12 research outputs found

    Study on De-inking of Xerography Wastepaper

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    本研究在於探討影印廢紙實用的脫墨再生方法, 藉由估計碳粉中熱塑性塑膠的溶解度參數,進而選擇調配適當的溶劑以作為紙漿水溶液中的脫墨劑。紙漿水溶液中的油墨可藉由乳化法來分離,塑膠片吸附法的分離效果更為顯著。 在乳化法中,主要的脫墨劑是由合適的有機溶劑和界面活性劑所組成,這有機溶劑是水不溶性的,而且它的溶解度參數和油墨中的塑膠成分很相近,因此彼此在接觸的初期就可迅速的溶解,接著已添加在內的界面活性劑可促進它形成安定的乳液且可容易的洗掉。在本研究中最佳的脫墨劑是由水不溶性的naphthalene (20%)、isoamyl acetate (80%) (NAISA20)及界面活性劑 (LAUEO3, Lauryl alcohol polyethylene glycol)所組成。在20℃下,本研究中所採用的影印油墨(styrene-acrylate copolymer)可以快速的乳化成粒徑為527nm的安定乳液,這脫墨後的紙漿經過重複的洗滌,脫墨漿中的殘墨量可由5760 ppm降至10 ppm以下,同時,白度則由80%GE增至85%GE,幾乎達到原紙白度的86%GE。 在進ㄧ步的塑膠片吸附法之研究中,用合適的溶劑和界面活性劑混合成的脫墨劑,可使油墨生成黏滯性的液體,在室溫中可被吸附在塑膠片上,然後再藉由篩選而加以分離。在本階段中的最佳脫墨劑成分與前項試驗內容的乳化法相似,但用量較少,在20℃下,7分鐘內只有使用0.8 wt%NAISA20 (一種溶劑混合物)及0.3 wt%LAUEO3 (月桂醇聚氧乙烯:一種界面活性劑)即可得到頗高的脫墨效率。在本研究中,不使用洗滌法而使用PET塑膠片吸附油墨,結果經由2次的處理,脫墨紙漿中的殘墨量可由67900 ppm降至12 ppm以下(99.98%的油墨移除率),脫墨紙漿的白度則增至85%GE,此高品質的再生紙已達到再用於印刷用紙的標準。 本研究中的塑膠片吸附法,所使用的藥量及能源都很少,而且廢水和塑膠片均可重複使用。此項簡單且實用的脫墨方法可直接採用傳統再生紙工廠的設備,藉以從事大規模的生產,甚具經濟的價值。ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………… iii 摘 要 ……………………………………………………………… iv ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………… v CONTENTS………………………………………………………………vii LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………….x LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………xi NOMENCLATURE……………………………………………………… xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW………………1 CHAPTER 2 DE-INKING BY EMULSION PROCESS…………………….17 2.1 Experimental… …………………………………………………17 2.1.1 Materials …………………………………………………17 2.1.2 Methods…………………………………………………… 18 2.1.2.1 Preparation of organic solvent with various solubility for toner dissolution.……….18 2.1.2.2 Measurement of surface tension ………..18 2.1.2.3 IR spectrum determination ……………...19 2.1.2.4 Contact-angles measurement ……………..19 2.1.2.5 Particle size measurement ……………….19 2.1.2.6 Paper brightness measurement ……………19 2.1.2.7 Image analysis of residual ink speck population on the paper ………………….19 2.1.2.8 A typical de-inking procedure……………20 2.2 Results and Discussion………………………………………21 2.2.1 Effect of solubility parameter of the prepared solvent mixture on de-inking……………………….21 2.2.2 Effect of washing and solvent dosages on de-inking…………………………………………………22 2.2.3 Effect of surfactant concentration to de-inking efficiency……………………………………………….23 2.2.4 Effect of processing time and temperature on the de-inking…………………………………………………25 2.2.5 Effect of sodium hydroxide on de-inking process26 2.2.6 The wastewater treatment and solvent recycle method…………………………………………………….27 2.3 Summary………………………………………………………….28 CHAPTER 3 DE-INKING BY PLASTIC FILM-ASSISTED ADSORPTION PROCESS…………………………………………………39 3.1 Experimental……………………………………………………39 3.1.1 Materials ……………………………………………….39 3.1.2 Methods……………………………………………………40 3.1.2.1 Contact-angles measurement…………………40 3.1.2.2 Paper brightness measurement………………40 3.1.2.3 Image analysis of residual ink speck population on the paper ……………………40 3.1.2.4 A typical de-inking procedure…………….41 3.2 Results and Discussion………………………………………42 3.2.1 Effect of the de-inking agent (NAISA20) dosages on de-inking…………………………………………….42 3.2.2 Effect of plastic kind on de-inking………………43 3.2.3 Effect of surfactant and agitation speed applied on de-inking ……………………………………………44 3.2.4 Effect of amount of PET films and recycling on both wastewater and PET film after de-inking………………45 3.2.5 Effect of inks content on de-inking and the de-inked pulp repeat treatment…………………….46 3.2.6 Effect of processing temperature and time on de-inking…………………………………………………47 3.2.7 The yield of the de-inked pulp on the adsorption process……………………………………………………48 3.3 Summary …………………………………………………………49 CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION…………………………………………….65 REFERENCE…………………………………………………………….6
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