和溶菌酶活性，凡纳滨对虾的最终平均体重、特殊生长率、增重率也有显著提高（P<0.05）。 2. 菊芋全粉和地衣芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾协同促进效果的研究 将基础饲料中加入菊芋全粉和地衣芽孢杆菌制得实验饲料，实验分组如下：对照 A2 组（基础饲料），实验 B2 组（1.0%菊芋全粉），实验 C2 组（108CFU/g 地 衣芽孢杆菌），实验 D2 组（1.0%菊芋全粉+108CFU/g 地衣芽孢杆菌）。 四周饲养实验结束后， 对凡纳滨对虾的肠道微生物组成及相对丰度、免疫力和生长性能进行分析。实验结果表明： （1） 各实验组对肠道微生物的多样性没有显著性影响（P>0.05）， 各实验组之间的肠道菌群同源性更强， 与对照 A2 组差异性更大。 实验 D2 组与实验 B2 组 相比， 尽管对红杆菌、黄杆菌等有益菌的促进作用降低了， 但对弧菌和交替单胞菌等有害菌的促进也降低了， 这证明了菊芋全粉和地衣芽孢杆菌确实具有协同效果。 （2） 实验 D2 组在血细胞数目、呼吸爆发等免疫指标表现出更显著的促进效果，该结果证明了菊芋全粉和地衣芽孢杆菌的协同促进效果； 但是菊芋全粉和地衣芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能没有协同促进效果（P>0.05）。 研究结果表明在一定范围内，菊芋全粉可以降低凡纳滨对虾肠道弧菌相对丰度，并促进对虾生长性能； 饲料中补充 1.0%或者 1.5%菊芋全粉可显著调节凡纳滨肠道菌群、 提高免疫力和生长性能； 同时 1.0%菊芋全粉和地衣芽孢杆菌联合使用在调节凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群和提高免疫力方面具有良好的协同促进效果。本研究为菊芋全粉在凡纳滨对虾养殖中的应用提供了理论和应用依据

Optimization of Preparation of Inulin Acetate Ester with Response Surface Method and in Vitro Fermentation Activity Investigation

The effects of the ratio of acetic anhydride to inulin,inulin concentration and reaction temperature on inulin acetate ester were studied by single factor experiments with the degree of substitution（DS） as measurement index.The response surface method was used to optimize the synthesis process conditions,and the optimal conditions were as follows:the ratio of anhydride to inulin of 4:1,the concentration of 30%,the temperature of 40℃.Under these conditions,the experimental DS was 3.04±0.06.The prepared inulin acetate ester was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR.The FT-IR spectra results showed that the inulin acetate ester had new characteristic absorption peaks of carbonyl（—C=O）,methyl（—CH3）and ether bond（—C—O—C）.In the 1 H NMR spectra,the methyl（—CH3） proton peak on the acetic anhydride molecule appeared near 2.0 ppm,and the chemical shift of the proton peak on the sugar ring moved to the lower field due to the connection of the carbonyl group（—C=O）,which indicated that inulin was successfully acetylated.The total short-chain fatty acids in the fermentation broth with inulin acetate ester and inulin as carbon sources were 86.00 mmol/mL and 110.22 mmol/mL,respectively（P<0.05）.Compared with the inulin,the acetic acid content in the inulin acetate fermentation broth increased significantly and the butyrate content decreased significantly（P<0.05）.The results showed that inulin acetate ester could be used as a carrier of short-chain fatty aeids,which could be produced by fermentation and provided theoretical basis for improving intestinal and body health

Effects of Jerusalem artichoke powder on growth and immune responses after Vibrio splendidus infection in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of Jerusalem artichoke powder on the growth performance of Apostichopus japonicus and variation of immune-related enzyme activities after Vibro Splendidus infection.Three hundred and sixty sea cucumbers with initial body weight(4.7±0.1)g were randomly divided into three treatments.Control group was fed basal diet while treatment groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 5,15 g/kg Jerusalem artichoke powder for 42 d.The farming stage was 0 ～ 28 d while the infection stage was 29 ～ 42 d.The results showed as follows:(1) Compared with control group,the feed conversion ratio(FCR) of group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 21.05%(P 0.05).(2) Supplementation of 15 g/kg Jerusalem artichoke powder significantly improved the activities of acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) after Vibrio splendidus infection(P < 0.05).In addition,5 g/kg Jerusalem artichoke powder significantly improved the activity of lysozyme(LYZ)(P < 0.05) at the early days of bacterial infection.According to the results,15 g/kg Jerusalem artichoke powder significantly improved the activation of four immune enzymes after Vibrio splendidus infection

固体贝壳粉涂料的制备及其吸附甲醛性能优化

Shell powder is not only a kind of natural resources but also has a very good application value. It has a strong adsorp tion, antibacterial and fireproof ability, which could significantly improve the performance of the coating while added to the coating. In this paper, a kind of solid shell powder coating was prepared and its effect on formaldehyde adsorption was studied. Taking formalde hyde adsorption content as the index, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the main process parameters (shell powder dosage, gelatin dosage and lithopone dosage) and investigate the regression model. The results of variance analysis showed the regression model reflected the effect of shell powder, gelatin and lithopone on formaldehyde adsorption. The optimum condi tions were obtained as follows: shell powder 60 g, lithopone 12 g, gelatin 6 g. Under these optimized conditions, the adsorption formal dehyde content of the coating was 5. 87 g / kg.</p

ffect of wheat aleurone layer on serum lipid level and insulin resistance in rats with high fat diet

The effects of wheat aleurone layer on blood lipid level and insulin resistance in rats with highfat diet were studied. The rats were administered by gavage with aleurone layer for 5 successive weeks. Compared with the control group, the rats in the wheat aleurone layer group were significantly reduced in weight gain(P <0.05) and the food intake was also reduced. Serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly decreased, while HDL-C significantly increased(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the blood lipid ratio TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and AI levels were improved. Serum FBG, HOMA-IR(P<0.05), ISI, and HOMA-β index were significantly reduced while T-SOD levels increased significantly(P<0.05) by aleurone layer intervention, which could alleviate insulin resistance in rats with high-fat diet. The liver body ratio and liver fat accumulation with wheat aleurone layer intervene was significantly reduced. The results showed that aleurone layer can interfere with high-fat diet, play a role in reducing blood lipid, alleviating insulin resistance, improving liver fat accumulation, and reduce the occurrence of related diseases